Gain self-scheduled H_∞ control for morphing aircraft in the wing transition process based on an LPV model

This article investigates gain self-scheduled H 1 robust control system design for a tailless fold- ing-wing morphing aircraft in the wing shape varying process. During the wing morphing phase, the aircraft’s dynamic response will be governed by time-varying aerodynamic forces and moments. Nonlinear dynamic equations of the morphing aircraft are linearized by using Jacobian linearization approach, and a linear parameter varying (LPV) model of the morphing aircraft in wing folding is obtained. A multi-loop controller for the morphing aircraft is formulated to guarantee stability for the wing shape transition process. The proposed controller uses a set of inner-loop gains to provide stability using classical techniques, whereas a gain self-scheduled H 1 outer-loop controller is devised to guarantee a specific level of robust stability and performance for the time-varying dynamics. The closed-loop simulations show that speed and altitude vary slightly during the whole wing folding process, and they converge rapidly after the process ends. This proves that the gain self-scheduled H 1 robust controller can guarantee a satisfactory dynamic performance for the morphing aircraft during the whole wing shape transition process. Finally, the flight control system’s robustness for the wing folding process is verified according to uncertainties of the aerodynamic parameters in the nonlinear model.     

空间站姿态/动量联合非线性控制

从Lyapunov稳定性理论出发,设计了一个非线性控制器,实现了空间站姿态和控制力矩陀螺角动量的联合控制。在此基础上,为抑制周期性环境干扰力矩对姿态控制性能的影响,引入了周期性扰动抑制滤波器,对非线性姿态/动量控制器进行了改进。改进的控制器不但可以抑制空间站姿态的周期性波动,而且可在满足特定飞行任务的前提下,建立空间站指向和控制力矩陀螺动量管理间的折中。控制器参数物理意义明确,易于调整。对空间站姿态控制/动量管理系统的仿真结果表明,该控制器是可行的。     

基于N-dot的涡扇发动机加速控制器设计

针对双转子民用涡扇发动机,进行基于转子加速度的加速控制器设计研究。采用常规的PI控制器结构,针对结构中所需的转子加速度指令,给出了1种满足要求的设计方法,并将PI控制参数的求解过程转化为带约束的非线性优化问题,利用模式搜索算法求解。构建包含稳态控制器和加速控制器的涡扇发动机闭环控制回路,进行加速过程仿真测试。结果表明:所设计的加速控制器满足涡扇发动机加速过程的性能要求,对于工程设计与应用具有一定的参考价值。     

Nonlinear Adaptive Robust Force Control of Hydraulic Load Simulator

This paper deals with the high performance force control of hydraulic load simulator. Many previous works for hydraulic force control are based on their linearization equations, but hydraulic inherent nonlinear properties and uncertainties make the conventional feedback proportional-integral-derivative control not yield to high-performance requirements. In this paper, a nonlinear system model is derived and linear parameterization is made for adaptive control. Then a discontinuous projection-based nonlinear adaptive robust force controller is developed for hydraulic load simulator. The proposed controller constructs an asymptotically stable adaptive controller and adaptation laws, which can compensate for the system nonlinearities and uncertain parameters. Meanwhile a well-designed robust controller is also developed to cope with the hydraulic system uncertain nonlinearities. The controller achieves a guaranteed transient performance and final tracking accuracy in the presence of both parametric uncertainties and uncertain nonlinearities; in the absence of uncertain nonlinearities, the scheme also achieves asymptotic tracking performance. Simulation and experiment comparative results are obtained to verify the high-performance nature of the proposed control strategy and the tracking accuracy is greatly improved.     

Direct thrust control for multivariable turbofan engine based on affine linear parameter-varying approach

A novel turbofan Direct Thrust Control(DTC) architecture based on Linear ParameterVarying(LPV) approach for a two-spool turbofan engine thrust control is proposed in this paper.Instead of transforming thrust command to shaft speed command and pressure ratio command, the thrust will be directly controlled by an optimal controller with two control variables. LPV model of the engine is established for the designing of thrust estimator and controller. A robust LPV H∞filter is introduced to estimate ...     

