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1.
“嫦娥1号”(CE-1)、“嫦娥2号”(CE-2)都安装了1台太阳高能粒子探测器(High-energetic ParticlesDetectors,HPD)和2台太阳风离子探测器(Solar Wind Ion Detectors,SWIDs),进行了月球轨道200 km和100 km空间环境探测,获得了月球轨道空间高能带电粒子(质子、电子和重离子)能谱随时间的演化特征、等离子体与月球相互作用特征以及太阳风离子速度、密度和温度参量。空间环境探测数据分析结果表明:太阳活动低年、空间环境扰动水平相对较低、月球处于太阳风中时,近月空间带电粒子环境的基本特征与行星际空间相比变化不大。CE-1、CE-2在轨运行期间,发现了多起0.1~2 MeV能量电子急剧增加事件,这些事件发生在月球从太阳风运动到磁尾的所有空间区域,其中20%的事件伴随着卫星周围等离子体离子加速。模拟和统计研究表明:能量电子急剧增加使得绕月卫星和月球表面电位大幅下降导致了离子加速现象的发生;能量电子总流量大于1011 cm-2时,绕月卫星和月球表面充电电位可达负的上千伏。此外,月表溅射与反射太阳风离子、太阳风“拾起”离子等空间环境事件的发现,揭示了太阳风离子和月球存在复杂的相互作用过程。  相似文献   

2.
紫晓 《太空探索》2007,(12):34-37
“嫦娥一号”卫星拉开了中国“嫦娥工程”的大幕。如果说“嫦娥工程”中的五大系统谁也离不开谁的话,相对而言,“嫦娥一号”是整个工程的重中之重。因为,一方面,奔向38万千米的月球靠它,对月球进行拍照探测的靠它,向地球传回图像照片的还靠它,没有它,“嫦娥工程”就无从谈起。另一方面,“嫦娥一号”卫星系统不仅较之其它系统有不同的特点,  相似文献   

3.
“嫦娥一号”卫星飞行程序   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
《太空探索》2004,(6):5
  相似文献   

4.
2007年10月24日18时05分,"长征三号甲"火箭高擎着"嫦娥一号"探月卫星从西昌卫星发射场点火升空。"长征三号甲"运载火箭将"嫦娥一号"卫星成功送入近地点205km,远地点50930km,轨道倾角31°的超地球同步轨道。发射获得圆满成功。此次发射的"长征三号甲"运载火箭是由中国航天科技集团公司所属中国运载火箭技术研究院研制的。这是"长征"系列火箭第103次成功发射(连续61次成功发射)。  相似文献   

5.
利用准线性理论计算了磁层高能粒子运动的Fokker Planck方程在可观测相空间的位置项扩散系数,并与绝热不变量径向扩散系数进行对比分析.研究发现:位置项扩散系数随径向距离呈现R6的比例关系快速增大.相同径向距离条件下,由于空间位置项z分量的作用,高纬度地区的位置项扩散系数小于低纬度地区.通过与径向扩散系数对比发现,两者具有相同的量级,但两者的相对大小需要根据具体的扰动形态进行分析.此研究对使用测试粒子模拟磁层高能粒子运动,尤其是根据引导中心理论,利用蒙特卡洛方法求解磁层高能粒子运动的Fokker Planck方程,建立磁层空间高能粒子运动的精细化模型具有重要意义.  相似文献   

6.
宗合 《太空探索》2007,(12):4-7
北京时间2007年10月24日18日05分,嫦娥一号卫星由长征三号甲运载火箭在西昌卫星发射中心成功发射升空。火箭点火24分钟后,星箭分离,将卫星送入近地点高度205千米,远地点高度50900千米,周期约16小时的超地球同步转移轨道,实现了准时发射,准确入轨的目标,取得了发射阶段的圆满成功。  相似文献   

7.
2007年10月24日西昌卫星发射中心,大地轰鸣,烈焰四起,长征三号甲运载火箭搭载我国嫦娥一号月球探测卫星,直冲云霄,奔向遥远的月球,实现了中华民族千年奔月梦想。嫦娥一号是我国自主研制的第一颗月球探测卫星,它的发射成功,标志着中国实施绕月探测工程迈出重要一步,是中国航天发展道路上继人造地球卫星和载人航天之后的第三个里程碑。  相似文献   

