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U. Huth 《Acta Astronautica》1981,8(1):79-85
This paper reviews shortly the results obtained by a preliminary call for experiment proposals for future Spacelab flights issued by the European Space Agency in April 1978. The results of this call indicate clearly the trend towards experiments performing studies on the state and the evolution of fluid media. The instrumentation used are mainly multipurpose instruments (furnaces, process chambers) already under development for the first Spacelab flight and new equipment currently under study. 相似文献
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V.M. Korovin 《Acta Astronautica》1982,9(12):723-726
MHD-flow during melting of a spherical metal sample under contactless positioning by alternating magnetic field produced by two circular turns with currents, is investigated. It is shown that when the currents supplying the turns are opposite in direction, electromagnetic forces, originating from the interaction of the Foucault currents with alternating magnetic field, induce two torus-like eddies in the interior of the molten metal drop. 相似文献
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航天用大力矩高精度超声波电机研究 总被引:14,自引:3,他引:14
超声波电机与传统电磁型电机不同 ,它是一种靠摩擦驱动的新原理电机 ,具有低速大力矩、响应快和功率质量比大等特点 ,能直接驱动 ,适合航天领域的应用。先简单介绍超声波电机的特点及其在航天领域的应用情况 ,随后介绍了所研制的一种低速大力矩超声波电机的结构、摩擦材料、特性和步进定位控制策略 ,其结构型式为纵扭复合型 ,样机直径为 80 mm ,堵转力矩达到了 13Nm,转速 12 .5 r/min,重复定位精度优于 0 .0 2 0°,纵扭振动的一阶谐振频率较接近 ,电机的工作频域较宽 ,近 7k Hz,起动时间在 5 m s左右 ,关断时间在 2 m s以内。 相似文献
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文章通过对软件无线电基本理论的研究,得出一种多相滤波数字正交变换的中频软件无线电结构,A/D的采样频率只有原采样频率的一半,这样就降低了对采样器件的要求。为了降低后续DSP处理速度需求压力,文中利用FPGA实现了多相滤波数字正交变换结构的延迟滤波,证明了这种结构的正确性和可行性。 相似文献
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Mendell WW 《Acta Astronautica》2004,55(2):149-155
Historically, advocates of solar system exploration have disagreed over whether program goals could be entirely satisfied by robotic missions. Scientists tend to argue that robotic exploration is most cost-effective. However, the human space program has a great deal of support in the general public, thereby enabling the scientific element of exploration to be larger than it might be as a stand-alone activity. A comprehensive strategy of exploration needs a strong robotic component complementing and supporting human missions. Robots are needed for precursor missions, for crew support on planetary surfaces, and for probing dangerous environments. Robotic field assistants can provide mobility, access to scientific sites, data acquisition, visualization of the environment, precision operations, sample acquisition and analysis, and expertise to human explorers. As long as space exploration depends on public funds, space exploration must include an appropriate mix of human and robotic activity. 相似文献
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Morphological, compositional, and biological evidence indicates the presence of numerous well-developed microbial hyphae structures distributed within four different sample splits of the Nakhla meteorite obtained from the British Museum (allocation BM1913,25). By examining depth profiles of the sample splits over time, morphological changes displayed by the structures were documented, as well as changes in their distribution on the samples, observations that indicate growth, decay, and reproduction of individual microorganisms. Biological staining with DNA-specific molecular dyes followed by epifluorescence microscopy showed that the hyphae structures contain DNA. Our observations demonstrate the potential of microbial interaction with extraterrestrial materials, emphasize the need for rapid investigation of Mars return samples as well as any other returned or impactor-delivered extraterrestrial materials, and suggest the identification of appropriate storage conditions that should be followed immediately after samples retrieved from the field are received by a handling/curation facility. The observations are further relevant in planetary protection considerations as they demonstrate that microorganisms may endure and reproduce in extraterrestrial materials over long (at least 4 years) time spans. The combination of microscopy images coupled with compositional and molecular staining techniques is proposed as a valid method for detection of life forms in martian materials as a first-order assessment. Time-resolved in situ observations further allow observation of possible (bio)dynamics within the system. 相似文献
