Development cost prediction of general aviation aircraft projects with parametric modeling

The study of the development cost of general aviation aircraft is limited by small samples with many cost-driven factors. This paper investigates a parametric modeling method for prediction of the development cost of general aviation aircraft. The proposed technique depends on some principal components, acquired by utilizing P value analysis and gray correlation analysis. According to these principal components, the corresponding linear regression and BP neural network models are established respectively. The feasibility and accuracy of the P value analysis are verified by comparing results of model fitting and prediction. A sensitivity analysis related to model precision and suitability is discussed in detail. Results obtained in this study show that the proposed method not only has a certain degree of versatility, but also provides a preliminary prediction of the development cost of general aviation aircraft.     

A technique of computer-aided synthesizing a finite element model of wing center section and outer wing torsion box joint for a transport aircraft

A technique of synthesizing the finite element model of the flange joint of the outer wing torsion box with the wing center section for a transport aircraft is presented. The technique is based on the functional decomposition principle, in which the general model of wing torsion box is synthesized from the separate substructure models including the flange joint. It has been shown that the manual input is significantly reduced, when the computer-aided synthesis is applied. This made it possible to cut time of synthesis and decrease the probability of error occurrence.     

Multi-layered plate finite element models with node-dependent kinematics for smart structures with piezoelectric components

This article presents a type of plate Finite Element (FE) models with adaptive mathematical refinement capabilities for modeling laminated smart structures with piezoelectric layers or distributed patches. The p-version shape functions are used in combination with the higher-order Layer-Wise (LW) kinematics adopting hierarchical Legendre polynomials. Node-Dependent Kinematics (NDK) is employed to implement local LW models in the regions with piezoelectric components and simulate the global substrate structure with the Equivalent Single-Layer (ESL) approach. Through the proposed NDK FE models, the electro-mechanical behavior of smart structures can be predicted with high fidelity and numerical efficiency, and various patch configurations can be conveniently modeled through one set of mesh grids. Moreover, the effectiveness and efficiency of the NDK FE approach are assessed through numerical examples and its application is demonstrated.     

使役条件下SiC_p/Al复合材料的建模拟实

基于有限元方法,通过Python语言开发了SiC_p/Al复合材料的参数化建模程序,利用ABAQUS图形用户界面(GUI)完成了建模过程的可视化,搭建了颗粒的大小、形状、体积含量和分布可控的快速建模拟实平台。利用此平台建立了SiC_p/Al复合材料基于微细观的代表性体积单元(RVE)有限元模型,并先后引入了颗粒的弹脆性断裂行为、基体的弹塑性断裂损伤行为和界面的拉伸-开裂行为,实现了SiC_p/Al复合材料的变形和断裂的全过程模拟。为研究使役条件下SiC_p/Al复合材料的构效关系,建立了颗粒体积含量为7%和14%的复合材料有限元模型,首先研究了拉伸过程中颗粒体积含量对复合材料变形和损伤行为的影响;然后将体积含量为7%的复合材料模拟压缩过程与拉伸过程进行对比,分析了在不同载荷条件下复合材料的变形和损伤机理。实践证明,所建立的SiC_p/Al复合材料参数化建模平台可用于颗粒增强金属基复合材料基于微细观的有限元建模,对复合材料强韧化机理分析和构效关系研究具有重要的价值。     

A unifying approach in simulating the shot peening process using a 3D random representative volume finite element model

Using a modified 3D random representative volume (RV) finite element model,the effects of model dimensions (impact region and interval between impact and representative regions),model shapes (rectangular,square,and circular),and peening-induced thermal softening on resultant critical quantities (residual stress,Almen intensity,coverage,and arc height) after shot peening are systematically examined.A new quantity,i.e.,the interval between impact and representative regions,is introduced and its optimal value is first determined to eliminate any boundary effect on shot peening results.Then,model dimensions are respectively assessed for all model shapes to reflect the actual shot peening process,based on which shape-independent critical shot peening quantities are obtained.Further,it is found that thermal softening of the target material due to shot peening leads to variances of the surface residual stress and arc height,demonstrating the necessity of considering the thermal effect in a constitutive material model of shot peeing.Our study clarifies some of the finite element modeling aspects and lays the ground for accurate modeling of the SP process.     

