一类不确定分数阶混沌系统的滑模自适应同步

基于滑模自适应控制理论、Lyapunov稳定性理论和分数阶线性系统稳定性理论,在考虑系统存在模型不确定和外部扰动的情况下,选用一种具有较强鲁棒性的分数阶滑模曲面,设计了合适的自适应滑模控制器。所设计的控制器能够将系统状态控制到滑模面上,实现两个不确定分数阶混沌系统的同步,且不需事先知道不确定项上界。该控制器结构简单,控制代价小,具有较好的通用性,对未知扰动具有较强的鲁棒性。数值仿真验证了该方法的正确性和有效性。     

电液伺服泵的分数阶无抖振滑模控制

电液伺服泵（IEHSP）由于在结构上实现了伺服电机和液压泵共转子、共壳体高度融合,在体积、噪声和效率等方面具有明显优势,具有很好的应用前景。为了提高电液伺服泵的调速性能与抗扰能力,设计了一种新型分数阶滑模控制器（NFOSMC）。首先,由于分数阶微积分理论的引入,控制器为系统提供了更多的控制余度。然后,针对传统滑模控制中存在的抖振问题,通过设计使控制器中直接包含有切换项的分数阶积分项,利用其滤波特性可以有效滤除抖振,实现无抖振滑模控制。同时利用Lyapunov稳定性定理证明了控制器可以保证系统在存在内扰与外扰时能够在有限时间内收敛于平衡点,另外控制器中避免了含有高阶分数阶微分项,扩大了分数阶阶数的取值范围。为了进一步提高抗扰能力,设计了分数阶扰动观测器（FODOB）,对系统内扰和外扰实时观测并补偿,有效提高了控制器的响应速度和刚度。最后,分别与PI控制、整数阶滑模控制器（IOSMC）和传统分数阶滑模控制器（CFOSMC）进行了仿真分析比较,结果表明该控制器能够有效改善速度跟踪性能和增强抗扰能力,消抖效果显著。      

航天器编队飞行多目标姿态跟踪终端滑模控制

研究航天器编队飞行多目标姿态跟踪控制问题.为避免姿态大范围跟踪可能出现的奇点,采用欧拉参数描述航天器姿态.基于终端滑模技术,设计多目标姿态跟踪终端滑模控制器,并应用Lyapunov稳定性理论和扩展的Lyapunov有限时间稳定性理论证明控制系统稳定性和有限时间收敛性.该控制器参数方便调整,易于实现.由于没有对复杂多体航天器动力学进行线性化处理,从而保证了姿态跟踪控制精度.仿真结果表明,存在惯量参数摄动和外部干扰力矩的情况下,所设计的多目标姿态跟踪控制器具有良好鲁棒性和优越的跟踪性能.     

使用SGCMGs航天器滑模姿态容错控制

基于滑模控制与自适应理论,对使用单框架控制力矩陀螺群(SGCMGs)的刚性航天器的被动姿态容错控制问题进行了研究。首先建立了含有陀螺框架转速故障的系统数学模型。然后将框架转速直接作为控制量并应用滑模控制理论设计了容错控制器,同时控制器中还设计了自适应律对故障信息和干扰进行估计。由此,可在故障和干扰的先验信息未知的情况下,实现对航天器无故障和有故障情况下的姿态稳定控制,且具有较强的鲁棒性。最后,对2种构型单框架控制力矩陀螺群的不同故障模式进行数学仿真,验证了该控制方法的有效性和可行性。     

基于扩张状态观测器的泵控电液伺服系统滑模控制

以泵控电液伺服系统为研究对象,提出了一种基于扩张状态观测器的滑模位置跟踪控制策略。首先,利用奇异扰动理论对泵控电液伺服系统的数学模型进行降阶处理,得到降阶泵控电液位置伺服系统数学模型。其次,针对泵控电液伺服系统工况的复杂性及外负载干扰问题,设计了扩张状态观测器对系统干扰在线观测,同时该观测器还可以对活塞杆的位置和速度信号进行估计。然后,利用观测到的干扰信号及速度信号,基于滑模控制理论设计了滑模变结构控制算法,对所提出的控制策略的稳定性进行了理论分析。最后,利用MATLAB/Simulink和AMESim仿真平台,搭建了泵控电液伺服系统的联合仿真模型,对算法的可行性及有效性进行了仿真验证。仿真结果表明,所设计的扩张状态观测器能对干扰进行精确估计,基于扩张状态观测器的滑模控制策略的位置跟踪性能显著优于PID控制器和传统滑模控制器,且对外部干扰力具有较强的鲁棒性,提高了泵控电液伺服系统的控制性能。      

