Application of Gram-Schmidt algorithm to fully adaptive arrays

The Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization (GSO) algorithm has excellent numerical performance and is readily applicable to systolic implementations such as in a field of adaptive cancellation systems. A modified GSO algorithm for a fully adaptive array is proposed and computer simulations show that the proposed algorithm gives superior performance. A systolic implementation of the proposed GSO algorithm for fully adaptive array is presented. A feedback mode GSO algorithm for use with analog weights is also presented and has been shown to have excellent performance in the presence of weight errors     

Large-signal stability analysis of solar array power system

A large-signal stability analysis of the solar array regulator system is performed to facilitate the design and analysis of a low-earth-orbit (LEO) satellite power system. The effective load characteristics of various control methods in the solar array regulator system, such as the constant power load, variable power load, constant voltage load, constant current load, and constant resistive load, are classified to analyze the large-signal stability. Then, using the state plane analysis technique, the large-signal behavior of the solar array system is portrayed and the stability of various equilibrium points is analyzed. Thus, this approach can be contributed to organize the optimal controller structure of the system by representing the relationship between the control method of the solar array regulator and the large-signal stability. For the verification of the proposed large-signal analysis, a solar array regulator system that consists of two 100 W parallel module buck converters has been built and tested using a real 200 W solar array.     

面向流场计算的专用超级计算机体系结构研究

 本文在对流体力学等一类大型计算问题的并行计算模型进行分析的基础上,提出了一种可以实现大规模并行处理的专用超级计算机体系结构方案。该系统由一台宿主机和一个多计算机阵列组成一台个人超级计算机。利用专用性,减小复杂性,提高并行性是系统的主要特色。系统采用二维超环结构作为计算机结点之间的互连结构,反映了计算中数据交换的局部性特点,具有好的通信性能。每个计算机结点本身又采用流水线向量处理结构,从而将高层次的多机并行与低层次的向量处理相结合,实现了大规模的并行计算。本文讨论了系统的软、硬件结构并研究和评价了通信性能。     

Systolic array implementation of second-order Kalman filter

The approach for design of parallel implementation of the second-order Kalman filter using systolic array processors is proposed. The original time complexity of more than 27n³ for sequential processing can be reduced to only 21n+10r-4 in the proposed parallel implementation. The improvement is gained from the utilization of interarray pipelining, concurrent processing and substitution forwarding techniques. The approach is especially suitable for real-time application of the Kalman filter in solving second-order linear system     

Multicomponent receiver architectures for GPS interference suppression

The global positioning system (GPS) is a one-way satellite-based navigation system employing spread-spectrum techniques that is widely used for commercial and military applications. Although the very low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is handled by the large spreading gain, GPS is susceptible to high-power interference signals and various types of jammers. We propose multicomponent receiver architectures for GPS interference suppression. A conventional antenna system is first considered which utilizes a minimum-variance distortionless-response (MVDR) beam former and assumes that the GPS signal angle of arrival (AOA) and the antenna model are known at the receiver. However, this receiver is sensitive to AOA estimation errors and can have a high computational complexity. This sensitivity problem is eliminated by a multicomponent system based on a multistage matched filter (MF). Since this MF receiver also has a high computational complexity because the jammer AOAs must be estimated, we introduce a blind interference canceler based on the constant modulus (CM) array that is insensitive to AOA estimation errors and has a low computational complexity. Computer simulations are provided to illustrate the performance of the various systems for interference suppression in example signal scenarios.     

A parallel square-root algorithm for modified extended Kalmanfilter

A parallel square-root algorithm and its systolic array implementation are proposed for performing modified extended Kalman filtering (MEKF). The proposed parallel square-root algorithm is designed based on the singular value decomposition (SVD) and the Faddeev algorithm, and a very large scale integration (VLSI) systolic array architecture is developed for its implementation. Compared to other square root Kalman filtering algorithms, the proposed method is more numerically stable. The VLSI architecture described has good parallel and pipelining characteristics in applying to the MEKF and achieves higher efficiency. For n-dimensional state vector estimations, the proposed architecture consists of O(2n²) processing elements and uses O ((s+17)n) time-steps for a complete iteration at each instant, in contrast to the complexity of O((s+6) n³) time-steps for a sequential implementation, where s≈log n     

A Coarse Search Correlation Tracker for Image Registration

A high-speed compact digital correlation tracker which determines the frame-to-frame translational motion between two images is presented. By combining a similarity detection approach with the correlation coefficient in a parallel pipelined architecture, effective tracking rates comparable to conventional fast Fourier transform (FFT) techniques can be achieved. Examples of the tracker's performance using simulated data and image data acquired by an active infrared radar are given.     

