基于农机与农艺相结合的水稻精量穴直播技术及机具

对水稻直播存在的农艺技术难点,基于农机与农艺相结合的理念,提出了同步开沟起垄水稻精量穴直播技术、同步开沟起垄施肥水稻精量穴直播技术和同步开沟起垄喷施水稻精量穴直播技术,研制成功2BD系列水稻精量穴直播机.生产试验结果表明,采用精量穴直播技术的水稻群体结构合理,减少了直播稻的倒伏现象,实现了水稻节水灌溉种植,产量可比人工撒播、人工抛秧和人工插秧分别增加10%、8%和6%以上;采用同步开沟起垄施肥水稻精量穴直播技术可节肥30%以上,产量提高10%以上;采用同步开沟起垄喷施水稻精量穴直播技术在直播时同步喷施液体地膜成苗率可提高18%以上,产量提高5%以上.     

浸种剂和灌溉对芽期人工低温下直播水稻幼苗质量的影响

在人工气候室内模拟早春"倒春寒"气候特点,研究了"齐苗快"和灌溉对芽期人工低温下直播水稻幼苗质量的影响.结果表明,"齐苗快"浸种结合湿润灌溉有利于提高芽期低温后精量穴直播水稻的幼苗质量.与清水浸种相比,"齐苗快"浸种处理能显著降低湘早籼24号和株两优2号的株高和叶片质膜透性,提高2种水稻品种的叶龄、茎基宽、苗高干质量、总根体积、顶1叶SPAD值;与淹水灌溉相比,湿润灌溉能显著提高2种水稻品种的成苗率,并降低其质膜透性.     

液体地膜覆盖对直播稻抵御芽期低温的效果

为水稻机械化直播推广提供技术支持,减轻长江流域春季低温对直播稻芽期的危害,本文研究了液体地膜覆盖对直播稻抵御芽期低温的效果.试验结果表明,水稻芽期液体地膜覆盖有明显的保墒增温作用,采用体积比1∶ 1稀释液体地膜覆盖,湘早籼24号和株两优2号2个水稻品种的成苗率分别比对照提高了19.25%和22.37%,降低了水稻幼苗的株高,增大了叶龄和单位苗高干质量.表明液体地膜覆盖是直播稻栽培中抵御芽期低温的一项有效技术.     

菜心土壤速效磷丰缺指标及合理施磷量研究

在广东赤红壤地区不同土壤磷含量的菜园土进行菜心磷肥田间试验.根据18个试点的试验结果,提出了质地为中壤土的菜园种植菜心的土壤速效磷丰缺指标,菜心产量与土壤速效磷含量呈抛物线相关.施磷肥增产显著的菜田占68%,增产率为28%～51%;适宜的土壤速效磷(P)为54.6～87.8 mg·kg~(-1);低于此范围应补充磷肥,超过此范围应控制施磷肥.不同磷肥施用量试验结果表明,菜心产量与施磷肥量呈抛物线相关,在低、中、高肥力水平的菜园土种植菜心,要求菜心产量达到6 441～6 515、6 542～6 693和6 880～7 189 kg·hm~(-2)时,推荐磷肥(P_2O_5)用量分别为50.0～76.5、50.0～72.6和50.0～64.1 kg·hm~(-2).     

计算翼型跨音速有势绕流的压强极小积分有限元法

本文采用压强极小积分有限元法计算了NACA 0012翼型的跨音速流场。出发方程为全速位方程。用人工密度的方式引入人工粘性。计算网格是通过解析/数值变换的方法自动生成的。采用线松弛法和人工时间相关法求解有限元方程。给出了有关的数值结果。     

钛蜂窝体制备及压缩性能研究

采用融熔沉积快速成形法制备钛金属蜂窝结构材料,对粉浆制备、钛金属蜂窝结构蜡坯固化、脱蜡等工艺以及所制备的钛蜂窝体的压缩性能进行了研究.结果表明,采用融熔沉积快速成形可以制备钛金属蜂窝结构,工艺简单、尺寸可控,钛蜂窝结构的相对密度在9%～12.6%范围内,屈服强度和弹性模量的增加不大;相对密度超过12.6%后,屈服强度显著增加,但弹性模量增加的幅度不大.通过改变蜂窝体正六边形的边长或改变蜂窝体的壁厚均达到相同的相对密度条件下,蜂窝体的压缩强度差别不大,但对蜂窝体的弹性模量却有显著影响.     

HGB 含量对SiO2 / PF 复合材料性能的影响

采用模压成型复合材料层压板工艺,制备了HGB 质量分数分别为0、3%、5%、10%的SiO2 / PF 复 合材料,研究了HGB 含量对其密度、热物理、烧蚀及力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,HGB 加入可降低SiO2 / PF 密度,提高耐热、耐烧蚀及其力学性能。当HGB 含量为5wt% 时,体系密度为1. 634 g/ cm3;23℃ 时cp 从 1． 062 提高到1. 137 J/ ( g·K),950℃ 时,质量保留率为82. 08%;线烧蚀率和质量烧蚀率分别为91 μm/ s 和 66． 9 μg/ s,降低了35. 9% 和20. 1%;拉伸、弯曲和剪切强度分别提高了12. 86%、21. 50%和7. 80%。     

“神舟八号”飞船实时水稻细胞培育及表达谱芯片分析

成功建立了在空间微重力条件下水稻细胞的培养体系,并在"神舟八号"飞船空间飞行时的微重力条件下对培养过程中的细胞进行了实时固定,保存了水稻细胞中反映微重力条件下基因表达状态的RNA样品。返地后,用RNA质量检测和表达谱芯片方法对回收样品进行了分析。提取的水稻细胞RNA质量检测合格,表明本次空间的实验和固定方法可行和可靠。进一步分析水稻表达谱变化情况显示,微重力条件下水稻细胞的表达谱相比地面重力条件和微重力条件下人工1 g条件下的对照有显著差异。     

连续同步复合法快速制备C/SiC复合材料

连续同步复合法是一种建立在传统 CVI原理基础上的制备碳布增韧陶瓷基复合材料的新工艺 ,在制备过程中碳布通过连续缠绕在旋转的石墨衬底上 ,使纤维预制体的制备与基体的热解沉积同步进行 ,从而实现增韧相与基体在宏观和微观尺度上同步复合。通过控制反应物气体浓度、沉积温度与碳布缠绕线速度 ,达到控制微观孔隙网络与宏观孔隙的协调致密化。采用连续同步复合法制备碳布增韧 Si C基复合材料 ,实际密度可达其理论密度的 93 % ,制备周期显著缩短。     

网格密度对流场解的影响

采用不同密度的网格,利用隐式时间有限差分方法对M6机翼进行了Euler方程解算,用Richardson外插评估数值误差,就网格密度对人工耗散和解的影响进行了分析.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.