航天器供配电测试设备硬件模块化、软件配置化设计思路

目前我国各型号航天器地面供配电测试设备的互换性差,采用硬件模块化、软件配置化的设计思路,可以扩展系统硬件的使用范围、延长系统软件的生命周期,在某航天器的地面供配电测试设备研制中取得了较好的效果,这是对地面供配电测试设备通用化的有益尝试。     

战略导弹测试发射控制系统的发展和导弹模拟器的应用

战略导弹武器系统采用了快速机动使用方式,控制系统实现了全数控方案,地面各种勤务工作的设备做到了智能化.对地面测试发射控制系统的需求发生了变化,测控系统采用了"弹测"和"地测"相结合,以地面计算机控制为主的体制,采用了分布式计算机网络结构方案,自动化测试系统在"三化"方面也有很大进展.测控系统功能扩大了,系统更为复杂,测控软件在配套设备中的份量越来越大,越显重要,测控系统自检尤其是测控软件的测试尤显突出,文中提出采用导弹模拟器解决测控系统自检和测控软件测试问题,还可作为部队模拟训练装置,提出导弹模拟器的组成和设计方法以及使用问题.     

北斗全球系统自主导航地面模拟测试系统设计与实现

针对北斗高精度自主导航性能指标的测试验证,设计了支持北斗全球系统星座的自主导航地面模拟测试系统。利用标准航天器链路通信终端接入星载自主导航计算机,实现以远程仿真测试服务器为核心的模拟测试系统架构,从通信机制、时间同步策略、结果评估方法等方面阐述系统设计原理。工程实践结果表明:文章设计的自主导航地面模拟测试系统,支持在模拟建链场景及误差源的条件下对卫星自主导航进行"跑合"验证,可应用于北斗全球组网卫星设计、测试及在轨运行阶段。其设计方法对其它卫星自主智能任务的测试系统构建亦具有借鉴意义。     

基于插件的航天器测试总控软件系统设计

目前,我国测试总控软件系统存在总控核心软件版本较老、维护和升级困难、系统开放性不足、缺少统一的标准和规范等问题,文章提出了一种基于Java OSGi标准的插件化总控软件系统(PMCS),对PMCS软件的体系架构设计和技术路线进行了详细介绍。PMCS基于地面监视与控制模型(MCM),采用动态可配置的插件化体系结构,并将功能模块划分为核心模块和扩展模块,核心模块可在不同任务间通用,扩展模块可以根据需要进行灵活的部署和修改。经验证,文章提出的技术路线切实可行,可为我国地面总控软件系统的研发提供参考。     

敏捷卫星姿态机动过程分析与可视化判读平台设计

针对传统的成像姿态及姿态角速度的判读方式不再适用于敏捷卫星复杂姿态机动测试的问题,提出了一种基于实时测试场景的载荷对地成像轨迹计算方法,以Matlab软件为计算平台,实现成像轨迹、地面成像点(简称成像点)移动速度等多项指标数据的实时判读;利用Matlab与STK软件双向通信技术,开发了基于STK软件的实时数据可视化判读平台。整星测试结果表明:该平台实现了敏捷机动复杂过程分析与可视化判读,为开展整星综合测试和在轨任务分析提供了理论参考和实用工具。     

星载激光测高地面数据处理设计研究

星载激光测高技术是对地观测系统中最为核心和前沿的信息获取技术之一,因其具有探测方向性好、测距精度高等特点,在地球科学领域中体现出了巨大的应用潜力。在ICESat/GLAS测高地面数据处理系统的基础上,针对将于今年发射的高分七号卫星的载荷特点,设计了一套星载激光测高地面数据处理系统软件。该软件可实现对星载激光测高数据的地面处理并生成3级数据产品,包含激光能量计算、波形分解和激光脚点定位等,以及相应各级产品的数据质量控制处理。利用高分七号仿真数据对该软件进行相应的性能测试,测试结果表明:该系统软件基本满足需求,已初步具备星载激光测高地面数据处理能力。     

一种卫星供配电快速重组测试系统设计

传统卫星地面供配电测试系统多为专用定制设备和配置专用前端软件模式,其缺点是系统通用性差,无法做到重复使用,造成设备研制成本高、周期长,已无法满足卫星测试需要。针对上述问题,文章设计一种快速重组测试系统。该系统通过提炼功能板卡、优化冗余单机、精简电缆接口、建立软件数据流模块和匹配规则库的方式实现。在工程应用阶段,对比快速重组测试系统与传统测试系统的各项系统指标差异,结果表明:快速重组测试系统实现了模块化、小型化、通用化,证明其具备快速重组能力。     