电动静液作动器的非线性变阻尼积分滑模控制

对于电动静液作动器(EHA),传统滑模控制器存在加速度信息难以获取,参数不易整定和控制信号抖振等问题,从而造成控制器很难应用于实际。针对以上问题,利用奇异摄动理论对EHA数学模型进行合理的降阶,从而使控制器设计避免了使用加速度信息。在此基础上,利用降阶模型设计了一种新型非线性变阻尼积分滑模控制器(NSMC),该控制器可根据位置控制误差实现系统阻尼比由欠阻尼到过阻尼的自适应调节,能有效提高位置阶跃调节性能。设计了一种基于滤波器的不确定项估计器对EHA中存在的参数不确定性和外部扰动进行实时估计并补偿。滑模面积分项的引入和不确定项估计器的使用,一方面使控制器中无需使用切换函数,实现了EHA的无抖振滑模控制,另一方面使系统整个动态过程完全表现为滑动模态,从而可根据EHA控制指标直接整定滑模面参数,大大简化了参数整定过程。同时利用Lyapunov稳定性理论对整个闭环系统和滑模面的稳定性进行了详细分析。分别与PI控制器、传统滑模控制器(SMC)和传统变阻尼滑模控制器(DVSMC)进行了详细的仿真分析比较,仿真结果表明NSMC能有效提高EHA位置跟踪性能和增强对参数不确定性和外部扰动的鲁棒性。     

基于终端滑模和神经网络的多目标姿态跟踪鲁棒控制#br#

研究了航天器编队飞行多目标姿态跟踪的鲁棒控制问题.主航天器由中心刚体和一个快速机动天线组成,星载相机跟踪某一特定目标,同时天线与从航天器保持通信.在考虑模型不确定性和外部干扰情况下,基于非奇异终端滑模技术和RBF神经网络,设计了多目标姿态跟踪鲁棒控制器.鲁棒控制器由RBF神经网络和一个自适应控制器组成.自适应控制器用于抵消神经网络的逼近误差和实现期望的控制性能.RBF神经网络用于逼近模型不确定部分与外部干扰力矩,并且根据非奇异终端滑模的有限时间收敛属性,提出了一种RBF网络的在线学习算法,提高了RBF网络的逼近效率.应用Lyapunov稳定性理论,证明了闭环系统稳定性.数值仿真结果表明所设计的控制器对外部干扰与模型不确定具有良好的鲁棒性.     

基于终端滑模和神经网络的多目标姿态跟踪鲁棒控制

研究了航天器编队飞行多目标姿态跟踪的鲁棒控制问题.主航天器由中心刚体和一个快速机动天线组成,星载相机跟踪某一特定目标,同时天线与从航天器保持通信.在考虑模型不确定性和外部干扰情况下,基于非奇异终端滑模技术和RBF神经网络,设计了多目标姿态跟踪鲁棒控制器.鲁棒控制器由RBF神经网络和一个自适应控制器组成.自适应控制器用于抵消神经网络的逼近误差和实现期望的控制性能. RBF神经网络用于逼近模型不确定部分与外部干扰力矩,并且根据非奇异终端滑模的有限时间收敛属性,提出了一种RBF网络的在线学习算法,提高了RBF网络的逼近效率.应用Lyapunov稳定性理论,证明了闭环系统稳定性.数值仿真结果表明所设计的控制器对外部干扰与模型不确定具有良好的鲁棒性.     

基于摄动模型的挠性航天器姿态控制系统设计

为了完成挠性航天器高精度姿态控制任务,首先采用摄动法分析了挠性航天器动力学方程,得到相应的0阶和1阶动力学系统.针对0阶非线性时不变系统,同时考虑到转动惯量不确定性和干扰,对已有的非线性直接自适应控制律进行改进,设计PI(Propor-tional-Integral)型参数自适应律,以提高姿态控制精度,同时给出了稳定性证明.针对1阶系统设计PI控制器及PPF(Positive Position Feedback)控制器,以有效抑制挠性结构振动.仿真结果表明,在采用摄动法对动力学方程分析的基础上设计姿态控制系统,可以有效完成挠性航天器高精度姿态控制任务.     

