Combustion Synthesis of h-BN-SiC Ceramic Composites

The feasibility was demonstrated to fabricate h-BN-SiC ceramics through combustion synthesis of the mixture of boron carbide and silicon powders under 100 MPa nitrogen pressure. The mass fraction of BN and SiC in the combustion products were found to be 72 % and 28 % respectively. The thermodynamics of the synthesis reaction and the adiabatic combustion temperature were calculated on the theoretical ground. The bending strengths of the ceramics were measured to be 65.2 MPa at room temperature and 55 MPa at 1350 ℃. The phase composition and microstructure of the combustion products were identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).     

La2O3纳米晶的制备与表征

La₂O₃ Nanocrystals were prepared by polyethylene glycol method. The structure and morphology of La₂O₃ nanocrystals were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and BET specific surface area absorption meter.La₂O₃ nanocrystals with different size of particles and different type of morphology were produced at different heat-treatment temperatures. Mixed La₂O₃ nanocrystals of monocline and hexagonal were obtained at 600℃ and completely transformed to the hexagonal phase when the heat-treatment temperature raised above 850℃. The Raman spectra of the La₂O₃ nanocrystals are also analyzed in this paper.     

Effect of mixing section configurations on combustion efflciency of Mg-CO2 Martian ramjet

Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of the mixing section configurations on the Mg-CO₂ Martian ramjet combustion efficiency. It was carried out at a mainstream mass flow rate of 110 g/s and a temperature of 810 K. The chamber pressure was measured under different configurations and Oxidizer to Fuel(O/F) ratios. Results showed that the engine achieved self-sustaining combustion and worked stably during experiments. The pre-combustion chamber is needed to increase the co...     

SiC涂层/B4C改性炭基复合材料的氧化行为研究

In this paper, CVR and CVI techniques were employed with Si(vapor) and SiO(g) as generators to siliconize two kinds of substrate materials(graphite and graphite modified by B₄C additives). Four kinds of composites were obtained SiC coating/graphite, gradient SiC coating/graphite, SiC coating/ graphite modified by B₄C additives and gradient SiC coating /graphite modified by B₄C additives. Their isothermal oxidation behavior at 1200℃ was investigated. Isothermal oxidation tests were also carried out at 1300℃ for GSC/BG which has and has not undergone 10 times of thermal shock（ΔT=1000℃）. The relationship between oxidation resistance and structure of the composites were analyzed.     

Effect of dilution holes on the performance of a triple swirler combustor

A triple swirler combustor is considered to be a promising solution for future high temperature rise combustors. The present paper aims to study dilution holes including primary dilution holes and secondary dilution holes on the performance of a triple swirler combustor. Experimental investigations are conducted at different inlet airflow velocities(40–70 m/s) and combustor overall fuel–air ratio with fixed inlet airflow temperature(473 K) and atmospheric pressure. The experimental results show that the ignition is very difficult with specific performance of high ignition fuel–air ratio when the primary dilution holes are located 0.6H(where H is the liner dome height)downstream the dome, while the other four cases have almost the same ignition performance. The position of primary dilution holes has an effect on lean blowout stability and has a large influence on combustion efficiency. The combustion efficiency is the highest when the primary dilution holes are placed 0.9H downstream the dome among the five different locations.For the secondary dilution holes, the pattern factor of Design A is better than that of Design B.     

Combustion efficiency test method in scramjet engine

A scramjet engine combustion efficiency measure system was designed.The combustion efficiency was measured by chromatography method,and the results of chromatography method were compared with those of temperature method.The results indicate that the combustion efficiency measured by chromatography method was 80.7%,lower than the combustion efficiency of 84.5%measured by temperature method;the combustion efficiency could be measured more precisely by chromatogram method than by temperature method.The combustion efficiency measure system based on chromatogram method can work well,and thus can be used to measure the combustion efficiency of scramjet engine.     