折叠翼飞行器发射段鲁棒非线性控制系统设计

为解决折叠翼飞行器在发射段各项特性变化较大、对飞行控制律鲁棒性要求较高的问题,设计了一种以块控反步法为基础的自适应鲁棒非线性控制器.在发射段动态模型基础上,该控制器采用径向基函数( RBF)神经网络自适应逼近飞行器特性变化时的系统未知不确定性和干扰,通过在虚拟控制律中引入动态面控制技术避免多重微分运算,克服了传统反步法...     

基于直接配点法的绳系卫星系统变轨控制

讨论了不必回收子星的二体绳系卫星系统(TSS)的变轨方案。假设TSS质心运动满足经典的二脉冲Hohmann变轨,用未变形绳长加速率控制两次脉冲期间的TSS运动。利用直接配点法中的Hermite-Simpson方法将控制消耗最小的最优问题离散为大型非线性规划问题,然后用MATLAB的SNOPT软件包求解;针对初始偏差较大的实际情况,又结合直接配点法和滚动时域控制得到了解析的反馈控制律。仿真算例表明,得到的TSS变轨过程状态变化平滑,控制消耗较小,而且变轨之后TSS接近平衡状态;此外,反馈控制律对最优路径的跟踪效果较好,能够消除初始偏差的影响。     

轴流压气机旋转失速DSP在线控制方法

针对压气机旋转失速的在线控制新方法进行了实验研究。构造了完整的数字信号处理（DSP）控制方案,并在单级低速轴流压气机实验台上完成了实验验证。在对动态信号进行时域分析、频域分析、滤波及相关性分析的基础上,确定了旋转失速在线控制的整定值,结合叶顶微喷气扩稳方法,在不同相关系数设定的条件下,进行了旋转失速在线反馈控制的实验研究。实验结果显示该DSP控制系统与相关计算方案结合具有有效的控制效果,为压气机流动失稳控制技术发展探索一种新的方式。     

基于H∞最优化与层次结构动态逆的非线性飞行控制器设计

针对扰动环境下的导弹飞行控制问题提出一种基于H∞最优化与层次结构动态逆(HSDI)的鲁棒非线性控制方法.设计层次结构动态逆控制器时将层次结构优化为3层,并按照时标分离的思想调整了各层次的状态变量,使得控制器更为简洁.在此基础上,将层次结构动态逆控制器与导弹6自由度(DOF)非线性模型联合作为H..控制的广义被控对象,通...     

Parametric analyses for synthetic jet control on separation and stall over rotor airfoil

Numerical simulations are performed to investigate the effects of synthetic jet control on separation and stall over rotor airfoils. The preconditioned and unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations coupled with a k x shear stream transport turbulence model are employed to accomplish the flowfield simulation of rotor airfoils under jet control. Additionally,a velocity boundary condition modeled by a sinusoidal function is developed to fulfill the perturbation effect of periodic jets. The validity of the present CFD procedure is evaluated by the simulated results of an isolated synthetic jet and the jet control case for airfoil NACA0015. Then, parametric analyses are conducted specifically for an OA213 rotor airfoil to investigate the effects of jet parameters(forcing frequency, jet location and momentum coefficient, jet direction, and distribution of jet arrays) on the control effect of the aerodynamic characteristics of a rotor airfoil. Preliminary results indicate that the efficiency of jet control can be improved with specific frequencies(the best lift-drag ratio at F+= 2.0) and jet angles(40 or 75) when the jets are located near the separation point of the rotor airfoil. Furthermore, as a result of a suitable combination of jet arrays, the lift coefficient of the airfoil can be improved by nearly 100%, and the corresponding drag coefficient decreased by26.5% in comparison with the single point control case.     

