Estimation techniques for GMSK using linear detectors in satellite communications

This paper describes data-aided signal level and noise variance estimators for Gaussian minimum shift keying (GMSK) when the observations are limited to the output of a filter matched to the first pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) pulse in the equivalent PAM representation. The estimators are based on the maximum likelihood (ML) principle and assume burst-mode transmission with known timing and a block of L₀ known bits. While it is well known that ML estimators are asymptotically unbiased and efficient, the analysis quantifies the rate at which the estimators approach these asymptotic properties. It is shown that the carrier phase, amplitude, and noise variance estimators are unbiased and can achieve their corresponding Cramer-Rao bounds with modest combinations of signal-to-noise ratio and observation length. The estimates are used to estimate the signal-to-noise ratio. It is shown that the mean squared error performance of the ratio increases with signal-to-noise ratio while the mean squared error performance of the ratio in decibels decreases with signal-to-noise ratio. Simulation results are provided to confirm the accuracy of the analytic results.     

宽带卫星通信信号的多维星座图解调方法

高速卫星数据传输需要利用较高调制维度和较多星座点数来实现,一方面导致接收端具有较大实现复杂度,另一方面系统可靠性极易受信道非线性影响。针对以上问题,通过对多维星座图信号的解调性能进行理论分析,得到极大后验概率（MAP）解调误符号率（SER）的理论公式,在保证系统SER性能的基础上,提出了基于星座图相关的检测方法。该方法利用脉冲正交性得到接收星座点,对其进行向量相关运算得到解调数据,有效降低了解调判决过程的复杂度。针对信号经过高功率放大器（HPA）后的非线性失真问题,建立了HPA信道估计模型,利用最小二乘（LS）信道估计方法对原解调星座图进行修正,提出了基于修正星座图的解调方法。仿真结果表明,该方法在降低实现复杂度的同时,有效提高了系统抗HPA信道非线性失真的能力,可实现对宽带高速卫星通信信号的高效准确解调。     

Degradation of Signal-to-Noise Ratio Due to IF Filtering

A receiver for biphase modulated signals using an integrate-and-dump filter is optimum only if the IF filter bandwidth is infinite. Finite IF filter bandwidth results is a performance degradation. Using the predetection signal-to-noise ratio as the performance criterion, a lower bound on this quantity is determined as a function of the ratio (IF filter bandwidth)/(bit rate). The corresponding upper bound on the error probability is also presented.     

Pulse-Position Modulation Based on Energy Detection

A pulse-position modulation (PPM) system based on energy detection is described. The system is shown to be applicable to a communication system in which the arrival times of signals are unknown. The decision statistics are chisquare distributed (either central or noncentral), and recursive methods of computing probabilities of error are derived. A simple digital processor for implementing the system is also described.     

基于贝叶斯模型的长码DS-CDMA信号扩频码与信息序列联合估计

 针对长码直接序列扩频码分多址(DS-CDMA)信号的盲解扩,在信号模型分析的基础上,提出了一种基于可逆跳跃的马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗(RJ-MCMC)扩频码和信息序列联合估计算法。该算法分别对建立的联合后验分布模型进行迭代抽样,并有效地在不同维数的子空间中跳转,从而构造一条马尔可夫链,使其平稳分布为待估参数的后验分布,最终拼接得到每个用户的完整扩频序列和信息序列估计。仿真结果表明:该方法在迭代二十几步时达到收敛;并且在功率相同和不同条件下,当信噪比(SNR)大于-9 dB时,估计序列与真实序列的相似度均超过0.95,信息序列的误码率低于0.01;同时算法对不同用户个数和不同调制样式具有较强的适应性,与Fast-ICA算法相比,估计性能平均提高了约3 dB。     

Threshold Performance of Suboptimum PPM Receivers

The threshold performance of a pulse position modulation (PPM) telemetry system which uses a slicer for a detector, suboptimum technique, is investigated, and curves for predicting the occurrence of threshold are developed.     

液压Stewart平台基于工作空间综合偏差的同步控制

 为了抑制轨迹跟踪过程中各自由度运动之间的相互干扰,将平台跟踪的轨迹进行泰勒级数展开,提出基于工作空间含有各向自由度运动自身跟踪偏差和各自由度运动之间耦合干扰偏差的综合轨迹跟踪偏差量的表达式。根据工作空间综合偏差量反馈,利用反步法设计鲁棒控制器,使各向自由度运动自身跟踪偏差与之间的耦合偏差同时稳定地趋于零,以限制跟踪过程中各自由度运动之间耦合干扰。同时,考虑到实际平台惯性参数不确定性,推导得出惯性参数自适应律,以提高系统的跟踪精度。利用AMESim与MATLAB进行联合仿真验证,结果表明:与传统的比例 积分 微分（PID）控制器相比,该方法在保证各自由度运动自身跟踪偏差稳定收敛的同时有效地降低了各自由度运动之间的耦合干扰偏差,更有效地提高了平台的跟踪性能。     

