螺旋桨滑流与机翼气动干扰的非定常数值模拟

基于动态面搭接网格,求解非定常雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程模拟螺旋桨滑流与机翼的干扰流动.分别对3种构型,即:单独螺旋桨十短舱构型、螺旋桨十短舱十机翼构型以及短舱十机翼构型进行流场数值模拟,对比分析了机翼对螺旋桨滑流流动结构的干扰,在滑流作用下机翼气动特性的改变以及机翼对螺旋桨桨叶气动力的影响.模拟结果表明:...     

转轴位置对俯仰动态特性的影响

研究了转轴位置对机翼、机身和三个组合体上翼面的动态特性的影响，对于机翼和机身，当转轴位置后移时其动态迟滞效应更为强烈。当翼面处于转轴之前，上仰时会出现更为的动态迟滞效应。因此鸭翼达到失速状态较晚。而当翼面处于转轴之后时，如尾翼，将会更早地出现动失速，转轴位置对动态迟滞特性的影响可以认为主要是由于俯仰运动时的动态洗流影响所导致的实际有效迎角的变化。由此影响了动态分离涡及其发展。     

湿空气凝结对ONERA M6机翼气动特性影响的数值研究

大气飞行条件下机翼附近的跨声速湿空气流动中空气中含有的水蒸汽可能越过饱和线而发生非平衡凝结。水蒸汽凝结潜热加热气流会改变跨声速流动的特性,从而对机翼气动特性造成显著影响。本文建立了湿空气非平衡凝结流动的数学物理模型,对ONERA M6机翼在跨声速条件下的湿空气非平衡凝结流动进行了分析。结果表明,与干空气流动相比,在攻角为3.06°和空气相对湿度为50%时,ONERA M6机翼表面压力系数有显著变化。造成机翼气动特性显著变化的原因在于:湿空气中水蒸汽凝结放热对跨声速气流加热,导致机翼表面附近的流速、压力与流场结构发生了显著变化。     

喷流流动控制增升效应数值模拟

飞机的增升系统是影响其起降性的重要因素,为了研究飞机下表面喷流流动控制增升效应,采用数值模拟方法与结构网格求解不可压Navier-Stokes方程,对NACA0012翼型和机翼进行研究。通过改变喷气口的参数来研究其对翼型和机翼气动特性的影响。对于翼型,主要研究喷气口速度和位置对翼型气动特性的影响;对于机翼,主要研究喷气口区域沿展向分布和喷气速度对机翼气动特性和能量利用率的影响。计算结果表明:采用喷气控制可以获得较好的气动特性,增升效果也比较明显,控制效果和上述几个参数均有一定关系。本次研究为机翼喷气口设计以及机翼局部喷气控制展向分布的选取提供了依据。     

有限翼展机翼失速特性控制研究

针对有限翼展机翼大迎角下的流动分离情况,研究了一种新型流动控制技术———流动偏转器。通过风洞实验和数值计算相结合的方法,既验证了计算的准确性,又阐述了流动偏转器可改善机翼大迎角失速特性的作用。通过对流动方向变化规律和翼面边界层的深入研究,探寻了流动偏转器的控制原理:使来流向机翼吸力面偏转;削弱机翼前缘附近流动的三维效应使流动趋近二元化;使边界层内速度型变得饱满,减小速度型形状因子H12,增大速度型的稳定性,抑制流动分离。     

气动悬浮列车单向翼翼型优化与地面效应分析

高速气动悬浮列车(Aero-train)是一种利用机翼地面效应原理的创新型高效高速低能耗高速列车。本文以LA203A为基础翼型,利用遗传算法与数值模拟的方法对基础翼型进行气动优化设计。通过对优化翼型的地面效应模拟分析,得出优化后的翼型其气动特性有明显改善,并由此得出气动悬浮列车单向翼离地间隙、迎角与阻力、升力、升阻比之间的关系。利用CFD技术对安装有基础机翼和优化后机翼的气动悬浮列车初始研究模型(AERO-1)整车气动特性进行数值模拟以及分析前后端机翼的流场特性,并利用风洞实验方法对装有优化机翼的气动悬浮列车初始研究模型(AERO-1)气动特性进行研究。利用遗传算法优化后机翼翼型升阻比特性较基础翼型最高提升26%,具备优化机翼的气动悬浮列车(AERO-1)在地面效应下的气动特性优于原始模型。本文研究为机翼地面效应分析以及气动悬浮列车研究提供理论依据。     

Z型翼变体飞机的纵向多体动力学特性

机翼变形时,变体飞机的翼面积、惯性特性、全机焦点和重心位置等均会发生较大的变化,从而引起飞机的动态特性也随之改变。为此对机翼变形过程中的Z型翼变体飞机进行了纵向多体动力学建模仿真;推导了变形过程中变体飞机的六自由度非线性动力学方程,并通过简化得到了解耦后的纵向动力学方程。机翼折叠动态过程的气动特性数值模拟结果表明,不同折叠角速度下飞机的气动力相差不大。在机翼折叠角速度较小且忽略非定常气动效应的情况下,采用气动力准定常假设对变形过程中不同机翼折叠角速度下变体飞机的纵向响应进行了数值仿真,并研究了重心位置移动和气动特性变化对飞机变形过程动态特性的影响规律。结果表明,折叠过程中气动特性的变化是影响飞机动态特性的主要因素,机翼折叠后飞机的速度和迎角增加,且飞行高度下降较大。     

机翼动态气动特性实验研究

介绍了动态特性风洞实验的技术方案、测试系统和测试软件。对前缘后掠６０°的三角翼在迎角０°～９０°范围内快速上仰时的升力进行了测量。结果表明：机翼快速上仰时,随上仰速率增大最大升力系数增高,即动态升力效应更明显;失速迎角也增大。此外,给出了简缩频率、平均迎角、振荡振幅以及俯仰轴位置等对振荡机翼产生的非定常瞬时力的影响     

前/后掠机翼气动特性对比分析

基于NACA0012对称翼型设计了前掠机翼、后掠机翼和平直机翼,采用CFD方法计算了3种机翼的升力系数、阻力系数和俯仰力矩系数,通过压力云图和流线图分析了3种机翼的气动特性及流动机理。研究结果表明:前掠机翼上表面的流动是由翼尖流向翼根,翼根首先出现分离,而后掠机翼上表面的流动是由翼根流向翼尖,翼尖首先出现分离,平直机翼由于受翼尖涡的下洗影响,翼根首先出现分离;在30°斜掠角下,前掠机翼形成了机翼前缘涡,表现出旋涡流态气动特性。研究结果揭示了不同机翼之间的流动差异,有助于在飞行器设计过程中选择合适的气动布局。     

地面效应下的机翼失速数值模拟

采用计算流体力学的方法,对NACA0012二维翼型、三维机翼和带端板机翼在地面效应下的失速特性进行了数值模拟。通过对数值模拟结果的比较分析,揭示了地面效应下机翼的失速特性。研究结果为地效飞行器机翼的设计与优化提供了理论依据。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.