流量系数可控弹性自适应高超进气道研究

为实现采用气动变几何的设计思想使高超进气道在宽马赫数范围内控制流量系数的目的,针对二元进气道,采用数值计算的方法,通过改变压缩面的上下压差使压缩面产生弹性变形,从而控制不同马赫数下进气道的流量系数。数值计算结果表明,在非设计点来流马赫数为4.5,5.0,5.5条件下,流量系数的可控范围分别为0.787~0.889,0.856~0.972,0.923~1.000,各马赫数所对应的最大流量系数分别比定几何条件下提高了14.2%,13.7%,7.4%,并对出口截面的总压恢复系数也略有提升。由此证明,气动变几何的设计思想是可行的,可以实现在宽马赫数范围内控制流量系数的目的。     

一种宽马赫数变几何超声速进气道气动性能研究

为了改善二元宽马赫数超声速进气道非设计点下的气动性能,设计了一种来流马赫数为2.0~4.5的变几何超声速进气道,对其气动性能开展了数值仿真研究,得出了性能较优的变几何方案,并与相应的定几何进气道进行了对比.研究结果表明:采用变几何方法可提高进气道在转级点的气动性能;随着来流马赫数的增大而增加进气道的楔角及内收缩比,可降低进气道的喉道马赫数;采用该变几何方法可有效提高进气 道宽工作范围的气动性能,在某些状态下流量系数和总压恢复系数比定几何进气道分别高出19.4%和55.8%.      

二元高超声速变几何进气道气动特性研究

设计了一种唇罩可沿来流方向平移的二元高超声速变几何进气道,对进气道开展了三维数值仿真研究,就气动特性与相应定几何进气道进行了对比.结果表明:通过迎着来流方向平移唇罩,进气道内收缩比由1.80下降至1.57,自起动马赫数由4.9下降至3.4.在来流马赫数为4.0~7.0范围内,变几何进气道与定几何进气道隔离段出口马赫数和增压比相差不大,变几何进气道流量系数和总压恢复系数可实现提升最大值分别为21%和9%.二元高超声速变几何进气道综合气动性能明显高于定几何进气道.      

一种超声速颌下进气道变几何方案研究

针对宽范围定几何颌下进气道高马赫数下的压缩量不足问题，提出了一种喉部滑块前后移动的变几何调节方案，该方案通过滑块前后移动改变高低马赫数下的喉道尺寸，使进气道能够满足高低马赫数下的压缩量要求。本文提出了两种滑块布局方式，针对内锥侧滑块布局方式，按调节原理进行了滑块型面与进气道内流道型面的匹配设计，并将变几何颌下进气道与定几何方案进行了性能比较。数值研究表明：按Ma2.5-Ma4.0范围设计的变几何颌下进气道，在设计点，临界状态出口总压恢复系数为0.51，较公开文献中定几何方案提高8.5%；在Ma4.0，0°攻角工况下，临界状态出口总压恢复系数为0.46，提高12.2%；在Ma2.7，1°攻角工况下流量系数为0.69, 临界状态出口总压恢复系数为0.78。气动性能表明，该颌下进气道性能优越，调节方案简单可行。     

一种多热力循环组合发动机进气道设计方案

针对马赫数0~6的预冷涡轮+冲压组合多热力循环发动机的宽范围工作要求，提出了一种在马赫数2~6范围内流量系数为1.0的宽范围轴对称进气道变几何调节方案，通过中心锥与分流板的协同平移运动，可在满足涡轮与冲压两通道流量分配要求的同时，实现两通道压缩量的匹配调节。对起始半锥角分别为20°和13°的两种变几何进气道方案开展了设计与对比研究。结果表明：起始半锥角对最终方案设计影响最大，起始半锥角为13°的进气道方案较起始半锥角为20°的方案，冲压通道和涡轮通道在来流马赫数为6时临界总压恢复分别提高了16%和14%，最大迎风面积减小了12.4%，但中心锥和分流板平移调节距离分别增加84%和91%。     