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电子辐照下聚酰亚胺薄膜的深层充电现象研究 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
空间辐射环境下聚合物绝缘材料的深层充放电效应是威胁航天器安全的重要因素之一。文章利用能量为5~100keV的单能电子枪,研究了不同束流强度电子辐照下聚酰亚胺薄膜样品的深层充电过程。实验表明,在102pA量级的电子束辐照下,聚酰亚胺薄膜样品的表面电位迅速上升后缓慢变化,最终可以达到几kV。在一定条件下,样品表面电位随着辐照电子束流密度和样品厚度的增加而增大;充电达到平衡所需的时间随着辐照电子束流密度和样品厚度的增加而减少。辐照截止后聚酰亚胺薄膜样品内部电荷的泄放需经历较长时间,由衰减时间常数推测出的样品电阻率要比采用传统测量方法得到的结果高一个量级。 相似文献
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以高超声速飞行器为研究对象,建立了高速流场下的星光传输模拟仿真方法,定性、定量地研究平台气动光学效应对星光导航的影响。采用基于k-ω/SST两方程湍流模型的雷诺平均法计算星敏感器安装在飞行器不同位置处(头部、中部和尾部)的外流场密度分布,进而得到流场的空间折射率分布。在此基础上,利用几何光学法计算星光由高速层流流场引起的光程差、点扩散函数、像偏移等光学传输效应,得出经过层流流场的星光降晰图。同时运用统计光学理论计算高速湍流流场引起的星光出瞳面的波像差、密度均方差、相位均方差、Strehl比等光学传输效应,得出经过湍流流场的星光降晰图。仿真结果与理论分析吻合,从而为研究星光在高超声速流场中传输的机理提供了可靠的技术手段。 相似文献
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Field electron emission from aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes has been assessed to determine if the performance, defined by power consumption, lifetime and emission current, is suitable for use in spacecraft charge neutralisation for field emission electric propulsion (FEEP). Carbon nanotubes grown by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) were mounted on a dual in line chip with a macroscopic (nickel mesh) extractor electrode mounted ~1 mm above the tubes. The nanotubes’ field emission characteristics (emission currents, electron losses and operating voltage) were measured at ~10?4 Pa. An endurance test of one sample, running at a software-controlled constant emission current lasted >1400 h, approaching the longest known FEEP thruster lifetime. The emission corresponds to a current density of ~10 mA/cm2 at a voltage of 150 V. These results, implementing mature extractor-electrode geometry, indicate that carbon nanotubes have considerable potential for development as robust, low-power, long-lived electron emitters for use in space. 相似文献
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由于天基雷达覆盖范围广、探测背景复杂,雷达回波会呈现出明显的非均匀特性,从而导致杂波协方差矩阵(clutter covariance matrix, CCM)估计与实际情况出现偏差,从而恶化天基雷达对空中动目标的检测性能。针对上述问题,提出了一种基于相对马氏距离的非均匀样本抑制方法,该方法首先计算所有样本的广义内积(generalized inner product, GIP),在此基础上选取一个合适的样本作为参考。通过比较场景中所有样本与参考样本的马氏距离,将相对马氏距离大于判定门限的样本作为非均匀样本剔除。用筛选后的样本进行杂波协方差矩阵估计,从而提高天基雷达在复杂环境下对空中动目标的检测性能。理论分析和实测数据结果表明,所提算法能够在非均匀环境下有效检测出空中动目标。 相似文献
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文章利用原子氧环境地面模拟设备对航天器用材料ITO/Kapton/Al开展了原子氧环境试验研究。研究中选择的原子氧积分通量为9.1×1019 atoms/cm2,试验真空度为10-2 Pa量级,样品温度分别选取为25℃、70℃、100℃、120℃和150℃,研究样品温度对原子氧环境模拟试验可能造成的影响。试验后利用高精度微量电子天平对样品进行了质量损失测试并计算了材料的反应率,利用TEMP 2000A便携热发射率测试仪和LPSR 300便携光谱太阳吸收率测试仪分别对样品的发射率和太阳吸收比进行了测试。通过试验及分析发现:ITO膜对基底材料的保护较好,材料在试验后质量损失较少,原子氧反应率较低;样品温度的变化对ITO/Kapton/Al材料的质量损失影响较小,但对材料的热物理性质影响较大。 相似文献
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航天器发动机羽流对敏感器热效应仿真研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
采用差分求解N-S方程与DSMC方法相结合的方法,研究了航天器单台发动机连续工作情况下真空羽流对航天器敏感器的热效应。首先通过求解N-S方程,获得发动机喷管的内流场,然后应用DSMC方法对喷管出口外轴对称羽流场进行计算,最后将轴对称羽流场计算结果作为模拟粒子入口边界条件,在并行计算机平台上进行三维羽流场和热效应计算得到航天器单发动机连续工作情况下羽流场对敏感器的热效应。以两个敏感器为例,对仿真结果进行了分析和比较,并得出了相应结论。 相似文献
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月球取样返回器回收半实物仿真系统是通过模拟返回器取压孔附近压力环境,将回收程控装置硬件实物接入仿真系统并构成实时仿真回路的半实物仿真平台。文章介绍了月球取样返回器回收半实物仿真系统的研制意义,对系统总体结构和设计方案、网络环境、运行流程和新的设计特点进行概括,在面向对象的基础上建立了分阶段的月球取样返回器降落伞回收系统整个工作过程的动力学模型,利用空投试验测量数据对模型的仿真精度进行验证分析,并对半实物仿真系统的实时性和压力模拟精度进行了分析。结果表明,半实物仿真系统的各项技术参数均达到设计指标,可为中国探月工程三期中月球取样返回器回收分系统的可靠性评估提供重要的技术支持。 相似文献