金属弹簧管性能影响因素的仿真分析

为了研究高温密封组件金属弹簧性能,本文通过对波音公司编网状弹簧管结构和Streck心脏支架结构的研究,建立了编织弹簧的几何拓扑构型和数学模型,推导了弹簧直径计算公式。采用AUTODESK3D-MAX构建了编织弹簧的仿真模型,用ANSYS仿真软件分别从编织丝直径、编织密度以及编织方法 3方面探究不同测试对弹簧性能的影响。结果表明,增加弹簧丝直径、降低弹簧管轴向方向的编织密度、提高圆周方向的编织密度、向外的弹簧管编织方式可有效提高弹簧管的回弹性能。     

一种针对局部结构的有限元模型修正方法

针对实际结构有限元模型（FEM）的建模误差通常仅存在于局部区域,提出了一种对局部结构单独进行模型修正的方法。首先,根据频响函数（FRF）解耦理论得到由残余结构频响函数与包含待修正参数的局部结构动刚度所重构的整体结构频响函数的拟合值,然后通过迭代优化使其与测量值的残差最小化,从而得到参数的极大似然估计。在此基础上,将残差关于参数的灵敏度以局部结构动力学矩阵表示,建立了模型修正的基本方程,利用整体结构的测试数据即可直接对分离出来的局部结构进行模型修正。最后,对喷气式飞机和三角机翼飞机分别进行了数值模拟和实验研究,验证了所提方法的可行性和有效性。结果表明,所提方法可以成功地用于仅局部区域含有建模误差的实际结构有限元模型的修正,修正后的有限元模型的动态特性与实际结构有较好的一致性。     

螺杆泵抽油杆有限元分析

如何降低螺杆泵抽油杆的应力水平,提高工作寿命是石油开采设备研究中一个急需解决的力学问题。分析了螺杆泵抽油杆的工作状态,建立了该杆三种可能的力学模型,以实际断裂的典型的抽油杆为例,进行了有限元分析。抽油杆的内力和应力水平与杆的"麻花"程度密切相关,模型3的模拟结果与抽油杆的实际断裂情况相吻合。模型3较真实地反映了抽油杆工作状况,为降低抽油杆的应力水平,提高工作寿命提供了理论根据。     

一种基于有限元法和弹性接触理论的齿轮啮合刚度改进算法

提出了一种将有限元法和弹性接触理论相结合的齿轮啮合刚度计算方法.该方法利用子结构法提取齿面原始柔度矩阵并分离出接触点弯曲变形,根据线弹接触变形解析公式计算接触变形,通过求解非线性变形协调方程得到齿轮时变啮合刚度和齿面载荷分布.以一对齿轮副为例,计算的啮合刚度与航空标准计算结果相差在6%以内.该方法发挥了有限元法在预测物体整体变形方面的优势,同时结合弹性接触理论能够准确计算局部接触变形的优点,与常规有限元法相比,能够有效地提升计算效率.由于接触变形问题的非线性,啮合刚度随总啮合力增加呈现非线性增大的趋势.      