Time-varying linear control for tiltrotor aircraft

Tiltrotor aircraft have three flight modes: helicopter mode, airplane mode, and transition mode. A tiltrotor has characteristics of highly nonlinear, time-varying flight dynamics and inertial/control couplings in its transition mode. It can transit from the helicopter mode to the airplane mode by tilting its nacelles, and an effective controller is crucial to accomplish tilting transition missions. Longitudinal dynamic characteristics of the tiltrotor are described by a nonlinear Lagrange-form model, which takes into account inertial/control couplings and aerodynamic interferences. Reference commands for airspeed velocity and attitude in the transition mode are calculated dynamically by visiting a command library which is founded in advance by analyzing the flight envelope of the tiltrotor. A Time-Varying Linear (TVL) model is obtained using a Taylor-expansion based online linearization technique from the nonlinear model. Subsequently, based on an optimal control concept, an online optimization based control method with input constraints considered is proposed. To validate the proposed control method, three typical tilting transition missions are simulated using the nonlinear model of XV-15 tiltrotor aircraft. Simulation results show that the controller can be used to control the tiltrotor throughout its operating envelop which includes a transition flight, and can also deal with vertical gust disturbances.     

推力矢量飞机控制系统设计与仿真研究

针对某型推力矢量飞机提出了一套控制方案,较好地将理论与工程实践结合起来,解决了飞机在全包线范围内的飞行控制问题。该控制方案包括常规机动控制器、大迎角超机动控制器、控制分配器及轨迹跟踪控制器等几个主要环节的设计,完成的控制系统满足全包线飞行品质的要求,可实现对大机动轨迹的精确跟踪。最后,对此综合控制系统进行数字仿真并给出部分仿真结果,结果表明所提出的飞行控制系统设计方案是成功的。     

H∞ output tracking control for flight control systems with time-varying delay

For flight control systems with time-varying delay, an H∞ output tracking controller is proposed. The controller is designed for the discrete-time state-space model of general aircraft to reduce the effects of uncertainties of the mathematical model, external disturbances, and bounded time-varying delay. It is assumed that the feedback-control loop is closed by the communication network, and the network-based control architecture induces time-delays in the feedback information. Suppose that the time delay has both an upper bound and a lower bound. By using the Lyapu- nov-Krasovskii function and the linear matrix inequality （LMI）, the delay-dependent stability criterion is derived for the time-delay system. Based on the criterion, a state-feedback H∞ output tracking controller for systems with norm-bounded uncertainties and time-varying delay is presented. The control scheme is applied to the high incidence research model （HIRM）, which shows the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

基于VSC的线性控制参数化及在飞行控制中的应用

对一类非线性系统进行平衡工作点参数化,得到调度（ＳＣＨＥＤＵＬＩＮＧ） 参数线性化方程。在此基础上,利用线性ＶＳＣ 理论设计调度参数化的局部线性控制器。为了减少某一状态下控制器对调度参数实际值的影响,在控制器中引入调度变量修整项。将所得结果用于飞行控制系统,设计出飞机纵向通道的调度参数化控制器,数字仿真验证了控制器的控制性能,结果良好。     

陀螺稳定平台视轴稳定系统自适应模糊PID控制

 在运动载体上的光电跟踪系统中,需要采用建立在陀螺稳定平台上的视轴稳定控制。分析了平台结构和惯性稳定隔离原理。针对系统机械谐振、力矩耦合及电气参数波动等非线性不确定因素的影响,设计了复合自适应模糊PID控制器。引入自适应调整因子进行控制规则和参数的在线修正,采用复合控制克服模糊控制固有的盲区,实现无差调节。在光电跟踪转台上的实验结果显示该方法能够有效地隔离载体扰动,减小扰动造成的误差,保证视轴对目标的准确瞄准,具有快速的动态响应和较强的抗干扰性。     