Equivalent transformation for a partially adaptive array

A partially adaptive array is one in which elements of a phased array are controlled or adaptively weighted in groups or in which certain elements, called auxiliary elements, are made controllable. Mathematically, this type of array is formed by transforming all of the elements of an array by a nonsquare matrix such that the resulting output vector has a length less than the number of array elements. It is shown that there is an equivalent matrix transform that can effectively be utilized in analyzing the partially adaptive array's performance when a small number of external jammers are present. Processor implementation and convergence rate considerations lead to the desirability of reducing the dimensionality of the cancellation processor while maintaining good sidelobe interference protection. A meaningful measure of canceller performance is to compute the optimal output signal-to-noise ratio. This expression is a function of the jammer, direction-of-arrival vectors (DOAVs), jammer powers, the array steering vector, and internal noise. It is shown that if this expression is computed for the fully adaptive array then it is easily computed for the partially adaptive array by transforming the jammer DOAVs and the steering vector by the orthogonal projection matrix defined by the rows of the subarray transformation matrix and substituting these vectors back into the original expression for the fully adaptive array     

航天器相对运动估计的一种并行推广卡尔曼滤波方法

 从并行的观点出发，研究应用推广卡尔曼滤波估计航天器交会对接寻的期相对位置和速率问题。推导出交会推广卡尔曼滤波公式；提出了基于奇异值分解（ＳＶＤ）和Ｆａｄｄｅｖ算法的并行平方根算法；给出了其脉动阵列（Ｓｙｓｔｏｌｉｃ）实现结构；并对阵列所需的处理单元数目和执行一次迭代所需的时间步进行了分析，说明了其实现的优越性。为航天器相对运动估计提供了一种新的有效方法     

飞机结构加筋壁板参数化有限元模型的实现

提出一种基于MSC.Nastran/Patran的加筋板结构有限元模型自动生成方法.方法对加筋条位置、加筋条几何尺寸、底板几何尺寸、材料物性以及网格密度完全参数化,给出标量参数、向量参数、字符参数及动态数组在PCL函数中的具体应用,载荷、约束以及材料特性全部施加于几何体以实现网格密度的自动疏密控制.实例表明,对于帽型加筋板,张角为60°时壁板位移最小.     

Design, implementation and evaluation of parallel pipelined STAP onparallel computers

Performance results are presented for the design and implementation of parallel pipelined space-time adaptive processing (STAP) algorithms on parallel computers. In particular, the issues involved in parallelization, our approach to parallelization, and performance results on an Intel Paragon are described. The process of developing software for such an application on parallel computers when latency and throughput are both considered together is discussed and tradeoffs considered with respect to inter and intratask communication and data redistribution are presented. The results show that not only scalable performance was achieved for individual component tasks of STAP but linear speedups were obtained for the integrated task performance, both for latency as well as throughput. Results are presented for up to 236 compute nodes (limited by the machine size available to us). Another interesting observation made from the implementation results is that performance improvement due to the assignment of additional processors to one task can improve the performance of other tasks without any increase in the number of processors assigned to them. Normally, this cannot be predicted by theoretical analysis     

High-fidelity trajectory optimization for aeroassisted vehicles using variable order pseudospectral method

In this study, the problem of time-optimal reconnaissance trajectory design for the aeroassisted vehicle is considered. Different from most works reported previously, we explore the feasibility of applying a high-order aeroassisted vehicle dynamic model to plan the optimal flight trajectory such that the gap between the simulated model and the real system can be narrowed. A highly-constrained optimal control model containing six-degree-of-freedom vehicle dynamics is established. To solve the formulated high-order trajectory planning model, a pipelined optimization strategy is illustrated. This approach is based on the variable order Radau pseudospectral method, indicating that the mesh grid used for discretizing the continuous system experiences several adaption iterations. Utilization of such a strategy can potentially smooth the flight trajectory and improve the algorithm convergence ability. Numerical simulations are reported to demonstrate some key features of the optimized flight trajectory. A number of comparative studies are also provided to verify the effectiveness of the applied method as well as the high-order trajectory planning model.     