基于CFD数值仿真技术的飞行器动导数计算

为了研究表征飞行器动态稳定特性的动导数,结合计算流体力学方法,基于滑移网格技术,采用小幅度强迫振动法和差分法两种非定常方法,推导了俯仰组合动导数以及滚转阻尼导数的计算表达式,并结合多参考系模型采用准定常方法计算滚转阻尼导数。建立了基于计算流体力学技术的飞行器动导数计算方法。对国际动导数标模Finner导弹进行了计算验证。两种非定常方法对俯仰组合动导数的计算误差分别为0.65%、6.13%,对滚转阻尼导数的计算误差分别为2.5%、0.06%。求解滚转阻尼的准定常方法对于滚转阻尼导数的计算误差为2.67%。三种方法的计算结果与风洞试验结果吻合的很好。非定常方法计算精度高,准定常方法可以快捷迅速得到结果。本文的数值方法不仅适用于超声速,同样可以用于亚、跨声速时的动导数计算。     

高度修正实现刚度等效的梁结构有限元建模方法

民用飞机中对于梁结构的有限元建模,一般采用刚度等效方法将梁建成杆单元与剪切板单元的组合形式,这种有限元简化方法仅能保证截面刚度与真实截面刚度近似等效,但有限元中的截面面积与实际面积却相差较大,致使有限元分析的结果不能准确反映结构严重部位的应力情况。针对传统刚度等效有限元建模方法的不足,提出一种采用高度修正的刚度等效有限元建模方法;将该方法的计算结果与传统建模方法的计算结果、理论计算结果、试验测量结果进行对比。结果表明：本文提出的高度修正的有限元建模方法比传统杆板系建模方法更准确,与试验结果更接近。将该方法用于民用飞机结构有限元建模,能够对真实结构进行更准确地模拟,分析结果也更精确,对民用飞机结构的强度分析和安全保障具有重要的意义。     

高温基线密封编织弹簧管的建模与仿真

为了研究高温基线密封中的编织弹簧的回弹特性,参照Pierce线圈模型对编织弹簧管进行参数化建模。采用有限元软件对编织弹簧管进行静力学仿真,对比有限元计算结果与实验数据,接触面摩擦因数为0. 1时仿真结果与实验结果吻合较好。弹簧刚度对线径十分敏感,回弹力与线径呈现非线性高次关系。增加编织线股数,弹簧刚度会成倍增加。温度在低于600℃时对弹簧刚度的影响较小,在高于600℃后,弹簧刚度随着温度升高快速下降。通过S-N曲线计算编织弹簧管在650℃时的最低疲劳寿命高于密封设计要求。研究结果表明,在编织弹簧管的设计要求的前提下,环密度为0. 05、线径为0. 32 mm、双线编织的编织弹簧管具有较好的性能。。     

A dynamic modeling approach for nonlinear vibration analysis of the L-type pipeline system with clamps

There exists a lot of research on the nonlinear vibration of the pipeline system with different boundary conditions. To the best of our knowledge, little research on the actual constraint of the clamp has been performed. In this paper, according to hysteresis loops of the clamp obtained from experimental test, the simplified bilinear stiffness and damping model is proposed. Then the Finite Element (FE) model of L-type pipeline system with clamps is established using Timoshenko beam theory in combination with aforementioned stiffness-damping model. Both hammering and shaker tests verify the FE model via the comparisons of natural frequencies and vibration responses. The results show that the maximum errors of natural frequencies and vibration responses are about 8.31% and 17.6%, respectively. The proposed model can simulate the dynamic characteristics of the L-type pipeline system with clamps well, which is helpful to provide some guidance for the early design stage of pipeline in aero-engine.     

Integration of nanoindentation and finite element method for interpretable tensile properties: A cross-scale calculation method of uneven joints

Nanoindentation testing and its Reverse Analysis Method(RAM) show great potential in understanding the tensile properties of metallic alloys with various microstructures. Nevertheless,the tensile properties of heterogeneous materials such as nickel-based superalloy welded joints have not been well interpreted by combining the microstructures and nanoindentation results, due to their diverse and complex microscopic zones, which throws shade on the properties of separated zones in the material. He...     

