Design of Electrical/Mechanical Hybrid 4-Redundancy Brushless DC Torque Motor

This article presents a novel electrical/mechanical hybrid 4-redundancy brushless DC torque motor (BLDCM), which has found applications in direct drive actuators (DDA) of aerial vehicles. This motor is characteristic of electrical/mechanical hybrid 4-redundancy by securing two stators along with two rotors on the same shaft. Each stator contains two sets of windings embedded in separated slots. Furthermore, compared to the scheme of two electrical dual-redundancy BLDCMs linked by a mechanical transmission, the proposed motor has lower volume and lighter weight, eliminates the nonlinearity caused by the gap of the mechanical transmission, moderates the requirement for the torque balance between redundancies and reduces the cogging torque by shifting the magnets. Both magnetic circuit calculation and the finite element analysis (FEA) of the electromagnetic field are conducted to optimize the design process. A prototype motor has been produced and tested. The results indicate that its performances comply with the requirements presented by designers. Moreover, the position frequency response of the prototype in the DDA's unloaded situation has also demonstrated the fulfillment of desired dynamic characteristics.     

电气/机械混合四余度无刷直流力矩电动机绕组短路分析

研究了绕组短路故障对直接驱动作动器(DDA)用电气/机械混合四余度无刷直流力矩电动机(BLDCTM)性能的影响。基于电气/机械混合四余度BLDCTM的数学模型,分析了短路故障对电机电气参数造成的影响,并且建立了绕组匝间短路和相间短路这两种短路形式下的等效电路模型。电机系统的仿真结果表明,本文所采用的低转速电气/机械混合四余度BLDCTM某一相绕组出现匝间短路或某余度的两相绕组出现相间短路时,DDA系统依然可以正常运行。电气/机械混合四余度BLDCTM完全可以克服绕组短路故障的影响,提高了DDA系统的可靠性。     

开关磁阻电机及控制系统仿真与建模

开关磁阻电机(SRM)应用广泛,但由于电机内部磁场的非线性和相电流难以解析等问题,因此高精确度的建模和仿真较为困难。电机及驱动系统建模的研究直接影响到电机的优化设计、动静态性能分析、控制策略的评估等。为此,介绍了一种SRM及控制系统的建模方法,利用Flux有限元软件搭建的电机本体模型与MATLAB搭建的控制系统进行联合仿真。通过试验,测得电机在不同运行状态下的电流波形,并与仿真结果比较。结果表明:不同控制方式下的电流波形与仿真结果一致,是一种行之有效的建模手段。     

DDV作动器余度数字伺服系统工程设计与实现

 介绍一种直接驱动阀（DDV）式作动器的余度数字式伺服系统设计与实现,描述了系统的余度配置、设计思想及组成,建立了DDV作动器的结构参数化模型及数字伺服回路的模型,并进行了仿真,分析了作动器动静态特性、采样频率及监控器的设计性能。最后,采用快速原型实时仿真,对余度数字式伺服系统完成了的性能试验验证,结果表明系统性能令人满意。     

具有高精度的永磁容错电机非线性电感分析及其解析式求取

 以六相十极永磁容错电机（FTPMM）为例,通过对电机中磁力线分布的分析,得出FTPMM绕组自感的各个主要组成部分,即激磁感、谐波漏感、槽口漏感和槽内漏感,并分析出FTPMM的大电感是通过增加槽口漏感和谐波漏感来实现的。为提高电机优化设计的正确性,提出了新的磁路模型,并引入槽口磁压降参数和槽口计算厚度参数,得出了具有高精度的非线性绕组自感及其组成部分的解析式。最后通过有限元法(FEM)及实验验证,该解析式的精度在13%以内,并且电机具有很强的容错能力,对永磁容错电机的优化设计和性能分析有理论指导意义。     

Design and implementation of a matrix converter PMSM drive without a shaft sensor

A novel controller design for a sensorless permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive system, which is fed by a matrix converter is proposed. First, a rotor position estimating technique is proposed to obtain the shaft angle of the motor. Next, a two-degree-of-freedom proportional-integral (PI) controller, including a forward-loop controller and a load compensator, is proposed to improve the performance of the system. The whole drive system has satisfactory transient responses and load disturbance rejection abilities. In addition, the parameters of the PI controller are calculated by using a frequency-domain parameter optimization technique. Only simple algebraic computation is required. Finally, a 32-bit TMS320C40 digital signal processor is used to execute the sensorless technique and all of the control loops, including a current-loop and a speed-loop. Several simulated and experimental results are shown to validate the theoretical analysis.     

