水杨酸对盐胁迫下沙冬青幼苗抗氧化酶活性及PSⅡ光化学效率的影响

濒危植物沙冬青Ammopiptanthus mongolicus为亚洲中部荒漠地区唯一的常绿阔叶灌木,具有较高的保护和园林绿化价值.为了解水杨酸对沙冬青在盐胁迫下的缓解作用,使用水培方法培养沙冬青幼苗,测定其在w=1.3%NaCl胁迫下经不同浓度水杨酸处理后的抗氧化酶活性、PSⅡ光化学效率及其他与植物抗性有关的生理指标的变化.结果表明,0.5 mmol·L~(-1)水杨酸处理下,根和茎叶鲜质量比盐胁迫组分别提高了100%和85%,总叶绿素含量达到盐胁迫组的1.3倍;而1 mmol·L~(-1)水杨酸可使根和茎叶鲜质量均提高90%,总叶绿素含量达到盐胁迫组的1.7倍.这2种浓度的水杨酸均可使叶绿素荧光参数恢复到正常对照水平.水杨酸可以显著增强超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性,其中1.0 mmol·L~(-1)水杨酸处理下叶片与根部SOD酶活性分别比盐胁迫组升高了54%和68%;POD酶活性则分别提高了80%和117%,均显著高于对照组与盐胁迫组.同时,水杨酸还抑制了过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性,减少丙二醛积累,从而缓解NaCl对沙冬青的胁迫.但是水杨酸浓度过高(达到2.0 mmol·L~(-1)),沙冬青幼苗生长即受到抑制,各项生理指标均低于单纯盐胁迫下的幼苗.综合各项生理指标,水杨酸1 mmol·L~(-1)的施用效果优于0.5 mmol·L~(-1).     

高温胁迫对岷江百合幼苗耐热指数和理化特性的影响

为了探明岷江百合幼苗在高温胁迫下的生理反应,以离体扩繁的岷江百合幼苗为研究材料,对其进行了不同高温(37 ℃/30 ℃、42 ℃/37 ℃)和不同时间(0、4、8、16、32、48 h)处理,研究了高温胁迫对其耐热指数和有关生理生化指标(叶绿素、丙二醛、游离脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白含量和SOD活性)的影响.结果表明:随着温度的升高和处理时间的延长,植株的耐热指数不断下降,叶绿素含量减少,丙二醛(MDA)含量增加;42 ℃胁迫32 h后,游离脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白含量、SOD活性均达到最大值,分别比对照增加了0.66倍、1.77倍和9.78倍.但胁迫48 h后,指标显著下降,这说明,42 ℃间断胁迫48 h对植株产生了不可逆的的热伤害作用.     

模拟过载对猕猴眼压及视神经的影响

针对航天返回段过载环境可能对眼造成不利影响的问题,研究模拟过载对猕猴眼压及视神经的影响。12只猕猴分为A组和B组,每组6只。采用离心机模拟嫦娥号、阿波罗号过载曲线,A组以卧姿、B组以躺姿分别进行13 G和15 G重力模拟过载,2次过载暴露间隔24 h。于13 G过载前(基线)、13 G过载后、15 G过载前、后应用iCare手持式回弹眼压计测量眼压、离体UBM观察房角结构、HE染色观察小梁网及视神经改变。结果显示：与基线眼压相比,A组和B组13 G、15 G过载后眼压均下降(P<0.001,P<0.05),B组降低幅度小于A组;13 G与15 G过载后两组之间眼压降低幅度均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。B组有1只猕猴双眼出现眼压异常升高伴睫状充血等急性高眼压症状,离体UBM未观察到前房变浅及房角狭窄等异常,HE染色未发现小梁网异常;短暂眼压升高未发现视神经形态有明显异常变化。过载可能导致个别眼压异常升高,短暂过载对猕猴视神经未发现明显影响。     

含高氮化合物BTATz的CMDB推进剂特性

以新型高氮化合物3,6-双(1-氢-1,2,3,4-四唑-5-氨基)-1,2,4,5-四嗪(BTATz)取代RDX制得了BTATz-CMDB推进剂试样,获得了燃速结果,并利用TG-DTG,PDSC,单幅照相、燃烧波温度分布和熄火表面形貌及元素含量测试技术对推进剂的热分解特性及燃烧特性进行了系统研究。结果发现,BTATz的氧平衡值较低,用其取代双基推进剂中的NC和NG后,推进剂的各能量特性参量出现不同程度的降低,因此,BTATz在推进剂中的含量不宜太高。BTATz-CMDB推进剂适用于常规无溶剂成型工艺进行制造;BTATz在燃速提升方面具有突出潜力,尤其在对推进剂主放热反应催化加速的催化体系(邻苯二甲酸铅、己二酸铜和炭黑的混合物)作用下,燃速提升效果更加明显;BTATz-CMDB推进剂燃烧时的火焰符合双基系推进剂火焰的一般特征,但由于BTATz不存在类似RDX那样的熔融过程,该类推进剂燃烧产生了发散火焰束,燃烧表面由熔融状变为疏松珊瑚状,火焰强度增强;随着压强升高,燃烧表面产生发散火焰束的活性点增多,暗区迅速变薄,增加了火焰区向燃烧表面的热反馈,加速了燃烧反应;催化体系对推进剂燃烧反应的气相区影响不大,它加强了凝聚相及表面附近的放热反应,改变了推进剂燃烧表面的结构,在推进剂燃烧过程中,催化剂(新生态)在推进剂的燃烧表面富集,催化了推进剂的分解和燃烧,促进了推进剂燃速的提高。     

短期低温下稀土对麻楝幼苗生理指标的影响

用500和1 000 mg·L-1稀土溶液喷施麻楝Chukrasia tabularis幼苗,置于3 ℃低温下3和7 d后,对其生理指标进行了测定.结果表明:2种质量浓度稀土处理的麻楝幼苗叶片的相对电导率,低温处理3 d后分别比对照显著增加9%和14%,低温处理7 d后分别比对照下降4%和11%.2种质量浓度稀土处理的脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白质含量在低温处理3和7 d后增加.低温处理3 d后,500 mg·L-1稀土处理的幼苗叶片中叶绿素含量比对照和1 000 mg·L-1处理的均显著减少13%,低温处理7 d后,2种质量浓度稀土处理分别比对照显著增加11%和17%.稀土处理的幼苗叶片SOD活性在低温处理3 d后与对照接近或大于对照,低温处理7 d后比对照显著增加8%~11%.低温处理3 d后,500 mg·L-1稀土处理的丙二醛(MDA)含量比对照增加了8%,而1 000 mg·L-1稀土处理和低温7 d后的2种质量浓度稀土处理比对照减少了7%~11%.可见,500 mg·L-1稀土处理的幼苗经历低温7 d后以及1 000 mg·L-1稀土处理的幼苗经历3和7 d后均提高了抗寒性.     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.