进口速度分布对钝体稳定器贫油点熄火性能的影响研究

为了探究燃烧室不均匀进口速度分布对燃烧性能的影响,采用试验的方法,开展了0.101MPa,700K进口条件下四种进口速度分布对钝体稳定器贫油点熄火性能的影响研究,结合流场特性分析了贫油点熄火性能变化的原因,四种进口速度分布依次为:h/H=0,3/6, 4/6和5/6 (其中h为速度峰值距离通道底部的高度,H为试验通道的高度)。结果表明:整体而言,均匀进口贫油点熄火性能优于非均匀进口。当h/H=3/6时,贫油点熄火性能最差;而当h/H=5/6时,贫油点熄火性能最优。随着h/H由3/6增大到5/6时,贫油点火当量比下降7.39%,贫油熄火当量比下降18.45%。当进口速度分布为h/H=0和3/6时,钝体稳定器下游回流区基本对称;而当h/H=4/6和5/6时,钝体下游回流区不对称,且每个涡出现主副双涡心,存在流体由一个涡心向另一个涡心流动的现象。同时,当进口速度分布由h/H=3/6增大到h/H=5/6时,钝体下游回流区变长,其特征长度Lvc_A增大14.56%,Lvc_B增大50.70%。     

强旋-V型钝体组合燃烧装置绕流实验研究

为了探明强旋流对钝体绕流旋涡脱落规律的影响,利用PIV速度场仪和高频动态压力传感器等测量仪器研究了强旋-V型钝体组合稳燃装置中旋流器出口安装位置对旋涡脱落频率和尾流流场的影响规律。实验结果表明,当旋流器出口位置安装在钝体内部时,可获得较小的旋涡脱落频率。随着旋流器安装位置向钝体出口方向逐渐移动时,旋涡脱落频率增大。当旋流器出口置于钝体外部时,将破坏钝体剪切旋涡的几何特征,从而导致钝体旋涡脱落机制的改变。另外,当旋流体积流量控制在一定范围(0~1m~3/h)内,增大旋流流量有助于减小钝体绕流剪切旋涡的脱落频率,对比无旋流时的V型钝体绕流,当旋流流量为1m~3/h时,旋流器出口位置位于钝体尾缘内部1倍开口直径处的V型钝体绕流St数下降幅度最大,约为34.96%。一定范围内的旋流同样有利于扩大回流区,在旋流流量为0.5m~3/h时回流区长度达到最大,约为钝体开口直径的2.3倍。但当旋流体积流量过大时,将导致下游流动恶化,钝体的火焰稳定性能可能会急剧下降。     

折叠V形钝体火焰稳定器原型的稳燃机制研究

为了掌握折叠V形钝体这一新型火焰稳定器的稳燃机制,采用风洞实验与混合雷诺平均/大涡模拟结合的方法对常压条件下10组不同折叠角的折叠V形钝体火焰稳定器原型进行了冷态实验与热态数值模拟研究。其中冷态实验风速10~50m/s,热态数值模拟工况为进气温度700K、来流速度50~150m/s,当量比0.3~1。通过PIV实验测得了折叠V形钝体回流区冷态流动特征,并结合数值模拟方法研究并讨论了折叠V形钝体绕流尾迹区旋涡特征;通过数值模拟研究了燃烧条件下、折叠V形钝体下游槽向驻涡结构发展变化规律。研究初步探明折叠V形钝体总压恢复系数、阻力系数、抗吹熄能力与燃烧效率优于标准钝体的原因,并发现折叠角角度较小的折叠V形钝体,尾迹中心区域无典型回流区,但仍能通过槽向驻涡结构形成驻涡稳燃速度型,该速度型有利于冷态绕流流速的恢复与热态燃气的加速。     

先进旋涡燃烧室后钝体开口结构的数值研究

为了研究不同后钝体开口结构对先进旋涡燃烧室(AVC)流场的影响,分别对不同开口角度和开口尺寸的AVC流场进行了数值模拟。结果表明,后钝体开口比不开口有明显的优势,可通过选择合适的后钝体开口角度和开口尺寸来优化AVC,实现低压降的稳定燃烧。后钝体开口结构AVC可有效提高凹腔温度并使温度分布更加均匀。对于本文AVC结构的后钝体,半开口角度θ为50°,开口尺寸为2mm时,AVC综合性能最佳。     

动态微涡流发生器对激波/边界层干扰的影响研究

本文基于OPENFOAM数值仿真平台,采用动态网格技术和湍流离散涡(DES)模型,研究了微涡流发生器以一定速度向下游移动时,激波/边界层干扰(SWBLI)流场特性的变化,重点关注干扰区域内的流向和展向的流场特性。来流马赫数为4,微涡流发生器向下游移动速度为0m/s,20m/s和40m/s。研究表明：当MVG向下游移动时,SWBLI区域的“弓”形高压区会演化成“双弓”形；入射激波形成高压区的压力明显降低,同时,入射激波和反射激波形成高压区的峰值位置均会向下游移动；流场下游 “双圆弧”状高压区的高度逐渐降低；SWBLI区域边界层的高度逐渐降低,同时边界层底部的速度也有所降低；随着MVG移动速度的增加,对SWBLI流场的控制效果更加明显；动态MVG对流场的控制是通过尾迹涡和波系结构实现的。     

