雷诺应力模型在三维湍流流场计算中的应用

从雷诺应力模型出发,通过求解雷诺平均N-S方程组获得三维湍流流场的数值解。计算中比较了多种湍流模式,并进行了相应的流场计算。本文完成了两个典型算例。从算例1的计算结果与实验值比较中发现:采用雷诺应力模型(RSM)计算的三维流场比采用k-ε模型更贴近实验值;算例2采用了RSM模型及三维非结构网格,对一典型内流问题进行了三维流场计算。算例的数值实践表明:采用雷诺应力模型可以有效的计算各向异性的湍流流场;另外,发展非结构网格有助于模拟壁面附近的流动,并节省计算机内存。      

多点喷射模型燃烧室性能CFD分析

采用Fluent的雷诺应力模型、非预混燃烧和非预混平衡化学反应PDF模型、压力-旋流雾化喷嘴模型、P1辐射模型,对多点喷射模型燃烧室的燃烧性能进行了计算。分析了不同余气系数的影响及旋流器下游各截面的温度分布,结果表明,数值计算能够模拟大部分流场结构,余气系数对回流区几乎没有影响,但对主燃区的峰值温度位置有明显作用;对NOx分布规律进行了研究,结果表明,NO的分布与温度分布类似,高温区对应高NO质量分数区;随着流动向下游发展,NO分布趋于均匀。     

Magnetosphere–Ionosphere Convection as a Compound System

Convection is the most fundamental process in understanding the structure of geospace and disturbances observed in the magnetosphere–ionosphere (M–I) system. In this paper, a self-consistent configuration of the global convection system is considered under the real topology as a compound system. Investigations are made based on the M–I coupling scheme by analyzing numerical results obtained from magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations which guarantee the self-consistency in the whole system under the Bv (magnetic field and velocity) paradigm. It is emphasized in the M–I coupling scheme that convection and field-aligned current (FAC) are different aspects of same physical process characterizing the open magnetosphere. Special attention is given in this paper to the energy supplying (dynamo) process that drives the FAC system. In the convection system, the dynamo must be constructed from shear motion together with plasma population regimes to steadily drive the convection. Convection patterns observed in the ionosphere are also the manifestation of achievement in global self-consistency. A primary approach to apply these concepts to the study of geospace is to consider how the M–I system adjusts the relative motion between the compressible magnetosphere and the incompressible ionosphere when responding to given solar-wind conditions. The above principle is also applicable for the study of disturbance phenomena such as the substorm as well as for the study of apparently unique processes such as the flux transfer event (FTE), the sudden commencement (SC), and the theta aurora. Finally, an attempt is made to understand the substorm as the extension of enhanced convection under the southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) condition.     

混料线性对数比模型的D-最优试验设计

混料问题我们可以在医药、化工、农业等诸多领域中经常遇到。对于该问题在1984年由Aitcison和Bacon-Shone提出了线性对数比模型。针对设计空间为的线性对数比模型，已有D-最优设计的分析形式的解并由关颖男教授给出了A-最优设计。作者针对另一个设计空间的混料线性对数比模型，给出了D-最优设计以及最优配置件。并利用D-最优准则讨论了该线性对数比模型的最优解是在Z集合的顶点处取得。     

Steady magnetospheric convection: A review of recent results

Theoretical pressure balance arguments have implied that steady convection is hardly possible in the terrestrial magnetotail and that steady energy input necessarily generates a cyclic loading-unloading sequence, i.e., repetitive substorms. However, observations have revealed that enhanced solar wind energy input to the magnetospheric system may either lead to substorm activity or enhanced but steady convection. This topic is reviewed with emphasis on several recent case studies of the Steady Magnetospheric Convection (SMC) events. In these cases extensive data sets from both satellite and ground-based instruments from various magnetospheric and ionospheric regions were available.Accurate distinction of the spatial and temporal scales of the magnetospheric processes is vital for correct interpretation of the observations during SMC periods. We show that on the large scale, the magnetospheric configuration and plasma convection are stable during SMC events, but that both reveal considerable differences from their quiet-time assemblies. On a shorter time scale, there are numerous transient activations which are similar to those found during substorms, but which presumably originate from a more distant tail reconnection process, and map to the poleward boundary of the auroral oval. The available observations and the unresolved questions are summarized here.The tail magnetic field during SMC events resembles both substorm growth and recovery phases in the neartail and midtail, respectively, but this configuration may remain stable for up to ten hours. Based on observations and model results we discuss how the magnetospheric system avoids pressure balance problems when the plasma convects earthward.Finally, the importance of further coordinated studies of SMC events is emphasized. Such studies may shed more light on the substorm dynamics and help to verify quantitatively the theoretical models of the convecting magnetosphere.     