基于薄层单元的拉杆转子接触界面动力学建模及修正

为了研究具有复杂接触界面拉杆转子系统的动力学特性,发展了基于薄层单元的拉杆转子接触界面动力学建模及修正方法。采用线性本构关系的薄层单元模拟转子部件的复杂接触关系,基于模态试验数据,运用分层模型修正方法对预紧状态下拉杆转子部件接触面的连接刚度进行识别,通过识别的薄层连接参数建立拉杆转子动力学预测模型。将拉杆转子动力学预测模型的结果与试验数据进行对比分析,结果表明:采用线性本构关系薄层单元能够模拟拉杆预紧状态下接触界面的力学特性,修改薄层单元弹性模量能够模拟接触界面的法向刚度和切向刚度;修正后转子模型与测试结果的最大频率误差为0.6%,平均频率相对误差为0.25%,修正后模型能预测实际结构的振动响应。      

Enhanced wave and finite element method for wave propagation and forced response prediction in periodic piezoelectric structures

As a promising numerical tool of structural dynamics in mid-and high frequencies, the wave and finite element method (WFEM) is receiving increasingly attention and applications. In this paper, an enhanced WFEM has been developed with a reduced model and a new eigenvalue scheme. The reduced model is applicable for structures with piezoelectric shunts or local dampers;the new eigenvalue scheme can mitigate the ill-conditioning when the wave basis is calculated. The enhanced WFEM is applied to a thin-wall structure with periodically distributed piezoelectric mate-rials (PZT). Both free wave characteristics and forced response are analyzed and the influences of the suggested enhancements are presented. It is shown that if the control factors are properly cho-sen, these enhancements can improve the accuracy while accelerating the calculation. Resulting from the complexity of the application, these enhancements are not optional but imperative.     

空载固体发动机计算与试验模态相关性分析

为了预测空载状态固体火箭发动机动态特性,对其进行了模态试验,并应用MSC.Marc进行了模态计算,然后对比两者的结果,进行了相关性分析和评估。计算得到了发动机250Hz以内的一阶弯曲模态和五阶呼吸模态。试验测得了发动机的三阶呼吸模态和一阶弯曲模态。比较试验测试模态和与之对应的计算模态:固有频率相对误差均在5%以内;振型相关图上的点大都分布在斜率为1(或 1)的直线周围;MAC(模态置信判据)值在0 9左右。说明计算与试验模态有较好的相关性,有限元计算模型比较准确的反映了实际情况。     

Material parameter modeling and solution technique using birth–death element for notched metallic panel repaired with bonded composite patch

This paper seeks to outline a novel three-layer model and a new birth–death element solution technique to evaluate static strength of notched metallic panel repaired with bonded composite patch and to optimize material parameters. The higher order 3D, 8-node isotropic solid element and 8-node anisotropic layered solid element with three degrees of freedom per node are respectively implemented to model substrate panel, adhesive layer and composite patch to establish three-layer model of repaired panel. The new solving technique based on birth–death element is developed to allow solution of the stress pattern of repaired panel for identifying failure mode. The new model and its solution are used to model failure mode and residual strength of repaired panel, and the obtained results have a good agreement with the experimental findings. Finally, the influences of material parameter of adhesive layer and composite patch on the residual strength of repaired panel are investigated for optimizing material properties to meet operational and environmental constraints.     

基于QZ算法的涡轮泵转子临界转速有限元计算

QZ算法求解非对称矩阵广义特征值问题与转子动力学有限元法相结合计算涡轮泵转子临界转速,发展了相应的计算程序FEMQZ。在计算模型中考虑轮盘的陀螺力矩、轴套零件和叶轮浸液的影响。计算分析了某涡轮泵转子在弹性支承下的临界转速。实验结果表明,计算得到的一阶临界转速与实测值吻合,所发展程序能用于涡轮泵转子的动力特性分析。     

固体推进剂药柱泊松比随机粘弹性有限元分析

为了研究泊松比的分布对固体推进剂药柱结构分析的影响，发展了一种地不可压缩材料的粘弹增量有限元方法，进行了泊松比随机粘弹性有限元的研究，要用局部平均方法对随机场进行离散，给出了二阶摄动有限 元变异方程。算例表明，对药桩进行随机模拟，计算效率和精度较高。