煤油燃料超燃冲压发动机燃烧特性实验研究

为研究空气节流时序对超燃冲压发动机点火和火焰稳定的影响,本文通过实验方法研究了13个状态的煤油燃料超燃冲压发动机的燃烧特性,煤油燃烧通过先锋氢气和节流空气增强稳定性。通过两个固定位置的压力传感器来监测火焰稳定状态,采用纹影和OH-PLIF相结合的测量手段,获得了流场结构和火焰发展信息。发动机入口来流条件为Ma = 2.0,总温950 K,总压0.82 MPa。在空气节流的作用下,煤油被先锋火焰引燃;在先锋氢撤除后,煤油仍然可以稳定燃烧。在扩张段中,空气节流和燃烧共同作用产生的激波串移动速度约为52 m/s,但在凹槽内其速度仅为3.7 m/s。通过监测点压力变化情况可以区分所研究状态的火焰稳定与否,通过对13个研究状态的考察,获得了火焰稳定临界曲线。当所研究状态点在临界曲线右上方区域时,火焰状态稳定;当所研究状态点在临界曲线左下方区域时,火焰将被吹熄;当所研究状态点在临界曲线上时,火焰不稳定,在空气节流撤除之前将被吹熄。     

基于先锋氢点火和双凹腔火焰稳定的煤油超声速燃烧特性

采用先锋氢火焰点火方式和串联双凹腔火焰稳定机制,开展了模拟飞行马赫数4.0纯净空气条件下液态煤油燃料超声速点火、火焰稳定和燃烧特性的试验研究。典型的燃烧室进口来流状态为马赫数2.0,总温约815K,总压700～800kPa。试验中上游凹腔采用喷油/点火一体化设计并几何结构保持恒定,分别研究了下游凹腔深度10mm,12.5mm和15mm时对煤油超声速点火、火焰稳定和燃烧特性的影响;此外,通过串联双凹腔沿轴向后移及间距拉大,研究了其对煤油超声速燃烧特性的影响。试验结果表明:(1)采用先锋氢辅以火花塞点火方式可以可靠实现煤油燃料超声速点火,并最终实现自持稳定燃烧。(2)下游凹腔起到了很好的火焰稳定器作用,增大凹腔深度可以有效地增强火焰稳定性能,同时扩展火焰稳定的油气比范围。(3)双凹腔后移使得主燃烧区向下游移动,在相同油气比条件下有效缓解燃烧诱导压升对上游隔离段的扰动。     

受限空间预混钝体稳定与抬升火焰激光诊断

在受限空间预混钝体燃烧器中,利用OH-PLIF （平面激光诱导荧光）、PIV （粒子图像测速）和瑞利散射测温技术实验研究了火焰结构、流场和温度场之间的相互影响关系。对比分析了贫燃稳定与富燃抬升状态下甲烷/空气预混火焰的燃烧场特性。实验结果表明：火焰结构、流场和温度场分布之间均存在直接联系。贫燃（当量比为0.8）火焰钝体上方为膨胀的高温低速回流区,利于火焰维持稳定;富燃（当量比为1.2）火焰倾向在受限空间出口与外界空气卷吸后着火,其钝体上方为类似冷态的低速低温回流区,无法点燃混合气,因而形成抬升火焰。分析各场局部分布信息获得火焰场间相互依赖规律：钝体火焰中,高温和低速对应已燃区,低温和高速对应未燃区。     

特型钝体绕流动态特性的低速实验研究

在低速自由射流风洞上 ,利用热线及相关设备对由半球头部、颈部及旋成体构成的特型钝体周围非定常流动的基本特性、联合特性及湍流度分布进行了测试与分析 ,实验工况为迎角α=- 1 5°～ 1 5°、侧滑角 β =0°～ 1 0°。结果表明 ,在上述工况范围内 ,该钝体周围流场中速度脉动的能量分布平坦 ,属宽频带随机信号 ,流场中没有发生明显的流动分离 ,流场动态品质良好 ;凹陷区内气流的脉动以不同的速度向下游空间传播 ;在上述α、β变化范围内 ,钝体颈部凹陷区的最大湍流度高达 1 0 .9～ 2 4.8%。     

钝体头部边界层特征谱分析和转捩途径预测

利用线性稳定性理论,分别对钝头体高超声速绕流边界层中的亚声速区域、跨声速区域和超声速区域的特征谱进行了系统分析.结果表明,根据线性稳定性理论,所分析的各速度范围流场,对所有单频波的扰动都是稳定的.但随速度的增加,稳定波的衰减率越来越低;随激波到物面距离的增加,s族扰动波相速度的实部向无量纲速度1靠拢,说明头部主激波的作用在一定意义上与平面槽道流动的上壁面相似;研究工作还表明,流场中存在着低衰减率扰动波,且无论那个速度范围内的流场,其最低衰减率扰动波的相速度实部都在0.7左右.根据钝头体特征谱分析,本文可能发生的"bypass"型转捩机理进行了理论分析,提出了几条可能的"bypass"型转捩途径.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.