江西省齐云山自然保护区的蕨类植物区系

对齐云山自然保护区蕨类植物资源进行调查和文献研究,记录该地区蕨类植物40科86属230种.分析表明:(1)该保护区中蕨类植物的优势科、优势属均表现明显,优势科有鳞毛蕨科、金星蕨科、蹄盖蕨科、水龙骨科和凤尾蕨科等,优势属有鳞毛蕨属、凤尾蕨属、卷柏属、铁角蕨属和短肠蕨属等;(2)属的区系地理成分划为4大类,热带分布的属占优势,为总属数的60.5%,世界分布属占20.9%,温带分布属占17.4%,中国特有属占1.2%;(3)种的区系地理成分也可划为4大类,温带分布种(114种)所占的比例最大(49.6%),热带分布种占有较大的比例(30.0%),中国特有种占18.7%,世界分布种占1.7%;(4)在种的相似性上比较,该保护区与井冈山的相似性系数最高(59.7%),而与大瑶山的相似性系数最低(36.7%).     

粤北常绿阔叶林乔木优势种群结构与格局动态

在粤北车八岭自然保护区内选择具有代表性的常绿阔叶林群落设置2 hm~2的固定样地,应用相邻格子法进行每木调查,分析乔木层优势种群结构、分布格局及生态位特征,探讨群落结构和动态及其内在联系.结果表明:(1)该群落主要优势种为米锥Castanopsis carlesii,乔木层优势树种径级结构为"L"型,群落处于相对稳定的增长阶段;(2)结合垂直分布型结构与生态位宽度分析,可知群落中米锥、荷木Schima superba等占据资源位较多,个体数量及幼苗储备丰富,对资源的竞争力最大;鸭公青Neolitsea chuii及栓叶安息香Styrax suberifolia等次之,尾尖叶柃Eurya acuminata对资源的利用和竞争力最差;(3)应用方差均值比、Lloyd平均拥挤度和聚块指数以及负二项分布指数对优势种群进行格局分析,各种群整体格局均为集群分布,但是在不同的发育阶段,随着径阶增加,种群格局逐渐由集群分布过渡到随机分布.这既与物种本身的生态和生物学特性有关,也与外界环境有密切关系.     

新、老大豆品种冠层产量和光合作用的比较

对10个新、老大豆品种冠层产量和光合作用的研究表明,新品种的产量显著高于老品种(P<0.01),新品种产量主要集中在冠层的中上部,而老品种的产量则以冠层中部最大,冠层上部、下部产量较低且相差不大.新品种植株叶面积和叶面积指数高于老品种,但差异不显著.新品种叶片的光合速率高于老品种,同时,新品种冠层不同部位叶片光合速率差异较小,老品种冠层不同部位叶片光合差异较大,特别是下层叶片净光合速率下降较大;由于新品种的叶面积指数和单位叶面积的净光合速率高于老品种,新品种的光合能力显著高于老品种,特别是冠层下部的光合能力得到了显著改善.     

广东南澳岛中华楠群落结构及种间相关性分析

基于广东南澳岛中华楠Machilus chinensis群落调查,分析了群落的结构特征、物种多样性和种间相关性.结果表明,1 400 m2的样地中,共有维管束植物45种,隶属29科39属.群落的主要优势树种为中华楠、台湾相思Acacia confusa、鸭脚木Schefflera octophylla,整个群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数及Pielou均匀度指数均表现为灌木层＞乔木层＞草本层.16个乔木层优势树种的Pearson相关系数检验中有9个种对存在显著相关.     

陈和洞自然保护区常绿阔叶林物种多度分布格局

根据野外样方调查数据采用对数级数分布、对数正态分布模型研究了广州从化陈和洞自然保护区常绿阔叶林的物种多度分布格局,试图寻找某种适合的理论分布来预测物种多度分布形式,以拓宽常绿阔叶林物种多样性研究的数量分析方法.结果表明,陈和洞自然保护区3个样地中胸径≥ 3 cm的乔木个体共有1 855株,林分平均密度为3 091株/hm2,其中,上库、上库南坡、上库山顶西坡的物种多度分别为648、366和841.以上3个样地的物种多度分布差异极显著(P<0.01),上库、上库山顶西坡处的乔木林树种多度分布格局均遵从对数级数分布和对数正态分布,上库南坡处的乔木树种遵从对数正态分布,但不遵从对数级数分布.总的来说,用对数分布模型描述常绿阔叶林的物种多度分布格局是基本可行的,同时采用"多度/频度"图解方式来探讨物种多度分布的对数分布,效果较好.     

守恒型可压缩一维湍流方法及其在超声速标量混合层中的应用

一维湍流（ODT）方法是一种能在一维计算域上遵循湍流基本物理规律的湍流建模方法。通过结合确定性和随机性求解方法,能够在一维计算域上准确捕捉到湍流统计规律,且降维建模可显著减小计算量。ODT方法主要被广泛用于不可压湍流和湍流燃烧研究,若要将其拓展用于模拟高速可压缩湍流,需对建模方法进行深度改进。相比于不可压ODT方法,本文基于欧拉参考框架,针对可压缩湍流的特性,将因变量由原始变量改为有利于减小可压缩湍流模拟误差的守恒通量,并加入了组分求解模块。对确定性和随机性求解模块均进行了相应的深度改进,开发出具有标量混合模拟功能的守恒型可压缩ODT方法。在确定性模块中改为求解以守恒通量为变量的一维截断控制方程,在随机性模块中构造一维涡时,将三联映射的作用对象也相应地由原始变量改为守恒通量,并选用了可保证变密度情况下动量守恒的双核变换。通过模拟空间发展超声速平面湍流混合层并将自相似阶段结果与实验结果比对,验证该方法对可压缩剪切湍流场中标量混合的捕捉精度。守恒型可压缩ODT方法模拟得到的速度场和组分场的平均剖面和脉动强度分布与实验结果准确吻合,精度明显优于传统的耦合梯度扩散亚格子模型的大涡模拟方法（LES-GRAD.DIFF.）以及耦合线性涡（LEM）亚格子模型的大涡模拟方法（LES-LEM）,且该方法的降维处理使其在降低计算成本方面具有显著优势。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

高超声速边界层的转捩及预测

首先描述了边界层转捩的基本过程及研究内容。在此基础上,指出了高超声速边界层不同于不可压缩边界层的流动不稳定性特性,并介绍了边界层的转捩机理与感受性特征;给出了高超声速三维边界层中预测转捩的常用方法,并着重介绍了多用于工程实际的e N方法以及对e N方法的理性改进,同时列举了在高超声速三维边界层中应用e N方法实现转捩预测的多个实例。最后,分析并总结了高超声速边界层转捩预测所存在的困难及需要解决的问题。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.