Uncertainty analysis and design optimization of hybrid rocket motor powered vehicle for suborbital flight

In this paper, we propose an uncertainty analysis and design optimization method and its applications on a hybrid rocket motor(HRM) powered vehicle. The multidisciplinary design model of the rocket system is established and the design uncertainties are quantified. The sensitivity analysis of the uncertainties shows that the uncertainty generated from the error of fuel regression rate model has the most significant effect on the system performances. Then the differences between deterministic design optimization(DDO) and uncertainty-based design optimization(UDO) are discussed. Two newly formed uncertainty analysis methods, including the Kriging-based Monte Carlo simulation(KMCS) and Kriging-based Taylor series approximation(KTSA), are carried out using a global approximation Kriging modeling method. Based on the system design model and the results of design uncertainty analysis, the design optimization of an HRM powered vehicle for suborbital flight is implemented using three design optimization methods: DDO, KMCS and KTSA. The comparisons indicate that the two UDO methods can enhance the design reliability and robustness. The researches and methods proposed in this paper can provide a better way for the general design of HRM powered vehicles.In this paper,we propose an uncertainty analysis and design optimization method and its applications on a hybrid rocket motor(HRM)powered vehicle.The multidisciplinary design model of the rocket system is established and the design uncertainties are quantified.The sensitivity analysis of the uncertainties shows that the uncertainty generated from the error of fuel regression rate model has the most significant effect on the system performances.Then the differences between deterministic design optimization(DDO)and uncertainty-based design optimization(UDO)are discussed.Two newly formed uncertainty analysis methods,including the Kriging-based Monte Carlo simulation(KMCS)and Kriging-based Taylor series approximation(KTSA),are carried out using a global approximation Kriging modeling method.Based on the system design model and the results of design uncertainty analysis,the design optimization of an HRM powered vehicle for suborbital flight is implemented using three design optimization methods:DDO,KMCS and KTSA.The comparisons indicate that the two UDO methods can enhance the design reliability and robustness.The researches and methods proposed in this paper can provide a better way for the general design of HRM powered vehicles.     

U型无铁心永磁同步直线电机磁场建模与分析

传统的铁心式直线电机由于铁心开断的影响,造成了横向和纵向边端效应,使推力输出波动较大;无铁心永磁直线电机具有零齿槽效应的优点,结构简单,控制灵活。采用两种解析法求解无铁心永磁同步直线电机气隙磁场的问题,即等效磁势法和等效磁化电流法,同时采用有限元法对电机磁场进行有限元分析,验证解析法磁场解析计算的准确性。最后分析电机主要尺寸对气隙磁场的影响。通过改变电机参数,进行了优化设计,为同类电机的设计与分析提供了参考。     

涡轮叶片流固耦合协作优化方法

针对结构和流场相互影响的流固耦合多学科设计问题,提出一种耦合量曲面拟合的协作优化方法。其特点是用曲面函数拟合结构-流场界面耦合量(温度、气压和变形)的空间分布,并用曲面拟合参数的一致性代替原有耦合量界面分布的学科一致性。涡轮叶片的算例表明:曲面拟合函数可以表征结构和流场界面的耦合量;用拟合参数的一致性代替界面直接耦合是可行的;该协作优化方法是可以用来解决流固耦合多学科优化设计问题的。     

Hybrid uncertainty-based design optimization and its application to hybrid rocket motors for manned lunar landing