燃烧室中湍流涡旋流动的数值模拟

ＡＳＭ也进行了研究。研究的流场包括有约束的和自由的强涡旋流动。研究结果表明,二阶矩封闭模式在计算强涡旋湍流流动中很有效,代数模式则不能令人满意。计算结果可供燃烧室设计参考。     

OpenGGCM Simulations for the THEMIS Mission

The THEMIS mission provides unprecedented multi-point observations of the magnetosphere in conjunction with an equally unprecedented dense network of ground measurements. However, coverage of the magnetosphere is still sparse. In order to tie together the THEMIS observations and to understand the data better, we will use the Open Geospace General Circulation Model (OpenGGCM), a global model of the magnetosphere-ionosphere system. OpenGGCM solves the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations in the outer magnetosphere and couples via field aligned current (FAC), electric potential, and electron precipitation to a ionosphere potential solver and the Coupled Thermosphere Ionosphere Model (CTIM). The OpenGGCM thus provides a global comprehensive view of the magnetosphere-ionosphere system. An OpenGGCM simulation of one of the first substorms observed by THEMIS on 23 March 2007 shows that the OpenGGCM reproduces the observed substorm signatures very well, thus laying the groundwork for future use of the OpenGGCM to aid in understanding THEMIS data and ultimately contributing to a comprehensive model of the substorm process.     

Theoretical aerothermal concepts for configuration design of hypersonic vehicles

Convection coefficients and heat fluxes due to aerodynamic heating on critical surfaces of hypersonic vehicle are obtained analytically. The applicability of recovery temperature for stagnation regions is discussed. Convection coefficient for the bicurvature forward stagnation region is obtained directly from 2-D stagnation region correlation, using the two principal radii of curvatures. Convective heat flux to swept-back leading edge (SBLE) surface is obtained from the 2-D stagnation region and flat plate heat fluxes, using the respective velocity vector components. Results reveal the concepts of temperature-minimised-sweepback, and the thermally-benign sharp SBLE effect at high sweepback angles.     

飞机RCM维修方式改革

就如何进行飞机维修方式改革,介绍了 RCM 的定义和基本情况、飞机 RCM 维修体系资料编制方法和内容、RCM 在国际上的推广和应用,并结合实践经验就飞机维修方式改革及RCM 维修体系资料编制方法和内容进行了论述。     

模型驱动设计方法在显控系统软件中的应用

本文介绍了应用Rhapsody支持的模型化设计方法进行显控系统的软件设计,在PC视窗环境下运用OpenGL显示图像。该技术可用于显控系统软件设计方法的提升,也可用于型号显控系统的前期论证演示。     

人体着装热平衡方程

给出了人体代谢量及人体与环境换热量的计算方法。并重点讨论了人体着装与环境的对流换热、辐射换热、皮肤蒸发换热。该法简单易行,可用于评价环境及一些服装的舒适性。     

复合激磁磁系统三维有限元分析及其对场-路模型的修正

 具有轴向和径向复合激磁的复杂磁系统在航空和地面电机电器中应用甚广。本文采用假想磁荷——单标量位模型提供了该类非线性各向异性场的三维有限元解法。从工程应用的目的出发,考虑磁场沿轴向的变化,对现有的场-路结合模型提出了修正。     

The gravitational potential for a moving observer, the perihelionshift of Mercury, and photon deflection

Acceptance of Einstein's second postulate, combined with the Principle of Equivalence, requires the introduction of space-time curvature in the presence of massive objects. In this paper, it has been demonstrated that the radiation continuum model (RCM) of light results in a modification to Newton's static gravitational potential. Applying this modified potential to the case of Mercury's anomalous perihelion advance accounts for the entire 43" per century, and provides a form equivalent to that of GRT. Thus, this model will work equally well for any system to which it is applied, all without resorting to the space-time curvature of GRT. The same potential, applied to the problem of a solar grazing photon, gives a solution identical in form and content to that of GRT as well. Such results lead to the conclusion that these effects are not attributable to massive objects curving space-time     

Coupling from the Photosphere to the Chromosphere and the Corona

The atmosphere of the Sun is characterized by a complex interplay of competing physical processes: convection, radiation, conduction, and magnetic fields. The most obvious imprint of the solar convection and its overshooting in the low atmosphere is the granulation pattern. Beside this dominating scale there is a more or less smooth distribution of spatial scales, both towards smaller and larger scales, making the Sun essentially a multi-scale object. Convection and overshooting give the photosphere its face but also act as drivers for the layers above, namely the chromosphere and corona. The magnetic field configuration effectively couples the atmospheric layers on a multitude of spatial scales, for instance in the form of loops that are anchored in the convection zone and continue through the atmosphere up into the chromosphere and corona. The magnetic field is also an important structuring agent for the small, granulation-size scales, although (hydrodynamic) shock waves also play an important role—especially in the internetwork atmosphere where mostly weak fields prevail. Based on recent results from observations and numerical simulations, we attempt to present a comprehensive picture of the atmosphere of the quiet Sun as a highly intermittent and dynamic system.     