基于应力约束的翼肋拓扑优化和软件二次开发

翼肋主要作用是维持机翼外形,对于机翼的总弯曲刚度贡献较小,但是翼肋的重量却在翼盒的结构重量中占有相当大的比例（一般为8％～12％）,因此有必要通过一定的结构优化方法减轻翼肋的结构重量。在MSC．PATRAN平台上二次开发了应力约束全局化的拓扑优化方法,并首次将该方法应用于翼肋的拓扑优化;采用了一套工程估算方法,可用于翼肋的初步设计和快速重量估算。结果表明：在满足稳定性要求的情况下,经过拓扑优化的翼肋结构减重效果明显。     

基于FPGA的自适应阵列协方差矩阵特征分解的实现

卫星导航抗干扰的过程中,对空间信号波达方向估计、干扰个数检测、最优权矢量的求解直接影响着导航接收机的抗干扰性能,而协方差矩阵的特征分解是这些算法实现的核心部分。根据自适应阵列天线获得的协方差矩阵的特性,基于双边并行Jacobi算法,实现了基于FPGA的协方差矩阵特征值和特征向量的求解,并通过在信号波达方向估计的应用进行了验证。另外,在实现的过程中对直接调用CORDIC IP核的方式进行了精度误差分析,并用一种双精度浮点的方式进行修正,提高了矩阵特征分解FPGA的实现精度,为导航抗干扰接收机性能的提升提供了有效的工程基础。     

Systolic robust adaptive beamforming with an adjustable constraint

This paper presents a novel, fully parallel algorithm for robust linearly constrained minimum variance (LCMV) beamforming. The robustness results from the use of an adjustable constraint to compensate for the unavoidable small mismatch between the nominal and the actual steering vector of the signal-of-interest. The need for parallelism follows from the large computational demands of beamforming algorithms and by the high data rates which are typically present in communications applications. The algorithm exhibits good numerical properties as it is based on orthogonal transformations only. Two systolic architectures are presented on which the throughput is independent of the size of the beamformer     

冲击杂波下的MIMO雷达DOA估计方法

研究了对称α稳定分布(SαS)冲击杂波下的多输入多输出（MIMO）雷达目标波达方向（DOA）估计问题,分别提出基于分数低阶最小方差无畸变响应(FrMVDR)的MIMO雷达DOA估计算法和无穷范数归一化最小方差无畸变响应（Inf-MVDR)算法。FrMVDR算法,首先进行冲击杂波特征指数的估计,然后使MIMO雷达接收阵列的分数低阶输出功率最小,实现MIMO雷达的DOA估计。为了避免FrMVDR算法对杂波特征指数估计,提出Inf-MVDR算法,首先用无穷范数对接收信号进行归一化处理,使归一化后的阵列输出功率有界,继而采用传统MVDR算法进行DOA估计。计算机仿真验证了上述两种算法的有效性;同时仿真结果还表明在冲击杂波下,MIMO雷达的空间分集特性可显著提高DOA估计的精度。     

Adaptive array CFAR detection

Presented here is a large class of adaptive array detection algorithms with constant false alarm rate (CFAR), so that the false alarm rate can be set to any preassigned number without knowledge of the noise covariance matrix. This class map incorporate any usual method of cell averaging and any method for array weight vector synthesis. A sufficient condition for CFAR is derived, which is easy to satisfy in practice. Basic system parameters are discussed. An example of detection performance for a simple cell-averaging detector, in which the array weight vector is synthesized by the method of diagonal loading, is provided using Monte Carlo simulations     

MIMO雷达DOA估计阵列设计

 多输入多输出（MIMO）雷达的关键技术之一是天线阵列的设计。由于MIMO雷达同时增加了收发两端的相位中心,使得系统具有更高的空间分辨率和更多的自由度。论文从接收信号模型出发,对MIMO雷达发射正交信号的等效阵列进行了讨论,以波达方向估计为目标提出了一种MIMO雷达天线阵的设计方法,通过抛物线理论得出了收发组合的唯一性和合理性,然后通过分析各种收发组合给出了发射阵元的最佳间隔设置。推导了几种情景下的MIMO收发阵列最佳设计解析解,最后进行了仿真实验。仿真结果验证了算法的有效性。     

Analysis of array errors and a short-time processor in airbornephased array radars

Array errors are inherent in a realistic phased array radar system. The influence of array errors on the clutter degrees of freedom and the clutter subspace in an airborne phased array radar is analyzed. Based on the presented theoretic results, a method of short-time processing followed by coherent integration is proposed for clutter suppression in airborne phased array radars. It can approximate the two-dimensional optimal processor well even in the presence of array errors, clutter fluctuations and aircraft drift, with a considerable saving in computations