气象卫星地面测试成像终端软件设计与实现

根据气象卫星地面测试对成像终端软件的要求，对成像终端软件的设计与工程实现进行了研究。给出了成像终端软件的接口要求、设计思想、实现方法和可靠性设计等。整星测试结果表明，成像终端软件的设计原理和实现方法合理可行。     

基于Labview的液氧／煤油贮箱压力控制软件

介绍了液体火箭发动机地面试验推进剂贮箱压力控制系统的设计要点、系统组成和在RT实时系统环境中软件的开发过程。详细阐述了贮箱压力控制系统的工作原理、技术特点、系统组成机构,经过多次测试及地面热试车验证,成功实现了多路控制对象的集中控制。     

新一代运载火箭的数据驱动快速测试技术

本文提出一种数据驱动的快速测试技术。数据由箭上系统通过自检测(BIT)采集,经箭地高速总线传送至地面;地面数据处理终端采用与箭上系统相同的模型和算法,复现箭上的处理过程,从而判断系统中是否存在故障,实现快速故障定位。本文全面介绍实现这一设计的关键技术,包括箭上信息监测点的选择、总线窃听技术、飞行软件中的数据管理任务等,并示例说明各类典型数据的分析以及故障诊断和定位等。所有分析工作均实时自动完成,并能随测试用例的调整自适应地计算出新的比对结果,为提高系统级测试的覆盖性创造条件;并大大节省地面专用测试设备和数据分析时间,减少技术保障人员。     

Development,integrated investigation,laboratory and in-flight testing of Chibis-M microsatellite ADCS

Design, analytical investigation, laboratory and in-flight testing of the attitude determination and control system (ADCS) of a microsatellites are considered. The system consists of three pairs of reaction wheels, three magnetorquers, a set of Sun sensors, a three-axis magnetometer and a control unit. The ADCS is designed for a small 10–50 kg LEO satellite. System development is accomplished in several steps: satellite dynamics preliminary study using asymptotical and numerical techniques, hardware and software design, laboratory testing of each actuator and sensor and the whole ADCS. Laboratory verification is carried out on the specially designed test-bench.In-flight ADCS exploitation results onboard the Russian microsatellite “Chibis-M” are presented. The satellite was developed, designed and manufactured by the Institute of Space Research of RAS. “Chibis-M” was launched by the “Progress-13M” cargo vehicle on January 25, 2012 after undocking from the International Space Station (ISS). This paper assess both the satellite and the ADCS mock-up dynamics. Analytical, numerical and laboratory study results are in good correspondence with in-flight data.     

International space station: : Ready to fly

The International Space Station (ISS) is no longer a paper program, focused on design, development and planning. It is an operational program, with hardware soon to be launched and ground systems in place. Additional modules, components and elements are now under construction in almost all of the 16 ISS International Partner and Participant countries, with metal being bent, software being written, and testing ongoing. Crew members for the first four crews are in training in the U.S. and Russia, with the first crew launching in mid 1999. Mission control centers are fully functioning in Houston and Moscow, with operations centers in St. Hubert, Darmstadt, Tsukuba, Turino, and Huntsville going on line as they are required.

The International Space Station, as the largest international civil program in history, features unprecedented technical, managerial, and international complexity. Seven international partners and participants encompassing 15 countries are involved in the ISS. Each partner is contributing and will be operating separate pieces of hardware, to be integrated on-orbit into a single orbital station. Mission control centers, launch vehicles, astronauts/cosmonauts, and support services will be provided by partners across the globe, but must function in a coordinated, integrated fashion. This paper will review the accomplishments of the ISS Program and each of the Partners and Participants over the past year, focusing on completed milestones and hardware. It will also give a status report on the development of the remainder of the ISS modules and components by each Partner and Participant, and discuss upcoming challenges.     

Shuttle avionics verification and integration testing

The Space Shuttle Orbiter employs a fly-by-wire control system of 200 major avionic hardware devices interfacing with five flight computers through a complex data bus system. Responses to man-in-the-loop commands are dependent on the flight software. Early program development testing of the computer and avionic hardware has been accomplished at Rockwell International's Shuttle Avionics Development Laboratory (ADL). Hardware development has led to complete multi-string system testing and flight software evaluations. This paper provides an overview of the ADL. Its role and test capabilities in support of Shuttle development are defined. The nature of computer driven test programs for the Orbiter displays, the Digital Autopilot, and flight software development describe the test bed provided by the ADL.     