内收缩比可控的二元高超声速变几何进气道研究

提出了一种进气道内收缩比可控、包括唇口后退等几何动作的变几何进气道的设计思路,给出了具体的设计过程及影响因素.据此开展了二元高超声速定、变几何进气道气动方案设计,并进行了细致的数值模拟,给出了进气道气动性能参数随来流马赫数的变化规律,将定、变几何进气道气动性能进行了对比分析,结果显示:设计马赫数下,定、变几何进气道气动性能基本相同;非设计马赫数下,变几何进气道的流量系数明显高于定几何方案,且马赫数越低,两者相差越大.静压比、温升比、总压恢复系数及隔离段出口马赫数则相差不大.      

曲锥前体/三维内转进气道一体化设计与分析

对圆锥流场在不同攻角条件下的气动特征进行分析,以流线追踪技术为基础,发展了一种曲锥前体/三维内转进气道一体化设计方法,获得了三个几何参数对一体化方案外形和性能的影响规律。研究发现,三维内转进气道侧壁外扩角对进气道流量捕获系数影响明显,而捕获形状圆心角对进气道的影响主要表现在几何特征上。此外,进气道流量捕获系数随外压缩段总长度的增大而减小。基于对捕获形状的研究,设计了一种曲锥前体/三维内转进气道,并通过数值模拟对该方案进行研究。结果表明:在设计点来流马赫数为6.0时,该方案进气道流量捕获系数能够达到0.93,且具有0.61的总压恢复系数;在非设计点来流马赫数为5.0时,流量捕获系数能够保持在0.86,总压恢复系数为0.77。      

二元外并联RBCC进气道变几何方案研究

为改善RBCC进气道在高马赫数下喉道段变几何部分的连接和气动热问题,参考外并联TBCC进气道的变几何方案,对RBCC进气道进行了外并联变几何研究。在低马赫数区间,通过调节使进气道获得合适的总收缩比和两通道的相同内收缩比,使得两通道喉道和出口截面的性能参数相近来减小掺混损失和达到相近的抗反压能力。在高马赫数区间,关闭低速通道,高速通道型面不变。数值模拟结果表明:在来流马赫数2.0,2.5,3.0,3.5下两通道喉道和出口截面的平均马赫数相差在0.05范围内,流量系数保持在0.7左右;在整个工作范围Ma=2~6内流量系数较高,总体性能较优,该变几何方案是正确可行的。     

矩形截面高超声速变几何进气道研究

为了改善宽马赫数范围工作的进气道性能,对矩形截面高超声速变几何进气道进行了研究,提出并设计了一种包括唇口开启、唇口后退等几何动作的变几何进气道设计方案。据此在马赫数Ma=4.0～6.5范围内设计了矩形截面高超声速变几何进气道,采用数值仿真方法对其气动性能开展了研究,并与定几何进气道性能进行了对比。研究结果表明:设计马赫数及高于设计马赫数条件下,变几何进气道与定几何进气道的性能基本相同。低于设计马赫数时,变几何进气道的性能明显优于定几何进气道。     

密切曲内锥乘波前体进气道低马赫数性能试验研究

基于密切曲内锥乘波前体进气道的一体化设计方法,生成了内外流匹配的一体化三维乘波前体进气道理论构型。在几何约束条件下,完成了实用化构型设计,其总收缩比4.6,内收缩比2.0。开展了来流马赫数3.0,3.5,4.0条件下的风洞试验研究。试验研究结果表明,一体化前体进气道可以在来流马赫数3.5及以上自起动;在马赫3.5和4.0,攻角0°时,其流量捕获系数分别为0.65和0.73,最大抗反压性能分别为26倍和38倍的来流压力。本文的试验研究结果,证实了设计的一体化密切内锥乘波前体进气道能够在吸气式高超声速飞行器的低马赫数端正常工作,并具备较高的流量捕获系数。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.