Numerical study of test gas vitiation effects on hydrogen-fueled scramjet combustion

The effects of major vitiated species (H₂O and CO₂) and minor vitiated species (H,OH and O radicals) produced by combustion air preheater on ignition and combustion of hydrogen-fueled scramjet were numerically investigated.Firstly,kinetic analyses with CHEMKIN SENKIN code were conducted to evaluate the effects of contamination on the ignition delay times of hydrogen fuel over a range of temperature and pressure variations.Then numerical simulation of a three-dimensional reacting flow in hydrogen-fueled scramjet combustor was performed.The two-equation shear stress transport κ-ω turbulence model was used for modeling turbulence and 33 reactions finite-rate chemistry was used for modeling the H₂/air kinetics.The results show that: free radical species such as H,O,and OH may significantly promote the ignition process of hydrogen-air at relatively low initial temperature and pressure.However,H₂O and CO₂ have inhibition effects on the ignition process.Under the same conditions,H₂O has more effective inhibition effects than CO₂.The temperature and pressure rise due to combustion are lower in the air vitiated with H₂O and CO₂ because of their higher heat capacities and more dissociation.Combustion efficiency and thrust calculated for vitiated air case are lower than clean air case.These results indicate the importance of accounting for vitiation effects when extrapolating performance data from ground test to flight demonstration.      

Development of a micro gas turbine combustor with T-type vaporizers

The study includes the experimental investigation of the evaporation performance of T-type vaporizer,mainly studied the relationship of the inlet air temperature and vaporizer wall temperature with the evaporation ratio.Then,it studied the LBO(lean blow out) and combustion efficiency of the micro aero-engine combustor with T-type vaporizer on the normal pressure test rig.The inlet air condition is environmental pressure and temperature.The gas analysis method is used to study the combustion efficiency,and the inlet air temperature is 300 K,400 K and 500 K.It could be concluded that the evaporation performance is improved with the increasing of the inlet air temperature and vaporizer wall temperature;the average LBO is 0.003;the combustion efficiency rises with the inlet air temperature,and it remain constant when the fuel/air ratio changed in the range from 0.008 to 0.02.The vaporization ratio is the key factor to determine the combustion performance.      

Experimental study on combustion characteristics of Chinese RP-3 kerosene

In order to illustrate the combustion characteristics of RP-3 kerosene which is widely used in Chinese aero-engines, the combustion characteristics of RP-3 kerosene were experimentally investigated in a constant volume combustion chamber. The experiments were performed at four different pressures of 0.1 MPa, 0.3 MPa, 0.5 MPa and 0.7 MPa, and three different temperatures of 390 K,420 K and 450 K, and over the equivalence ratio range of 0.6–1.6. Furthermore, the laminar combustion speeds of a surrogate fuel for RP-3 kerosene were simulated under certain conditions. The results show that increasing the initial temperature or decreasing the initial pressure causes an increase in the laminar combustion speed of RP-3 kerosene. With the equivalence ratio increasing from 0.6 to 1.6, the laminar combustion speed increases initially and then decreases gradually.The highest laminar combustion speed is measured under fuel rich condition(the equivalence ratio is 1.2). At the same time, the Markstein length shows the same changing trend as the laminar combustion speed with modification of the initial pressure. Increasing the initial pressure will increase the instability of the flame front, which is established by decreased Markstein length. However, different from the effects of the initial temperature and equivalence ratio on the laminar combustion speed,increasing the equivalence ratio will lead to a decrease in the Markstein length and the stability of the flame front, and the effect of the initial temperature on the Markstein length is unclear. Furthermore, the simulated laminar combustion speeds of the surrogate fuel agree with the corresponding experimental datas of RP-3 kerosene within 10% deviation under certain conditions.     

航空航天用多功能SiC/Al复合材料研究进展(英文)

Multi-functional Al-matrix composites with high volume fraction （55%-57%） of SiC particles are produced with the new pressureless infiltration fabrication technology. X-ray detection and microscopic observation display the composites which are macroscopically homogeneous without porosity. The investigation further reveals that the SiC/Al composites possess low density （2.94 g/cm^3）, high elastic modulus （220 GPa）, prominent thermal management function as a result of low coefficient of thermal expansion （8 × 10^4 K^-1） and high thermal conductivity （235 W/（m.K）） as well as unique preventability of resonance vibration. By adopting a series of developed techniques, the multi-functional SiC/Al composites have managed to be made into near-net-shape parts. Many kinds of precision components of space-based optomechanical structures and airborne optoelectronic platform have been turned out. Of them, several typical products are being under test in practices.     