基于Pro/E的三维总剂量分析软件实现及其在微小卫星中的应用

微小卫星基于成本和重量的考虑使用了大量COTS(commercial off-the-shelf,商用货架产品)器件。总剂量效应是制约COTS器件航天应用的主要因素之一。为了更加准确地计算COTS器件的辐射剂量,避免过设计,采用Pro/E二次开发技术自主开发了三维总剂量分析软件。与商业软件Space Radiation在简单模型上进行了对比验证,结果表明自研软件计算结果可信。采用自研软件对在研的型号开展三维总剂量分析,降低了对总剂量敏感器件的抗总剂量要求,减小了屏蔽厚度。     

固体火箭发动机推力终止过程的数值分析

本文指出,在大、中型固体火箭发动机的推力终止过程中,打开反向喷管(或辅助排气孔)必定导致产生一系列强度相当大的压力脉冲,而现有的理论分析均不能预估和解释这一现象。本文提供了一组冷模拟实验结果,讨论了产生压力脉冲的原因,提出了估算其强度的方法,并且应用特征线法和激波拟合法进行一维非定常流动的数值计算,发展了一种能够同时预估压力脉冲强度的内弹道计算程序。预估结果与实验曲线吻合良好。     

Training astronauts using three-dimensional visualisations of the International Space Station

Recent advances in personal computer technology have led to the development of relatively low-cost software to generate high-resolution three-dimensional images. The capability both to rotate and zoom in on these images superposed on appropriate background images enables high-quality movies to be created. These developments have been used to produce realistic simulations of the International Space Station on CD-ROM. This product is described and its potentialities demonstrated. With successive launches, the ISS is gradually built up, and visualised over a rotating Earth against the star background. It is anticipated that this product's capability will be useful when training astronauts to carry out EVAs around the ISS. Simulations inside the ISS are also very realistic. These should prove invaluable when familiarising the ISS crew with their future workplace and home. Operating procedures can be taught and perfected. "What if" scenario models can be explored and this facility should be useful when training the crew to deal with emergency situations which might arise. This CD-ROM product will also be used to make the general public more aware of, and hence enthusiastic about, the International Space Station programme.     

软件无线电

介绍软件无线电的概念及背景，描述了软件无线电的体系结构和设计步骤，并且指出软件无线电的关键技术所在。最后，分别以ＳＰＥＡＫｅａｓｙ和Ｓｐｅｃ－ｔｒｕｍＷａｒｅ系统为例详细介绍了软件无线电目前发展的现状。     

从计算机系统角度分析软件可靠性

从硬／软件综合的角度对计算机进行可靠性研究具有非常重要的意义。本文作者对硬、软件相互作用进行了明确的划分和定义。并指出，是现行的软件可靠性黑箱分析方法禁锢了人们从更深层次对于硬／软件系统可靠性进行研究。基于上述认识，本文提出了解决软件分解单元之间耦合问题的办法。进而提出了一种新的软件可靠性分析方法，为对计算机系统进行可靠性分析时，考虑硬、软件之间的复杂的相关作用提供了基础，从而为更准确地评估计算机系统的可靠性提供了可能。文中分析了一个飞行控制系统实例。     

航天器的环境试验及其发展趋势

文章介绍了在航天器研制各阶段中环境试验的应用和环境试验类型,指出了环境试验在保证航天器可靠性中的重要作用.并简单讨论了试验的有效性问题,提出了21世纪航天器环境试验发展的几个重要方面.     

Using Spacelab as a precursor of science operations for the Space Station

For more than 15 years, Spacelab, has provided a laboratory in space for an international array of experiments, facilities, and experimenters. In addition to continuing this important work, Spacelab is now serving as a crucial stepping-stone to the improved science, improved operations, and rapid access to space that will characterize International Space Station. In the Space Station era, science operations will depend primarily on distributed/remote operations that will allow investigators to direct science activities from their universities, facilities, or home bases. Spacelab missions are a crucial part of preparing for these activities, having been used to test, prove, and refine remote operations over several missions. The knowledge gained from preparing these Missions is also playing a crucial role in reducing the time required to put an experiment into orbit, from revolutionizing the processes involved to testing the hardware needed for these more advanced operations. This paper discusses the role of the Spacelab program and the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center- (MSFC-) managed missions in developing and refining remote operations, new hardware and facilities for use on Space Station, and procedures that dramatically reduce preparation time for flight.