基于迟滞鲁棒性的自动车队队列稳定性控制

基于车辆纵向迟滞动态模型,对自动车队队列稳定性以及控制方法进行分析研究.建立考虑迟滞因素的车辆纵向迟滞动态模型,在此模型的基础上建立基于固定时间间距策略的滑模控制器和比例积分微分(PID,Proportion Integration Differentiation)控制器,然后依据队列稳定性判断准则分别对两种控制器进行队列稳定性分析并分别得到相关的队列稳定性条件.定量比较分析和仿真比较分析结果显示,PID控制器具有更强的迟滞鲁棒性.     

Learning in an immersive digital theater

The Houston Museum of Natural Science, in collaboration with Rice University has an outreach program taking portable digital theaters to schools and community sites for over five years and has conducted research on student learning in this immersive environment. By using an external independent evaluator, the effectiveness of NASA-funded Education and Public Outreach (EPO) projects can be assessed. This paper documents interactive techniques and learning strategies in full-dome digital theaters. The presentation is divided into Evaluation Strategies and Results and Interactivity Strategies and Results. All learners from grades 3–12 showed statistically significant short-term increase in knowledge of basic Earth science concepts after a single 22-min show. Improvements were more significant on items that were taught using more than one modality of instruction: hearing, seeing, discussion, and immersion. Thus immersive theater can be an effective as well as engaging teaching method for Earth and Space science concepts, particularly those that are intrinsically three-dimensional and thus most effectively taught in an immersive environment. The portable system allows taking the educational experience to rural and tribal sites where the underserved students could not afford the time or expense to travel to museums.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Scaling analysis and model estimation of solar corona index

A monthly average solar green coronal index time series for the period from January 1939 to December 2008 collected from NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has been analysed in this paper in perspective of scaling analysis and modelling. Smoothed and de-noising have been done using suitable mother wavelet as a pre-requisite. The Finite Variance Scaling Method (FVSM), Higuchi method, rescaled range (R/S) and a generalized method have been applied to calculate the scaling exponents and fractal dimensions of the time series. Autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find autoregressive (AR) process and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) has been used to get the order of AR model. Finally a best fit model has been proposed using Yule-Walker Method with supporting results of goodness of fit and wavelet spectrum. The results reveal an anti-persistent, Short Range Dependent (SRD), self-similar property with signatures of non-causality, non-stationarity and nonlinearity in the data series. The model shows the best fit to the data under observation.     

Development of a gas chromatography compatible Sample Processing System (SPS) for the in-situ analysis of refractory organic matter in martian soil: preliminary results

In the frame of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission a new sample preparation system (SPS) compatible with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the in situ analysis of complex organic molecules in the Martian soil. The goal is to detect, if they exist, some of the key compounds that play an important role in life on Earth including carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleobases.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

Radioactivity of the Moon and planets

In this report the main results of the study of radioactivity of the solar sistem bodies are considered. The radioactivity of the Moon and planets was measured by means of vehicles in situ. The radioactivity of the lunar samples, brought to the Earth was studied with laboratory equipment.     

Return to Europa: Overview of the Jupiter Europa orbiter mission

Missions to explore Europa have been imagined ever since the Voyager mission first suggested that Europa was geologically very young. Subsequently, the Galileo spacecraft supplied fascinating new insights into this satellite of Jupiter. Now, an international team is proposing a return to the Jupiter system and Europa with the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). Currently, NASA and ESA are designing two orbiters that would explore the Jovian system and then each would settle into orbit around one of Jupiter’s icy satellites, Europa and Ganymede. In addition, the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) is considering a Jupiter magnetospheric orbiter and the Russian Space Agency is investigating a Europa lander.     

基于最小值原理的冗余度机器人动力学控制

为了解冗余度机器人全局法优化中数值求解的困难,本文讨论了动力学方程的建立,无约束和有约束最优控制问题之间的内在联系,重点分析了求解最优控制问题的数值方法,文中提出了双向异步积分迭代的求解正则方程组的直接迭代法,较好解决了状态方程和协态方程稳定相逆给求解两点这值问题带来的困难。     

基于GPS载波相位的微卫星姿态算法研究

GPS姿态系统是利用GPS载波相位测量来确定载体的航向和姿态角。本文对微卫星的GPS姿态系统进行了研究。重点解决短基线的GPS状态算法，讨论了姿态价格函数的了小化方法。测试结果表明，所提的算法对小于1m的基线是有效的。