The Performance of Analog Correlators for Several Integrator Functions

A measure of analog correlator performance is considered and interpreted reted as an output signl-to-noise ratio. This quantity is shown to depend on the fourth-order expectation of the input signals and the characteristics of the integrating system. Based on the output signal-to-noise ratio, figures of merit are established for correlators utilizing an ideal low-pass filter, an RC filter, and a finite time integrator. These figures of merit indicate to what degree the correlators reject noise components. For jointly Gaussian inputs, the variation of the output signal-to-noise ratio with the input signal-to-noise ratio is shown to be independent of the integrating system. Finally, a graphical comparison indicates the characteristics of the three systems for several different parameters. This comparison shows that the finite time integrator is superior to the other two systems considered.     

面向声源定位的改进广义互相关时延估计方法

面向以数字微机电系统(MEMS)麦克风作为声传感器的声源定位阵列,完成了前端麦克风阵列的电路设计和以现场可编程逻辑门阵列(FPGA)为核心的数据采集系统的开发,并对麦克风输出的脉冲密度调制信号进行了降采样处理.针对传统的广义互相关算法在低信噪比下时延估计误差较大的问题,提出了一种改进PHAT加权函数的方法.在同等条件下对基于不同加权函数的广义互相关算法进行了MATLAB仿真验证,实验结果表明,在低信噪比条件下该方法相较于传统的广义互相关算法,时延估计误差更小且抗噪性能更强.     

基于功率复用的椭圆球面波函数非正交调制方法

围绕如何降低基于椭圆球面波函数的非正交调制（PSWF-NPSM）系统误码率，降低信号检测复杂度，引入调制信号功率复用思想，提出基于功率复用的椭圆球面波函数非正交调制（PD-PSWF-NPSM）方法。该方法对载波信号按子波带进行功率分配，增加了调制信号最小欧式距离，降低了系统误码率；在接收端，提出基于检测统计量的串行干扰相消信号检测方法，依据不同支路信号间功率差异，对信号进行分离、检测。理论与仿真分析表明，该方法在不降低系统频带利用率、调制信号功率谱、峰均功率比特性前提下，能够有效提高系统误码性能，降低调制信号检测复杂度；与原非正交调制方法相比，当误比特率（BER）为10^-5时，所提方法系统误码性能提升约1.7 dB。     

Decision-Directed Detector for Overlapping PCM/NRZ Signals

A decision-directed (DD) technique for the detection of overlapping PCM/NRZ signals in the presence of white Gaussian noise is investigated. The performance of the DD detector is represented by probability of error PE versus input signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). To examine how much improvement in performance can beachieved with this technique, PE's with and without DD feedback are evaluated in parallel. Further, analytical results are compared with those found by Monte Carlo simulations. The results are shown in good agreement.     

Asymptotic Performance of Sparse Signal Detection Using Convex Programming Method

The detection of sparse signals against background noise is considered. Detecting signals of such kind is difficult since only a small portion of the signal carries information. Prior knowledge is usually assumed to ease detection. In this paper, we consider the general unknown and arbitrary sparse signal detection problem when no prior knowledge is available. Under a Neyman-Pearson hypothesis-testing framework, a new detection scheme is proposed by combining a generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT)-like test statistic and convex programming methods which directly exploit sparsity in an underdetermined system of linear equations. We characterize large sample behavior of the proposed method by analyzing its asymptotic performance. Specifically, we give the condition for the Chernoff-consistent detection which shows that the proposed method is very sensitive to the 2 norm energy of the sparse signals. Both the false alarm rate and the miss rate tend to zero at vanishing signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), as long as the signal energy grows at least logarithmically with the problem dimension. Next we give a large deviation analysis to characterize the error exponent for the Neyman-Pearson detection. We derive the oracle error exponent assuming signal knowledge. Then we explicitly derive the error exponent of the proposed scheme and compare it with the oracle exponent. We complement our study with numerical experiments, showing that the proposed method performs in the vicinity of the likelihood ratio test (LRT) method in the finite sample scenario and the error probability degrades exponentially with the number of observations.     

Spectrum Distortion Due to Frequency Instabilities in a Two-Way Coherent Doppler Radar

The power spectral density of the intermediate frequency signal in a coherent Doppler navigation radar is derived. The effects of antenna parameters, periodic frequency instabilities, signal two-way transit time, and transmitter frequency modulation noise are considered Several examples based on the measured frequency modulation noise of a solid-state source transmitter are presented. The results indicate the degree of loss in signal-to-noise ratio, and spectrum broadening due to an increase in signal transit time and/or frequency modulation noise.     