基于混合区域极点配置的航空发动机全包线鲁棒变参数控制器设计

针对航空发动机全包线多变量鲁棒变增益控制器设计问题,提出了一种基于混合区域极点配置的鲁棒变参数控制方法。利用Jacobian方法建立多调度参数下的发动机仿射线性变参数(Linear parameter varying,LPV)模型,用于描述发动机全包线内的非线性动态特性;针对上述LPV模型,采用仿射参数依赖Lyapunov函数设计具有H∞鲁棒性能的状态反馈控制器,给出了控制系统全局稳定性的证明;并利用混合区域极点配置方法,将闭环系统极点配置到左半平面指定位置,以保证控制系统的动态特性及稳定裕度;进而引入凸多胞技术,将参数依赖线性矩阵不等式(Linear matrix inequality,LMI)方程转化为有限维LMI进行控制器求解,并得到了全局解。针对涡扇发动机的仿真结果表明:存在复杂量测噪声干扰条件下,鲁棒变参数控制器可以实现发动机全包线内控制指令的精确跟踪,系统阶跃响应的调节时间不超过1.5s,系统无超调,对控制期望的稳态跟踪误差在0.02%以内,符合发动机控制系统技术要求。     

自适应PID控制系统仿真

针对常规PID控制器不能满足非线性、时变系统的控制要求的问题,本文将自适应控制思想与PID控制器相结合,合成一种自适应PID控制解决方案,并设计了一个自适应PID控制器。该方案运用专家控制策略,自动整定PID参数。仿真结论表明,在系统参数不确定或者发生变化时,该控制器的控制效果明显优于常规PID控制器。     

Modeling and Backstepping-based Nonlinear Control Strategy for a 6 DOF Quadrotor Helicopter

In this article, a nonlinear model of an underactuated six degrees of freedom （6 DOF） quadrotor helicopter is derived on the basis of the Newton-Euler formalism. The derivation comprises determining equations of the motion of the quadrotor in three dimensions and approximating the actuation forces through the modeling of aerodynamic coefficients and electric motor dynamics. The derived model composed of translational and rotational subsystems is dynamically unstable, so a sequential nonlinear control strategy is used. The control strategy includes feedback linearization coupled with a PD controller for the translational subsystem and a backstepping-based PID nonlinear controller for the rotational subsystem of the quadrotor. The performances of the nonlinear control method are evaluated by nonlinear simulation and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy for the quadrotor helicopter in quasi-stationary flights.     

基于未知输入观测器的非线性动态系统故障估计

针对一类受扰非线性动态系统的执行器故障估计问题,提出一种未知输入观测器来实现故障估计。首先,通过坐标变换将原系统转化为合适的形式;其次,采用线性矩阵不等式与Lyapunov泛函分别设计H_∞输出反馈控制器和未知输入观测器,在此基础上实现对系统中执行器故障的渐近估计;最后,通过机械臂系统仿真分析并验证了所提方法的有效性。与已有方法相比,所提方法不要求故障可导,也不要求故障或干扰上界已知,因此易于在工程实际中实现对非线性系统执行器故障的估计。     

Dynamics modeling and control of a transport aircraft for ultra-low altitude airdrop

The nonlinear aircraft model with heavy cargo moving inside is derived by using the separation body method, which can describe the influence of the moving cargo on the aircraft attitude and altitude accurately. Furthermore, the nonlinear system is decoupled and linearized through the input–output feedback linearization method. On this basis, an iterative quasi-sliding mode(SM)flight controller for speed and pitch angle control is proposed. At the first-level SM, a global dynamic switching function is introduced thus eliminating the reaching phase of the sliding motion.At the second-level SM, a nonlinear function with the property of ‘‘smaller errors correspond to bigger gains and bigger errors correspond to saturated gains' ' is designed to form an integral sliding manifold, and the overcompensation of the integral term to big errors is weakened. Lyapunovbased analysis shows that the controller with strong robustness can reject both constant and time-varying model uncertainties. The performance of the proposed control strategy is verified in a maximum load airdrop mission.