8.
空间辐射环境是导致光电倍增管性能衰变甚至失效的主要原因, 由于空间辐射环境的复杂性以及飞行器在空间活动的轨道、设计寿命和光电倍增管的类型不同, 光电倍增管需要的抗辐射屏蔽要求不同. 以太阳同步轨道高能粒子辐射环境为例, 对真空紫外光电倍增管进行了辐射屏蔽的Monte-Carlo计算, 在此基础上提出了运行于该轨道上的真空紫外光电倍增管的高能粒子屏蔽优化组合. 模拟计算表明, 采用Al-W-Al三层结构的屏蔽组合形式, 其中Al层厚2mm, W厚 0.5mm,可将辐射剂量从原本的9.98× 106rad (Si)降低到 8.41× 102rad (Si), 能较好地满足实际使用要求.  相似文献   

9.
嫦娥一号卫星紫外月球敏感器   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
探月工程是我国航天领域的又一项重大工程项目,嫦娥一号卫星是探月工程的第一步。嫦娥一号卫星首次采用了一种全新的光学姿态敏感器——紫外月球敏感器,实现在卫星环月飞行期间的姿态测量任务。紫外月球敏感器是一种以月球为姿态参考源的大视场成像式光学姿态敏感器,本文介绍其工作原理、功能与组成以及在轨飞行试验的相关情况。  相似文献   

10.
月球主要构造特征:嫦娥一号月球影像初步研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
月球在31亿年前已基本停止地质活动,从而保留了其形成初期的信息.这些信息对于认识月球、地球乃至太阳系的形成演化具有重要意义.在已有研究成果的基础上,结合嫦娥一号探月卫星CCD影像数据,从月海穹窿、撞击坑、月岭、断裂、月坑链、月溪及月谷等方面介绍了月球主要构造形式的地质特征、形貌特征及遥感影像特征,对其成因以及所隐含的地质意义进行了分析.结果表明,嫦娥一号CCD影像信息丰富,影像清晰,利用其CCD影像数据进一步研究月球的构造现象是可行的.  相似文献   

11.
    
The Magnetospheric Imaging Instrument (MIMI) on the Cassini spacecraft has observed energetic neutral atoms (ENA) and charged particles at Saturn from mid-2004 to the present. The particles often but not always reveal striking periodic behavior that seems to depend on the type of particle and spacecraft location. When subjected to a Lomb periodogram analysis, energetic electrons (>150 keV) exhibited strong frequency peaks near 10.80 h (the nominal or “base” period of Saturn kilometric radiation) during 2006–2008, but essentially no periodicity during 2005. The electron periodograms also show pronounced “double” frequency peaks in 2007 and 2008. Energetic protons (3–26 keV) show strong peaks near the same period for 2005–2007, but none for 2008. Oxygen ions at the same energies display strong peaks for 2005 and 2006, but not for 2007 and 2008. By projecting the ENA images onto Saturn’s equatorial plane or onto a plane perpendicular to the equatorial plane and then summing the data in the appropriate dimension, “strip” images can be constructed from which a time history can be derived. These time histories of ENA emissions are also subjected to a Lomb periodogram analyses. The energetic hydrogen neutrals (20–50 keV) exhibited periodic behavior only during 2007, while energetic oxygen neutrals (64–144 keV) displayed a strong SKR-like period in 2005 and 2006 but not for 2007 or 2008. Some of this behavior may be due to changing spacecraft aspect relative to the ENA emissions, and some of it may be real. This periodic behavior may be consistent with a rotating anomaly that “flashes” brightly in the midnight-to-dawn sector once per 10.8 h, with the flash parameters depending on particle species and energy.  相似文献   

12.
An important ingredient in theories for diffusion of charged particles across a mean magnetic field are velocity correlation functions along and across that field. In the current article we present an analytical study of these functions by investigating the two-dimensional Fokker–Planck equation. We show that for an isotropic pitch-angle Fokker–Planck coefficient, the parallel velocity correlation function is an exponential function in agreement with the standard model used previously. For other forms of the pitch-angle diffusion coefficient, however, we find non-exponential forms. Also a new, velocity correlation function based, approach for deriving the so-called Earl-relation is presented. This new derivation is more systematic and simpler than previous derivations. We also discuss higher-order velocity correlations and the applicability of the quasi-normal hypothesis in particle diffusion theory. Furthermore, we compute velocity correlation functions across the mean field and develop an alternative theory for perpendicular diffusion.  相似文献   

13.
    
