射频离子推力器放电与引出特性调节规律仿真与试验研究

获得射频离子推力器放电与引出特性调节规律,是制定性能调节控制优化算法的核心问题。为了获得射频离子推力器放电与引出特性,采用数值计算与试验研究的手段,对LRIT-40射频离子推力器放电与引出特性调节规律开展了研究。研究结果表明:模型能够正确描述放电与引出特性调节规律;射频功率适合作为精调参数,用于连续平滑地调节性能;屏栅电压调节存在明显拐点,当屏栅电压低于拐点,可配合射频功率对性能进行精调;当屏栅电压高于拐点,适合作为快速响应调节参数;65W～85W射频功率、800V～1500V屏栅电压能够实现推力1.5mN～4.7mN,比冲1300s～3920s宽范围调节,制定性能调节优化控制算法时,应根据需要选取最小参数调节区间。     

离子推力器多模式化研究

为了实现离子推力器多模式化,分析了离子推力器功率宽范围调节限制因素,提出了两种宽范围调节策略;针对我国小行星探测任务,完成了30cm多模式离子推力器研制、功率宽范围调节限制条件确定、以及两种调节策略下多模式工作点设计及对比研究。结果显示,通过降低放电室磁场强度可延伸离子推力器最小稳定工作功率,提高束流均匀性,实现离子推力器更宽功率范围多工作点设计;功率宽范围调节主要是屏栅电压和束电流的宽范围调节,二者通过栅极导流系数限制和交叉限制而约束;推力随功率增加呈线性增加关系,比冲随功率的增加总体上呈先快速增加后趋于稳定的趋势;30cm多模式离子推力器在0.25kW～5kW内稳定工作,推力10mN～186mN,比冲1522s～3586s。     

多模式离子推力器流率特性实验研究

为了实现多模式离子推力器在宽功率范围内最优性能和可靠性,基于30cm多模式离子推力器通过实验开展了阴极和中和器羽状模式转变点流率、放电电压30V对应阴极流率和放电损耗曲线与束电流关系研究。30cm多模式离子推力器束电流从0.3A增加到3.3A时,阴极羽状模式转变点流率值从0.017mg/s增加到0.163mg/s,放电电压30V对应阴极流率从0.129mg/s增加到0.231mg/s,中和器羽状模式转变点流率从0.030mg/s增加到0.191mg/s。随放电室工质利用率的增加,在小束电流下放电损耗迅速增加;当束电流大于1.5A时,放电损耗对放电室工质利用率的变化较为迟钝。基于上述流率特性实验结果完成了30cm多模式离子推力器宽功率范围35个工作点下最佳流率设计。在设计的工作流率下,放电电压小于30V,阴极和中和器均工作在点状模式,实测推力为9.6mN~185.2mN、比冲为1332s~3568s、功率为258W~4761W。     

阳极电流和屏栅电压对5kW离子推力器性能的影响

为了研究5kW离子推力器功率宽范围工作能力,采用试验的方法得到阳极电流和屏栅电压与其性能的影响关系。研究结果表明：离子束流随阳极电流增大呈线性增大。当屏栅电压增加时,推力器离子束流先增加然后趋于稳定,加速栅电流单调减小。推力随功率增大呈线性增长,比冲随功率的增大呈非线性增长,在功率308W~4813W下实现了推力12mN~184mN,比冲1817s~3538s, 效率34%~67%的宽范围调节。同时推力器效率随功率增大逐渐增大,并在2902W时存在明显拐点,在实际在轨应用中要根据任务需求确定最佳工作区间提高推力器性能和效率。     

小功率氮电弧推力器的性能

采用自然辐射冷却结构的小功率电弧推力器,实现了以氮气为推进剂的长时间稳定运行。采用间接测力方法得到推力,利用铜镜反射法拍摄喉道处的放电状态,结合测量的弧电压、弧电流和气流量数据以及导出的比冲和推力效率,对推力器运行性能和放电特性进行了研究。结果显示:在气流量为100~700mL/min,输入功率为35~55W的条件下,最大推力约为24mN,最大比冲接近175s,当弧电流为80~120mA范围内变化时,弧电压变化范围为420~520V,并且弧电压随气流量的增加呈现出先下降后上升的趋势。      