利用遗传算法和LMI设计固定结构H2/H∞飞行控制律

 在设计飞翼式无人机(UAV)的横航向飞行控制系统时,为了使无人机具有较好的动态特性和阵风抑制能力,同时又便于工程实现,提出了固定结构的H₂/H_∞控制律设计方法。对于由此遇到的双线性矩阵不等式(BMI)问题,先用线性矩阵不等式(LMI)方法得到控制律参数和H₂/H_∞性能指标的映射关系,再用此映射关系作为适应度函数,用改进的遗传算法求解使H₂/H_∞性能最优的控制律参数。仿真结果表明,使用固定结构的H₂/H_∞控制方法的无人机动态响应迅速平滑,在侧风干扰下的滚转角振荡幅值仅是原经典控制方法的一半。     

H2-O2-Cl2混气光化学点火特性

为了研究在H2-O2-Cl2混气中以光化学方式点火的具体物理化学过程，首先建立分析模型，然后根据此模型计算不同爆炸波后压力和温度下的光化学点火过程中温度变化以及各种粒子的浓度变化，最后根据计算结果进行绘图，并深入分析光化学点火过程。分析结果表明，光化学点火方式可以适应高空下的低压状况；在温度达到700K之后，H2-O2链式反应才会启动；光化学点火延迟时间随初始爆炸波后温度和压力的降低而增长。     

Thin-film Li-LiMn2O4 batteries

Thin-film rechargeable Li-LiMn₂O₄ batteries have been fabricated and characterized. Following deposition by electron beam evaporation of LiMn₂O₄, the amorphous as-deposited cathode films 1 cm² in area by 0.3to 4-μm thick were annealed at 700°C to 800°C in oxygen in order to form the crystalline spinet phase. The specific capacity of the cells between 4.5 V to 3.8 V ranged from 50 μAh/mg to 120 μAh/mg. When cycled over this range, the batteries exhibited excellent secondary performance with capacity losses as low as 0.001% per cycle. On charging to 5.3 V, a plateau with a median voltage of 5.1 V was observed. The total charge extracted between 3.8 V to 5.3 V corresponded to about 1 Li/Mn₂ O₄     

四氧化二氮/一甲基肼推力室研制

本文主要介绍90N和490N两种四氧化二氮/一甲基肼推力室的设计及试验概况.     

g-C3N4/Fe2O3复合催化剂的表征及其对AP的催化作用

为了改善固体推进剂中高氯酸铵（AP）热分解性能,降低其热分解温度,利用SEM,XRD,FT-IR对原位制备的g-C₃N₄/Fe₂O₃复合催化剂的形貌和结构进行了表征,通过差示扫描量热法（DSC）考察了催化剂对AP 热分解的催化效果。结果表明：g-C₃N₄/Fe₂O₃复合结构完整,Fe₂O₃颗粒紧密负载在g-C₃N₄上;加入不同质量分数的复合催化剂,AP的低温分解峰和高温分解峰都明显降低,且随着催化剂加入量的增加催化效果增强;加入复合催化剂质量分数5%时,高温分解峰和低温分解峰分别降低到348.1℃和281.7℃,表明g-C₃N₄/Fe₂O₃复合催化剂可有效降低AP的热分解温度,改善其热分解性能。     

Impermeability of Y3Al5O12 ceramic against molten glassy calcium-magnesium-alumina-silicate

Degradation of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) caused by calcium-magnesium-alumina-silica (CMAS) glassy penetration is becoming an urgent issue for TBCs industrial applications. In this work, yttrium aluminum garnet (Y₃Al₅O₁₂, YAG) nano-powders were synthesized through a chemical co-precipitation route. The resistance of YAG ceramic to glassy CMAS infiltration at 1250?°C was evaluated. YAG ceramic bulk sintered at 1700?°C for 10?h was comprised of a single garnet-type Y₃Al₅O₁₂ phase. The molten CMAS glass was suppressed on the surface of the YAG ceramic at 1250?°C. A chemical reaction between YAG and the molten CMAS glass did not occur at 1250?°C for 24?h, suggesting that YAG could act as an impermeable material against glassy CMAS deposits in the TBC field.     

