无人直升机自主飞行控制技术

分析了国内外无人直升机自主飞行控制技术的现状及差距,提出了应重点解决的关键技术,为我国无人直升机自主飞行控制技术发展提供参考.     

从自动飞行到自主飞行--飞行控制与导航技术发展的转折和面临的挑战

无人机要替代有人驾驶飞机 ,在不确定性环境中执行各类任务 ,必然面临着自主控制的巨大挑战。先进飞行控制和导航技术作为最主要的支撑技术 ,目前只能适应相对结构化任务环境的要求 ,而要解决动态、不确定环境下的自主飞行控制问题尚有很大的差距。当前 ,由自动飞行到自主飞行 ,已发展到了一个大的转折点。本文将从人与机器的关系和人 -机分工及演进的角度阐述作者对这些问题的现状、发展和面临的挑战所进行的系统分析。     

小型固定翼无人机集群综述和未来发展综述

围绕小型固定翼无人机集群这一难度高、发展快、应用前景广阔、多学科交叉的新方向,从集群系统内涵、现有典型项目、关键技术3个角度综述了国内外小型固定翼无人机集群的研究现状。在系统梳理集群系统内涵和应用优势的基础上,从集群协同模式探索、分布指挥体系构建、核心关键技术突破和集群验证等4个视角总结现有典型项目,从体系架构、通信组网、决策与规划、飞机平台、集群飞行、集群安全与集群指控等7个核心点综述了技术研究现状。最后,综合小型固定翼无人机集群中亟需解决的关键技术,展望了这一领域未来的发展趋势。     

Distributed coordinated control scheme of UAV swarm based on heterogeneous roles

This paper proposes a new distributed coordinated control scheme based on heterogeneous roles for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) swarm to achieve formation control. First, the framework of the distributed coordinated control scheme is designed on the basis of Distributed Model Predictive Control(DMPC). Then, the effect of heterogeneous roles including leader, coordinator and follower is discussed, and the role-based cost functions are developed to improve the performance of coordinated control for...     

Mission-driven autonomous perception and fusion based on UAV swarm

Distributed autonomous situational awareness is one of the most important foundation for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) swarm to implement various missions. Considering the application environment being usually characterized by strong confrontation, high dynamics, and deep uncertainty, the distributed situational awareness system based on UAV swarm needs to be driven by the mission requirements, while each node in the network can autonomously avoid collisions and perform detection mission through ...     

无人直升机飞行控制系统设计

基于直升机非线性动力学方程 ,在简化悬停和低速飞行模态的推力扭矩模型的基础之上 ,用多变量线性鲁棒控制、遗传模糊控制和非线性跟踪控制等 3种不同方法 ,设计了飞行控制系统 ,并通过各种飞行仿真验证了飞行控制性能 ,分析与比较了这 3种方法的特点     

新一代歼击机超机动攻击的智能控制及实时分布式三维动画仿真研究

新一代歼击机超机动飞行性能具有很高的战术价值 ,开发这种价值对空战的胜利具有重大意义。本文研究了超机动攻击的智能控制方法和实时分布式三维动画仿真技术。采用 3个三层BP网络重构了超机动飞行控制系统 ,应用“论域及增益在线自适应调整”的模糊控制规则设计了火 /飞耦合器 ,并提出了超机动攻击的实时分布式三维动画仿真方法 ,构造了实时分布式三维动画仿真平台 ,仿真结果逼真、直观、有效。     

多自主翼伞系统建模及其集结控制

当前对翼伞系统的研究主要集中在单个翼伞,但实际空投中一般需要使用多个翼伞,才能完成大量物资、装备的空投补给任务,而多个翼伞同时空投时,将会出现翼伞需要集结、相互间需要避免碰撞等在单翼伞空投时不存在的问题。现有的单翼伞系统已能通过GPS/惯导系统及其他板载传感器实现自主飞行,针对多个自主翼伞的空投任务设计算法,以控制下降翼伞之间的相互运动,实现多翼伞系统的集结和避碰。首先以质点模型为起点,通过引入新的独立变量,并将翼伞运动转换至风固定坐标系,使得单个翼伞质点模型降维为非线性降阶模型,进而得到多自主翼伞模型,在此基础上提出了一种集结控制算法,利用每个翼伞自身的状态信息和相邻翼伞的状态信息,采用势场法使得多翼伞实现集结并避免碰撞,最后一致地降落至地面。仿真结果表明多个自主翼伞实现了集结,减小了翼伞的着陆散布,降低了翼伞之间的碰撞风险,验证了该方法的有效性,可以为进一步研究多自主翼伞协同控制提供理论参考。     