Design reliability and robustness are getting increasingly important for the general design of aerospace systems with many inherently uncertain design parameters. This paper presents a hybrid uncertainty-based design optimization (UDO) method developed from probability theory and interval theory. Most of the uncertain design parameters which have sufficient information or experimental data are classified as random variables using probability theory, while the others are defined as interval variables with interval theory. Then a hybrid uncertainty analysis method based on Monte Carlo simulation and Taylor series interval analysis is developed to obtain the uncer-tainty propagation from the design parameters to system responses. Three design optimization strategies, including deterministic design optimization (DDO), probabilistic UDO and hybrid UDO, are applied to the conceptual design of a hybrid rocket motor (HRM) used as the ascent propulsion system in Apollo lunar module. By comparison, the hybrid UDO is a feasible method and can be effectively applied to the general design of aerospace systems.     

超磁致伸缩执行器驱动的射流伺服阀参数优化

为提高射流伺服阀的性能,提出了一种超磁致伸缩执行器驱动的直动式射流伺服阀.采用磁场有限元分析的方法,建立了超磁致伸缩执行器输出电流与输出位移的关系,分析了线圈结构对其输出位移的影响,并给出了所设计执行器的实验曲线.结合所设计的射流伺服阀的特点,以能量传递效率最大为优化目标,建立了射流结构与射流效率的关系方程,求出了所设...     

基于模型预测控制的永磁同步电机电流控制技术综述

永磁同步电机(PMSM)驱动控制技术的性能直接决定着整个电机驱动系统的性能。由于模型预测控制(MPC)技术可以对多输入多输出(MIMO)系统进行滚动优化控制,且容易施加约束,因此基于MPC的电机驱动技术正逐渐受到关注。回顾并总结了近年来国内外学者在基于MPC的PMSM电流控制方面所做的研究,并对现有技术中的基于单矢量、双矢量以及三矢量的电流控制技术进行了建模并进行了电流输出波形分析。最后综合比较了现有技术的优缺点,并讨论了现有技术尚存的一些问题和未来发展的主要方向。     

大型客机维修成本优化研究

在设计初期通过加强可靠性设计与维修性设计降低大型客机直接维修成本(DMC),是提高大型客机经济性的有效途径。本文建立了基于可靠性设计参数和维修性设计参数的大型客机维修成本模型,采用协同优化方法对可靠性和维修性设计参数进行协同优化,寻求降低维修成本的满意设计参数。通过对维修成本模型中的设计参数的优化,给出了协同优化方法进行复杂的大型客机维修成本设计优化的一般思路。并用大型客机起落架系统的直接维修成本优化算例验证了协同优化算法解决大型客机维修成本优化问题的有效性。     

Aerodynamic multi-objective integrated optimization based on principal component analysis

Based on improved multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm with principal component analysis (PCA) methodology,an efficient high-dimension multiobjective optimization method is proposed,which,as the purpose of this paper,aims to improve the convergence of Pareto front in multi-objective optimization design.The mathematical efficiency,the physical reasonableness and the reliability in dealing with redundant objectives of PCA are verified by typical DTLZ5 test function and multi-objective correlation analysis of supercritical airfoil,and the proposed method is integrated into aircraft multi-disciplinary design (AMDEsign) platform,which contains aerodynamics,stealth and structure weight analysis and optimization module.Then the proposed method is used for the multi-point integrated aerodynamic optimization of a wide-body passenger aircraft,in which the redundant objectives identified by PCA are transformed to optimization constraints,and several design methods are compared.The design results illustrate that the strategy used in this paper is sufficient and multi-point design requirements of the passenger aircraft are reached.The visualization level of non-dominant Pareto set is improved by effectively reducing the dimension without losing the primary feature of the problem.     