In recent analytical investigations it has been demonstrated that the turbulence behavior at large scales has a very strong influence on the perpendicular diffusion coefficient of charged particles. In the present paper we use computer simulations to investigate numerically cross field transport and particle propagation along the mean magnetic field for different turbulence models at large scales. Our results are compared with quasilinear theory and nonlinear diffusion theories. We show that for different forms of the turbulence spectrum at large scales, the perpendicular mean free paths obtained numerically are in agreement with recent predictions made by analytical theory. It is also shown that the parallel diffusion coefficient contains always a strong nonlinear contribution which is, however, independent of the assumed spectrum at large scales.  相似文献   

14.
15.
    
We discuss the random walk of magnetic field lines in astrophysical plasmas. Based on the standard theory of field line diffusion we show that there are two asymptotic limits. In these limits field line wandering is universal because in both regimes the field line diffusion coefficient depends only on fundamental length scales and absolute magnetic field strengths. As examples we discuss the field line diffusion coefficient for different prominent turbulence models namely the slab model, the two-dimensional model, and the Goldreich–Sridhar model. We show that the field line diffusion coefficient for the latter model agrees with the results obtained for slab and two-dimensional turbulence in limiting cases. We also discuss the transport of energetic particles perpendicular with respect to the mean magnetic field. Based on the unified nonlinear transport theory we consider again asymptotic limits. It is shown that one can identify four different regimes in which the transport is again universal. In all four cases perpendicular transport only depends on fundamental length scales of turbulence, magnetic field values, and the parallel diffusion coefficient.  相似文献   

16.
    
A heuristic derivation of an improved nonlinear guiding center theory for perpendicular diffusion of charged particles is presented. This new derivation complements previous work which is based on an indirect solution of the Fokker–Planck equation. The new derivation confirms the improved theory for diffusion of charged particles and makes the validity of the theory plausible.  相似文献   

17.
  总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
Chang'E-1 is the first lunar mission in China, which was successfully launched on Oct. 24th, 2007. It was guided to crash on the Moon on March 1, 2009, at 52.36ºE, 1.50ºS, in the north of Mare Fecunditatis. The total mission lasted 495 days, exceeding the designed life-span about four months. 1.37 Terabytes raw data was received from Chang'E-1. It was then processed into 4 Terabytes science data at different levels. A series of science results have been achieved by analyzing and applicating these data, especially \"global image of the Moon of China's first lunar exploration mission'. Four scientific goals of Chang'E-1 have been achieved. It provides abundant materials for the research of lunar sciences and cosmochemistry. Meanwhile these results will serve for China's future lunar missions.  相似文献   

18.
Chang'E-1 lunar Orbiter was launched by Long March 3A rocket from Xichang Satel-lite Launch Center at 18:05BT(Beijing Time) Oct.24,2007.It is the first step of its ambitious three-stage moon program,a new milestone in the Chinese space exploration history.The primary science objectives of Chang'E-1 lunar orbiter are to obtain three-Dimension(3D) stereo images of the lunar surface,to analyze the distribution and abundance of elements on the surface,to investigate the thickness of lunar soil,evaluate helium-3 resources and other characteristics,and to detect the space environment around the moon.To achieve the above four mission objectives,eight sets of scientific instruments are chosen as the payloads of the lunar orbiter,including a CCD stereo camera(CCD),a Sagnac-based interferometer spectrometer(ⅡM),a Laser Altimeter(LAM),a Microwave Radiometer(MRM),a Gamma-Ray Spectrometer(GRS),an X-ray spectrometer(XRS),a High-Energy Particle Detector(HPD),and two Solar Wind Ion Detectors(SWID).The detected data of the payloads show that all payloads work well.This paper introduces the status of payloads in the first phase and preliminary scientific results.  相似文献   

19.
中国月球探测进展(2011-2020年)   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
回顾2011至2020年10年来中国月球探测的进展,重点介绍嫦娥三号和嫦娥四号任务工程实施情况以及取得的主要科学探测成果,展望中国月球和行星探测的未来发展.  相似文献   

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