Monopulse Radar Angle Tracking Accuracy with Sum Channel Limiting

The variance of angle tracking error is found for an amplitude-comparison form of monopulse radar when the sum channel contains a limiter prior to the angle error detector. The error expression is valid for any shape of transmitted pulse and any duration of range tracking gate but does assume matched filters in signal processing channels. The procedures used are rigorous and an example of results is worked out for the special case of a rectangular transmitted pulse envelope. It is shown, for rectangular pulses, that achievable angle tracking error variance with sum channel limiting is not more than 2.22 dB larger than the theoretical minimum for any processor and not more than 1.29 dB larger than a similar signal processor that uses a "linear" angle error detector. Results apply for large single-pulse signal-to-noise ratio.     

A Semi-Empirical Approach to the PLL Threshold

This correspondence considers the response of the PLL near threshold to an input consisting of a modulated carrier and white, Gaussian noise. For high input signal-to-noise power ratios ?, the output noise power is Gaussian with a parabolic spectrum. As ? is decreased, the PLL tends to lose lock which gives rise to impulses or ?spikes? in the output with a resulting white power spectrum. The additional output noise due to these ?spikes? causes a threshold in the output signal-to-noise ratio. Unfortunately the loss of lock rate in the PLL depends on the modulation as well as the noise power. A semiempirical approximate expression for the loss of lock rate as a function of the noise and sinusoidal frequency modulation is presented and is used to determine the optimum design procedure for PLL's to demodulate FM signals of varying modulation indexes, ?.     

FSO链路中基于平均信噪比的自适应功率传输技术

文章提出了 1种基于平均信噪比(Signal-to-Noise Ratio,SNR)的自适应功率传输技术,旨在补偿大气湍流引起的闪烁效应,以提升自由空间光(Free-Space Optical,FSO)通信系统的性能。在无需大气湍流状态信息估计的情况下,根据接收信号的平均 SNR来调整发射信号的发射功率,实现基于自适应功率传输技术的大气湍流效应补偿。建立了不同湍流强度下具有不同噪声水平的信道模型,并将所提出的技术与固定阈值判决(Fixed Threshold Deci-sion,FTD)和自适应阈值判决(Adaptive Threshold Decision,ATD)技术进行了比较分析。仿真结果表明,在不同的湍流强度下,该技术的误码率(Bit Error Rate,BER)性能相较于 FTD有了显著的提高,并且接近于 ATD。因此,该技术可以有效提高 FSO链路的通信能力。     

Maximun Posterion Probability Demodulation of Angle-Modulated Signals

An algorithm is presented for maximum posterior probability (MPP) demodulation of angle-modulated signals. A sampled data version of the problem is considered, in which additive Gaussian noise and Gaussian modulating signal are assumed. The algorithm is a numerical method for solving the nonlinear equations which are necessary conditions for MPP estimation. Results of a simulation of the algorithm are presented and discussed. Improvements in performance with respect to a phaselocked loop appear to stem from use of data before and after the time position of a phase estimate and from optimization of performance at low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as well as at high SNR.     

基于级数展开的位置误差加权定位方法

随着对海洋探索的愈加深入,对水下目标探测能力的要求也愈发严格。针对噪声干扰严重时算法性能大幅度下降的问题,文章主要研究仅利用分布式矢量水听器的波达方向信息对未知目标进行融合定位。在已有的基于位置误差加权方法的基础上,利用几何二次约束减小波达方位角量测误差,并结合泰勒级数展开,将一阶权值推导至高阶,解决在低信噪比情况下定位精度差的问题。仿真结果表明:相对于传统的基于方差倒数的自适应加权算法,该方法在定位精度上有很大提高,尤其在低信噪比的情况下效果显著。     

多载波调制结合Turbo编码技术的性能分析

多载波调制是一种有效克服衰落信道频率选择性的技术,从而显著减少码间干扰(ISI)。Turbo码以其接近香农极限的工作性能受到人们的注目,它能在极低信噪比条件下提供可靠通信。把多载波调制与Turbo 编码结合起来能够对整个系统提供显著的性能增益。本文试图对采用这两种技术的通信系统给出性能上的评估。     

环境激励下基于chirplet变换的线性时变系统参数识别

提出了针对时变系统响应的短时频率线性时变假设,通过将时变响应拟合成多分量线调频信号,根据线调频信号互相关理论推导了随机白噪声激励下时变系统的物理参数识别方法。该识别方法只需基于结构的加速度响应,便能识别结构的时变质量和刚度。由于引入了调频斜率刻画响应信号的短时频率线变特征,该方法相比传统识别方法能更好地追踪快变甚至突变参数,对实际工程中的时变问题具有重要的应用价值。仿真算例中构造了1个3自由度时变结构模型,针对线性时变、周期时变和突变等情况进行了物理参数的识别,误差分析显示识别误差均在5%以内,仿真结果验证了方法的正确性和适用性。