Geomagnetic Core Field Secular Variation Models

We analyse models describing time changes of the Earth’s core magnetic field (secular variation) covering the historical period (several centuries) and the more recent satellite era (previous decade), and we illustrate how both the information contained in the data and the a priori information (regularisation) affect the result of the ill-posed geomagnetic inverse problem. We show how data quality, frequency and selection procedures govern part of the temporal changes in the secular variation norms and spectra, which are sometimes difficult to dissociate from true changes of the core state. We highlight the difficulty of resolving the time variability of the high degree secular variation coefficients (i.e. the secular acceleration), arising for instance from the challenge to properly separate sources of internal and of external origin. In addition, the regularisation process may also result in artificial changes in the model norms and spectra. Model users should keep in mind that such features can be mis-interpreted as the signature of physical mechanisms (e.g. diffusion). Finally, we present perspectives concerning core field modelling: imposing dynamical constraints (e.g. by means of data assimilation) reduces the non-uniqueness of the geomagnetic inverse problem.     

Large eddy simulation of hydrogen/air scramjet combustion using tabulated thermo-chemistry approach

Large eddy simulations(LES) have been performed to investigate the flow and combustion fields in the scramjet of the German Aerospace Center(DLR). Turbulent combustion is modeled by the tabulated thermo-chemistry approach in combination with the presumed probability density function(PDF). A b-function is used to model the distribution of the mixture fraction, while two different PDFs, d-function(Model I) and b-function(Model II), are applied to model the reaction progress. Temperature is obtained by solving filtered energy transport equation and the reaction rate of the progress variable is rescaled by pressure to consider the effects of compressibility. The adaptive mesh refinement(AMR) technique is used to properly capture shock waves,boundary layers, shear layers and flame structures. Statistical results of temperature and velocity predicted by Model II show better accuracy than that predicted by Model I. The results of scatter points and mixture fraction-conditional variables indicate the significant differences between Model I and Model II. It is concluded that second moment information in the presumed PDF of the reaction progress is very important in the simulation of supersonic combustion. It is also found that an unstable flame with extinction and ignition develops in the shear layers of bluff body and a fuelrich partially premixed flame stabilizes in the central recirculation bubble.     

基于MBSE的月球科研站任务分析

月球探测在完成“绕落回”三步走后，从单点短期探测向建设月面基础设施的月球科研站长期探测转变，给月球探测任务的规划论证、总体设计、系统研制和在轨探测等提出了更高要求。本文采用基于模型的系统工程（MBSE）思想，提出适宜的基于模型的月球科研站系统分析正向流程，以系统模型作为载体依次深入剖析任务总体、任务使命需求和任务应用场景。通过开展基于模型的月球科研站任务分析，初步实现了月球科研站任务分析过程正向化、设计要素定义全量化、设计要素之间的关联表达显性化、月球科研站工程总体单位下发的研制要求有源化。     

Wide-range model predictive control for aero-engine transient state

To perform transient state control of an aero-engine, a structure that combines linear controller and min–max selector is widely adopted, which is inherently conservative and therefore limits the fulfillment of the engine potential. Model predictive control is a new control method that has vast application prospects in the field of aero-engine control. Therefore, this paper proposes a wide-range model predictive controller that can control the engine over a wide range within the flight envelope....     

固体火箭发动机壳体及喷管模态分析

发动机模态参数是检验发动机有限元动力模型、进行振动响应分析的基本数据.本文选用锥壳单元,介绍了轴对称旋转壳模态分析方法.计算了发动机壳体和喷管的固有频率和振型,并与实验结果进行了对比分析.     

加力燃烧室三维两相化学反应流数值模拟

利用FLUENT软件对某型发动机加力燃烧室进行了三维两相化学反应流的数值计算;应用有限速率化学反应模型和离散相雾化模型描述了加力燃烧室中复杂的三维两相化学反应过程。计算中给出了冷热态的流场变量和化学组分分布,以及燃烧效率和总压恢复系数沿流程的变化关系,与试验结果符合较好。