气氧/甲烷与气氢/气氧喷注器燃烧特性对比研究

为了获得气氧/甲烷与气氢/气氧两种推进剂组合燃烧特性的异同,将氢/氧气-气啧注器的设计经验用于气氧/甲烷气-气喷注器设计,在同一燃烧室中针对气氧/甲烷与气氢/气氧同轴剪切喷注器燃烧特性开展了数值仿真与试验研究.结果表明:在喷注器设计参数相似的情况下,气氧/甲烷喷注器尺寸与气氢/气氧喷注器尺寸相当;在相同的燃烧室设计压力、结构尺寸,以及两种推进剂组合均完全燃烧的情况下,要产生相同的推力,气氧/甲烷(混合比3.5)推进剂流量约为氢/氧(混合比6.0)推进剂流量的1.27倍,气氧/甲烷燃烧所需燃烧室特征长度约为氢/氧燃烧室特征长度的1.48倍,气氧/甲烷燃烧室壁面热载约为氢/氧燃烧室壁面热载的一半.     

浆料浸渍工艺制备高性能Al2O3/Al2O3陶瓷基复合材料

为了利于大型构件的制备,采用浆料浸渍工艺,以Nextel 720连续氧化铝纤维增韧,通过一次烧结过程制备了Al₂O₃/Al₂O₃陶瓷基复合材料。测试了复合材料的物理及力学性能,并采用光学显微镜、SEM对试样的微观形貌进行了表征。结果表明：复合材料的体积密度为2.64 g/cm³,显气孔率为26%,材料基体呈现典型的多孔结构特征;室温及1 200 ℃,复合材料厚度方向的热导率分别为3.49及2.04 W/（m·K）;200～1 200 ℃,复合材料面内方向的热膨胀系数为（4.7～7.1）×10^-6/K;复合材料室温、1 100及1 200 ℃拉伸强度分别为202.4、222.4及228.4 MPa,试样断面纤维拔出明显;室温弯曲强度为200.5 MPa,试样发生韧性断裂;层剪强度为21.0 MPa。制备的材料主要性能与美国ATK-COI陶瓷公司的同类型材料相当,部分力学性能更优异。     

SiC/SiBCN-Si3N4复合材料力学性能研究

为了深入了解SiC/SiBCN-Si₃N₄材料微观形貌与高温力学行为,建立科学可靠的定量表征方法,本文使用多种表征手段对SiC/SiBCN-Si₃N₄材料进行定量观测,首先进行材料孔隙率及密度的测试,随后进行材料高温原位力学性能测试并对材料损伤机理进行了分析,最后基于试验数据构建了一种可解释的深度学习模型,实现了材料高温非线性本构关系预测。样件力学性能分析结果表明：平均应力预测误差为0.27%~0.59%、平均应变预测误差为1.96%~3.41%;同时通过量化分析明确了影响力学性能的因素依次为温度、偏轴角度、孔隙率及密度。本文实现了不同环境温度、偏轴角度与外载荷作用下SiC/SiBCN-Si₃N₄宏观力学性能的预测,可为陶瓷基复合材料高温本构模型的建立提供新思路。     

氢/氧气-气燃烧与气-液燃烧特性对比研究

对氢/氧气-气和气-液同轴剪切式单喷注器进行了燃烧流动的仿真研究.采用带化学反应的湍流Navier-Stokes方程和颗粒轨道模型描述发动机内部喷雾两相燃烧流动过程,气相化学反应速率都由Ar-rhenius公式计算.对典型气-气燃烧和气-液燃烧仿真结果进行了比较,结果表明气-气燃烧完成长度相对气-液燃烧更长;并进行了同轴喷注器关键参数对两种燃烧流场的影响的仿真和分析比较,得到喷注流量和动量比均为影响两类型喷注器燃烧流场的关键因素,且这两因素对燃烧完成长度的影响趋势是完全相同的,而喷注速度对两类型喷注器燃烧流场影响程度都较小.