LHT-100霍尔推力器宽功率范围工作实验研究

为了研究兰州空间技术物理研究所口径为100mm的LHT-100霍尔推力器宽功率范围工作性能,从实验的角度研究了放电电压100~400V、放电功率500~1800W时LHT-100霍尔推力器的工作性能。实验结果表明,LHT-100霍尔推力器可以在较宽功率范围内正常工作,放电特性和推力性能稳定,推力变化范围为30~95mN,比冲变化范围为600~1950s,推力效率变化范围为18%~53%,功率推力比变化范围为14.3~18.4W/mN。     

小功率氩电弧推力器性能实验研究

为了对适合小卫星使用的电弧加热推进系统的优化设计提供一定的参考,自行设计了输入电功率数瓦至数十瓦的小功率电弧等离子体推力器及其运行性能实验系统,包括一种气动小推力的间接测量系统。对四种不同喷管结构和尺寸的小功率电弧推力器,实验检测了所产生的推力随着弧电流和推进剂流量的变化。结果显示:在气流量4.5~10.5mg/s,输入功率3~35W的条件下,推力器产生的最大推力约为9.7mN,最大比冲约为110s;减小喉道直径,适当增加扩张比有助于提高小功率Arcjet的性能;当弧电流在10~110mA范围内变化时,弧电压的变化范围约为210~280V,气体的放电形式有别于传统的电弧加热推力器。      

10cm离子推力器放电室性能优化研究

要实现离子推力器较高的效率和比冲等综合性能指标,优化的放电室性能是其首要的前提条件。为了获得10cm离子推力器优化的放电室性能,在放电室初始设计方案基础上,通过对工作参数和结构参数的不同组合试验,开展了性能优化研究,采用的主要手段是关键特征尺寸调节、流率调节和磁场参数的调节。试验获得了不同参数组合的性能变化趋势,得出了优化的放电室结构参数和工作参数。优化后的离子推力器综合性能试验结果表明,在推力15.6m N、比冲3100s的设计工况下放电损耗约为227W/A,放电室工质利用率为91%。     

10cm氙离子推力器变推力特性研究

非重力阻尼的连续、快速、高精度补偿是实现重力梯度测量卫星精细重力场测量的关键技术之一,直接影响到整星工程任务的成败。针对重力梯度测量卫星在轨飞行期间对电推进系统宽范围连续变推力能力的应用需求,分析了10cm氙离子推力器推力调节响应特性。在此基础上,通过对阳极电流、励磁电流和阳极流率等推力高敏感响应参量的组合调节,开展了推力调节试验研究,验证了10cm氙离子推力器宽范围连续变推力调节能力,获得了1～20mN范围内的推力调节性能及其变化规律。试验结果表明：在采用地面供电、供气设备条件下,10cm氙离子推力器能够在100～597W的功率范围内实现0.98～20.29mN的推力宽范围调节,比冲175～3500s,推力分辨率优于50μN。研究为建立10cm氙离子电推进系统的推力控制数学模型及调节控制算法奠定基础。     

射频自偏压效应离子推力器束流特性实验研究

为了获得不同推力器工况对射频自偏压效应离子推力器的自偏压幅值和束流特性的影响，本文通过地面实验研究了栅极射频功率、线圈放电功率、工质种类对自偏压幅值和羽流区等离子体参数的影响，同时对直流栅极工况和射频栅极工况下的束流特性进行了对比。研究结果表明：栅极射频功率的增大会提高自偏压幅值并提升束流强度，但在较高栅极射频功率下，栅极下游区域将发生自持放电并形成等离子体；放电腔内放电模式转换会通过改变等离子体阻抗的方式大幅影响栅极直流自偏压幅值和栅极电压的射频分量，进而影响羽流区等离子体参数；与直流栅极工况相比，射频栅极能同时引出并加速离子和电子，并在栅极下游实现自中和，且在Ar,Kr,Xe三种工质下均具有自中和能力。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.