余度设计中的系统可靠性最优分配模型

将任务可靠度、基本可靠度均作为系统可靠性优化设计的边界约束,并将系统研制费用视为目标函数,建立了一新的系统可靠性最优分配模型,利用该模型设计出的系统在研制费用最少的情况下,任务可靠度与基本可靠度均达到设计要求。此外,还分别建立了串—并联和并—串联两种余度设计系统的最少研制费用模型。最后通过多个实例验证了上述模型,发现系统可靠性最优分配模型考虑了更多的因素,更有实用价值。     

永磁直驱风电系统中最大功率点跟踪控制优化的仿真研究

分析了风力机特性、永磁直驱电机模型、变换器控制策略及各种功率跟踪控制算法优缺点,并提出一种基于爬山搜索法的最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)控制方法的优化。在MATLAB/Simulink环境下搭建了永磁直驱风力发电系统模型,仿真分析了控制方法对最大功率点的跟踪效果,结果表明当风机起动及风速变化时MPPT控制方法能够使系统快速稳定在新的工作点,捕获得最大功率。由此验证了改进优化后的控制方法及所搭建模型的准确性与有效性。     

混合动力汽车ISG用混合永磁同步电机转子研究

设计了一款混合动力汽车集成式起动发电机(ISG),用钕铁硼和铁氧体混合永磁的永磁同步电机(PMSM)。分析了两种永磁体的结构参数对电机磁路的影响规律,推导了钕铁硼和铁氧体并联磁路的约束条件;以铁氧体的不可逆退磁量和电机的基本性能为优化目标,通过场-路结合的方法,确定了钕铁硼和铁氧体的结构参数;并与传统的钕铁硼PMSM在电机性能和永磁体成本等方面进行了比较分析。研究结果表明,所提出的ISG混合永磁电机能有效地减少永磁体材料成本和铁氧体退磁风险,电机性能达到了设计要求。     

磁极组合型无铁心永磁直驱风力发电机转子结构设计

Halbach阵列用在电机上有很多好处,但却造成成本上升,研究了一种适用于无铁心永磁直驱风力发电机的径向磁场磁极组合型Halbach阵列,阐述了该新型磁极的结构与优点。借助二维有限元分析方法,找到了利于实现Halbach阵列单边磁屏蔽能力磁极组合方式,并且优化了软磁材料的尺寸,确定了电机的极弧系数。与常规Halbach阵列相比,优化后的组合磁极型电机在保证一定气隙磁密的基础上,减少了永磁体用量,降低了电机成本。     

基于粒子群算法的核屏蔽感应电机多目标优化设计

屏蔽感应电机是核反应堆冷却回路的动力源,提高该电机的效率和降低电磁噪声具有重要的意义。将有限元法和磁路法相结合,设计了1台20 kW核屏蔽感应电机。利用有限元软件对其进行额定工况运行状态下噪声和损耗仿真分析,确定影响电机效率和电磁噪声的主要参数;选取影响电机效率和噪声的主要参数为优化变量,电机电磁噪声和效率为优化目标,输出功率为约束条件;采用正交试验表获得样本空间;通过响应面法建立优化目标及约束条件的优化模型,最后利用粒子群算法对优化模型进行求解。有限元仿真结果表明:优化后电机效率提高了2.6%,电磁噪声降低了5.2 dB。     

基于鲁棒模型的航空交流感应电机预测转矩控制

航空领域对驱动电机的动态、稳态及鲁棒性能提出了更为苛刻的要求。近年来,有限集模型预测控制（FCS-MPC）以其动态响应快、稳态性能好（同开关频率下）等诸多优点成为电机驱动领域的国际研究前沿。然而,预测模型依赖于电机参数,鲁棒性差。特别地,在感应电机的FCS-MPC中,模型失配引起电磁转矩预测误差,进而降低系统性能甚至导致系统失稳。针对此问题,提出了一种基于鲁棒模型的感应电机预测转矩控制。在定子电流预测方面,在传统开环模式的基础上,建立了闭环模式的定子电流预测方程,研究了其稳定性及参数设计方法。在定子磁链矢量预测方面,在传统电压模型预测法的基础上,建立了融合电压模型及电流模型的离散混合预测模型,基于比例积分调节器调节电压模型到电流模型的平滑切换。感应电机的电磁转矩则由闭环模式预测的定子电流和定子磁链计算得到。在一台2.2 kW感应电机实验平台上对本文提出的算法进行验证,实验结果证明了该方法的有效性。