二维凹槽超声速湍流流动数值模拟

本文采用时间、空间均为二阶精度的NND差分格式,以及Menterk ωSST二方程湍流模型,数值模拟了二维开式凹槽超声速粘性流动。用组分扩散方程计算了凹槽内粒子驻留时间。本文给出了M∞=3,长深比L/D=3,后壁倾斜角为90°和30°两种几何形状凹槽的计算结果,与相应的实验符合甚好。计算亦表明,该模型较高地估计了涡粘性,从而使流动更稳定。     

纵向大扰动方程的变参数型变分裂法

 本文用变参数型变分裂法,解定常跨音速纵向大扰动方程。计算翼型气动力。对变参数型变分裂法以及它的参数选取方法作了必要的介绍。对NACA0012翼型,M_∞=0.8,α_A=0°;M_∞=0.95,α_A=0°;M_∞=0.75,α_A=1°,进行了计算。所得结果与其它结果进行了比较,表明本方法是快速收敛的、可靠的。     

捕捉间断的高精度数值方法

为发展适用于捕捉超声速流场中各种间断的高精度算法,将通量限制的思想引入到紧致格式中,构造了一个传统方法与紧致格式混合组成的通量限制型差分格式.通过在时间方向上利用一阶精度格式计算的一维定常激波,以及在时间方向采用多步Runge-Kutta方法计算的一维非定常激波管问题上的数值试验与二阶精度的TVD格式所计算的结果比较,表明新方法比二阶精度方法在间断的捕捉上具有明显的优势.通过新方法的计算结果与精确解的比较,表明新方法的准度也是非常令人满意的.     

二维激波管有障碍物的激波反射流场计算

本文应用最小耗散的混合格式及MacCormack二阶格式加θq╱2耗散修正格式计算了一维激波管Riemann问题、二维激波管中激波与楔的反射流场。这两个格式的特点是对任何初值其耗散项永远不等于零,因而,计算得到的解为物理解,而且除间断外,均具有一致二阶精度,计算出的单波很精确,并且激波分辨度高。本文计算了楔角θ~*=30°、45°,激波马赫数M_s=5.29、10的情况,给出了流场的非定常过程及流场的自模解,一维结果与Riemann问题理论解、二维结果与实验结果的比较,说明计算是成功的。     

再人体复杂外形无粘流场数值计算研究

本文在文[1,2,3]的基础上研究了非定常Euler方程的推进迭代方法,并将无波动、无自由参数的耗散差分格式(下称NND格式)发展为隐式、迎风格式,用以计算有差曲控制翼的再入复杂飞行器的育攻角、有侧滑角的超声速无粘绕流流场。其结果是准确的。本文的方法具有以下特点: 1.可以在同一计算程序中实现亚跨超流场的计算:在超声速区域,采用推进技术;在亚跨声速区,则自动选择推进迭代求解技术。 2.NND格式不仅具有公式简单,无自由参数的特点,而且过激波时满足熵条件,不会产生非物理解,也不发生振荡。 3.隐式差分格式的无条件稳定和Gauss-Seidel迭代的快速收敛,计算省时。 本文的方法曾用于烧蚀头部凹陷外形和航天飞机简化外形的计算,能自动选择迭代和推进区域。可以预言,如计算机条件许可,本方法可以用于大攻角的无粘流场计算。     

入射激波与飞行器头部激波干扰流场的计算方法

本文论述了入射激波与飞行器头部激波相交后的二维或轴对称干扰流场的计算方法。它是文[3]建立的具有最小耗散系数、保持解的单调性、一阶与二阶自动调节的混合格式的推广。通过对绕楔、球头和锥三种干扰流场的计算表明,本文的方法是可靠的,具有较高的精度,可用于多重间断问题的流场计算。     

NND格式在航天飞机头部段N—S方程求解中的应用

本文采用实质上为二阶精度的无波动、无自由参数的耗散差分格式(NND格式)求解了非定常的二维和三维完全N-S方程,对类似于航天飞机头部外形的超声速粘性气体绕流流场进行了模拟。在计算中,使用了代数网格生成技术,对脱体激波采用了装配法。作为验证算例的二维圆柱绕流计算结果同文献[4]的数据进行了比较。二维凹陷外形绕流的计算结果同无粘流结果进行了对比,由于粘性流动出现了分离,二者的壁面压力是有差异的。最后,对三维外形的绕流也进行了模拟,计算结果提供了流场的细节。     

基于非结构动网格的非定常激波装配法

从ALE方程出发,通过修正体积的新思路构建离散几何守恒律,基于非结构动网格的信息传递方法得到网格重构以后新网格的流场参数,采用一阶格式捕捉法得到的流场确定装配法的初始激波位置,成功地把激波装配法应用到非定常流动的模拟。模拟超声速飞行环境下整流罩分离的非定常流固耦合过程,在马赫数6条件下装配法和捕捉法的计算结果完全一致,随着马赫数增加,二阶精度格式的捕捉法需要进行调整限制器参数、时间步长等人工干预,但是装配法直到马赫数20计算过程没有出现异常。该基于非结构动网格技术的激波装配方法,与传统的激波装配方法相比,能够用于复杂外形产生的非规则形状激波和非定常流动产生的运动激波,解决二阶精度有限体积法用于高马赫数飞行条件下多体分离过程的流动模拟时遇到的稳定性问题。     

底排装置空腔干扰下的火箭燃气流场数值模拟

从二维轴对称Euler方程出发,应用隐式有限体积TVD格式和分区技术数值模拟来流马赫数Ma=2 0,攻角α=0°时超声速绕流与底排装置空腔内的火箭燃气流相互干扰的复杂流场,计算得到了清晰的流场波系结构,包括底排装置空腔中的激波,火箭燃气流在底排装置空腔外底部与外来绕流作用后形成的相交激波、反射激波等,其结果可为底排火箭复合增程弹丸的结构设计和气动特性研究提供理论依据。     

超声速主流中横向喷流干扰流场数值模拟

本文用二阶迎风 TVD格式求解层流 N- S方程 ,数值模拟了超声速主流与横向喷流相互作用复杂干扰流场 ,得到了合理的涡系结构 ,计算波系结构及沿物面压力分布也与实验结果一致。计算还表明 ,TVD格式不但具有较强的捕捉激波的能力 ,而且用来模拟复杂涡系结构也是有效的     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.