无人机-无人车异构时变编队控制与扰动抑制

研究了无人机-无人车异构系统时变输出编队控制与扰动抑制问题，要求多无人机与无人车在受到未知外部扰动的情况下，保持设计的输出时变编队构型。首先，对无人机与无人车进行单体运动学与动力学建模，同时建立扰动模型，并引入代数图论概念，建立异构集群系统的协同控制模型。然后，对各无人机-无人车设计了具有分层架构的分布式时变输出编队控制器，包含基于一致性理论的编队中心估计项和基于内模原理的扰动抑制补偿项。进一步分析异构系统实现输出时变编队的可行性条件，给出了分布式编队控制器的参数选取算法，并证明了时变编队控制器构成的闭环系统的稳定性。最后，通过仿真算例来验证所设计的编队控制器的有效性。     

Flight control of a large-scale flapping-wing flying robotic bird:System development and flight experiment

Large-scale flapping-wing flying robotic birds have huge application potential in outdoor tasks, such as military reconnaissance, environment exploring, disaster rescue and so on. In this paper, a multiple modes flight control method and system are proposed for a large-scale robotic bird which has 2.3 m wingspan and 650 g mass. Different from small flapping wing aerial vehicle,the mass of its wings cannot be neglected and the flapping frequency are much lower. Therefore, the influence of transie...     

一种无人机推测导航(DR)抗侧风控制策略

随着无人机应用领域的不断扩大，要求无人机在GPS信号失效时仍然能够保证一定的航迹跟随性能。在不给现役无人机增加其他的硬件配置的前提下，本文采用推测导航作为唯一的导航手段，并针对影响推测导航 精度的侧风扰动，研究了一种对抗侧风的控制策略。该策略的实质就是将普通的PID控制律改为一种容错控制律。仿真结果表明，这种控制策略在无人机作直线航迹跟踪时，效果十分理想。     

基于改进PSO的飞行控制律参数多目标优化方法

针对传统飞行控制律参数单目标优化设计不能同时满足多控制指标要求,且与飞行品质要求缺乏相关性,以及物理意义不明确等缺点,提出了一种基于改进粒子群算法的飞行控制律多目标优化设计方法。该算法模拟鸟类捕食过程,使得种群随着"食物"的发现和消耗,聚集为数量和构成动态调整多个子群,且子群粒子速度也随之进行自适应变异。从而,有利于维持种群的多样性,有效抑制早熟收敛现象发生。最后,还使用改进的粒子群优化算法对某型飞机横侧向控制律设计进行了数值仿真,结果显示该算法有效提高控制律优化调参效率,可满足期望的飞行品质要求。     

Novel roll effector based on zero-mass-flux dual synthetic jets and its flight test

The autonomous and controllable Dual Synthetic Jet Actuator (DSJA) is firstly integrated into the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), and flight tests without the deflection of rudders are carried out to verify the viability of DSJA to control the attitudes of UAV during cruising. DSJA is improved into an actuator with two diaphragms and three cavities, which has higher energy levels. Actuators, differentially distributed on both sides of the wings, are installed on the trailing edge close to the wing tips. Flight tests, containing Differential Circulation Control (DCC) using double-side actuators, Positive Circulation Control (PCC) using left-side actuators and Negative Circulation Control (NCC) using right-side actuators, are implemented at cruising speed of 25 m/s. Results show that roll attitude control without rudders could be realized by DSJAs. DCC and NCC can generate the rightward roll and yaw angular velocity, prompting UAV to turn right. The stronger controlling ability can be achieved by DCC, with the maximum roll angular velocity of 15.62 (°)/s. PCC can generate a rightward roll moment, but a leftward yaw moment will be produced at the same time. Leftward yaw induces the leftward rolling moment, which weakens the roll control effect, making UAV keep to yaw to the left with a small slope.     

变体飞行器控制系统综述

介绍了变体飞行器控制系统和涉及的控制理论问题。分析了变体飞行器的控制系统,指出变体飞行器的控制系统由变形控制层和飞行控制层组成。对变体飞行器的硬件结构和变体飞行器控制方法的研究现状进行了阐述。分析了集中式和分布式两种变形机械结构以及控制系统体系结构,提出采用总线网络连接变形结构的分布式元件。总结了变体飞行器需深入研究的变形控制和飞行控制问题,包括大尺度变体飞行器的飞行控制问题,通信受约束的大数目的驱动器的协调控制问题。     

无人机参数优化自抗扰编队保持控制器设计

针对无人机编队飞行中的队形保持问题,采用结合粒子群算法的自抗扰控制技术对控制器进行设计,使响应过程具有良好的动态品质和较小的稳态误差。建立三维空间内基于相对误差的无人机编队飞行模型,并在此基础上设计了跟踪微分器、扩展状态观测器和非线性状态反馈自抗扰控制器,采用粒子群算法对控制器中部分参数进行优化整定。仿真结果表明,设计的结合粒子群算法的改进自抗扰控制器具有良好的控制性能,能以较高的精度实现无人机编队保持任务。     

飞机飞行控制系统参数多目标优化设计研究

针对传统飞行控制律参数单目标优化设计不能同时满足多控制指标要求,且与飞行品质要求缺乏相关性,物理意义不明确等缺点,提出了一种基于改进粒子群算法的飞行控制律多目标优化设计方法。算法模拟鸟类捕食过程,使得种群随着"食物"的发现和消耗,聚集为数量和构成动态调整多个子群,且子群粒子速度也随之进行自适应变异,从而有利于维持种群的多样性,有效抑制早熟收敛现象发生。最后,使用改进的粒子群优化算法对某型飞机纵向控制律设计进行数值仿真,结果显示,算法有效提高控制律优化调参效率,结果满足期望的飞行品质要求。     

Distributed flight control system using fiber distributed datainterface (FDDI)

The design of fault-tolerant distributed control systems is discussed. The application described is a generic flight control system (FCS) for a fighter aircraft. The system is designed for high redundancy and expandability to meet various requirements. The communication network is based on the fiber distributed data interface (FDDI), which provides a high level of electromagnetic interference resistance and reliability. The choice of fiber optic media also provides an extremely high bandwidth and tremendous growth capability for future communications needs. This study is not specific to FDDI or flight control systems. The methods and configurations presented should be applicable to many real-time control implementations     

Virtual target guidance-based distributed model predictive control for formation control of multiple UAVs

The paper proposes a Virtual Target Guidance(VTG)-based distributed Model Predictive Control(MPC) scheme for formation control of multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs).First, a framework of distributed MPC scheme is designed in which each UAV only shares the information with its neighbors, and the obtained local Finite-Horizon Optimal Control Problem(FHOCP) can be solved by swarm intelligent optimization algorithm.Then, a VTG approach is developed and integrated into the distributed MPC scheme...     

Cooperative task assignment of multi-UAV system

With the rapid development of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology, one of the emerging fields is to utilize multi-UAV as a team under autonomous control in a complex environment. Among the challenges in fully achieving autonomous control, Cooperative task assignment stands out as the key function. In this paper, we analyze the importance and difficulties of multi-UAV cooperative task assignment in characterizing scenarios and obtaining high-quality solutions. Furthermore, we present three promising directions for future research: Cooperative task assignment in a dynamic complex environment, in an unmanned-manned aircraft system and in a UAV swarm. Our goal is to provide a brief review of multi-UAV cooperative task assignment for readers to further explore.     

精确打击武器集群作战技术发展研究

对中远程精确打击武器集群作战进行综合评述,并对集群智能化技术体系发展布局进行探讨。首先基于分布式作战概念内涵提出了集群作战的共性特点,指出网络化和智能化是集群作战的本质特征。随后从目标指示、体系对抗、自主作战三个方面提出了对集群智能化作战的军事需求,并对由集群智能化技术带来的作战能力提升进行了分析研判。最后按照观察-判断-决策-行动作战循环梳理了集群智能化技术体系布局。综述表明,集群作战将是未来精确打击武器的主要作战形态,集群智能化技术是当前以及未来一段时间内的研究热点。