Tracking of conventional beamforming with hydrophone array ofvarying geometry

In conventional beamformers of a large towed hydrophone array of fixed linear array geometry the sensors may be displaced from their nominal positions due to various kinds of force on the array. The displacements are usually time varying and can severely degrade the performance of the beamformer. This problem is approached by restoring the sensor output signals before beamforming by adaptively tracking and compensating for the displacements. This approach does not require modifications of the conventional shipboard beamformer and hence can be used cost-effectively to upgrade existing conventional systems. Two adaptive algorithms are used for two different cases: known sensor moving trajectories and unknown trajectories with relatively small displacements compared with the intersensor spacing. Tracking performance of the algorithms is analyzed. Simulation results show that for known sensor trajectories the algorithm significantly improves the performance of the conventional shipboard beamformer whereas only limited improvement can be achieved when the trajectories are unknown     

多重信号分类算法测向精度的仿真分析

作为空间谱估计理论体系中的标志性算法,多重信号分类算法从1979年提出后就一直是阵列信号处理领域的研究热点之一。针对复杂电磁环境中阵列测向的实际应用问题,从多信源、含噪宽带信号、入射角度、阵列间距这4个因素对多重信号分类算法的测向精度作了仿真分析,得出了一些结论。     

Analysis of array errors and a short-time processor in airbornephased array radars

Array errors are inherent in a realistic phased array radar system. The influence of array errors on the clutter degrees of freedom and the clutter subspace in an airborne phased array radar is analyzed. Based on the presented theoretic results, a method of short-time processing followed by coherent integration is proposed for clutter suppression in airborne phased array radars. It can approximate the two-dimensional optimal processor well even in the presence of array errors, clutter fluctuations and aircraft drift, with a considerable saving in computations     

短波段内多重信号分类算法的窄带假设分析

经典空间谱估计算法的两个适用假设是远场平面波和窄带信号。文章利用7单元均匀线列阵仿真分析了短波波段内多重信号分类（MUSIC）算法的窄带假设上限带宽。可以发现：对于短波信号,50kHz的带宽所带来的测向误差不超过O．08°。这就意味着,对于短波通信信号的侦察测向完全可以采用经典空间谱估计算法,比如MUSIC算法,而不需要为窄带假设来付出代价,这便为设计高精度的短波通信实时测向系统提供了条件。     

Finite data performance of MUSIC and minimum norm methods

In the direction of arrival (DOA) estimation problem, we encounter both finite data and insufficient knowledge of array characterization. It is therefore important to study how subspace-based methods perform in such conditions. We analyze the finite data performance of the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) and minimum norm (min. norm) methods in the presence of sensor gain and phase errors, and derive expressions for the mean square error (MSE) in the DOA estimates. These expressions are first derived assuming an arbitrary array and then simplified for the special case of an uniform linear array with isotropic sensors. When they are further simplified for the case of finite data only and sensor errors only, they reduce to the recent results given previously (1989, 1991). Computer simulations are used to verify the closeness between the predicted and simulated values of the MSE     

Noise factor of receiving system with arbitrary antenna impedancemismatch

The system operating noise factor of a receiving system is modeled for arbitrary impedance mismatch of the antenna to the transmission line feeding the receiver. The effect of this mismatch on the noise factors of the transmission line and the receiver is considered. The stochastic nature of the external noise factor is considered. The amount of mismatch that can be tolerated before the internal system noise factor exceeds the external noise factor is determined. Numerical results are presented for a VHF-FM radio receiving system with an electrically short monopole antenna. It is noted that a large impedance mismatch at the antenna-transmission-line interface of a radio receiving system can cause a significant increase in the system internal noise factor (more than a 50-dB increase for a voltage reflection coefficient of 0.999)     

Access control system with hand geometry verification and smartcards

An access control system that joins the uniqueness of biometric verification, as well as the storage security and processing capabilities of smart cards, is defined here. The biometric technique chosen has been hand geometry, which is considered to provide low/medium security (there are other much more secure, as fingerprint, iris or retina), to be easy to use, to achieve high acceptance by users, and which performance is given throughout fast processing and medium cost. Also, the small template size needed for each user is positive for storage and processing capabilities required in the system. But the innovation in the system proposed is that the smart card not only stores the user's template, but also performs the verification process with the features set by the terminal to the card. With this improvement, the security of the system has risen because the template is never extracted from the card, avoiding duplication of such sensible data. The specifications for the enrolment process will be presented as well as the applications where this new system is recommended     

Modeling and analysis of solar Doppler difference bias with arbitrary rotation axis

The solar rotation causes the solar Doppler difference bias, which leads to the decline of the velocity measurement accuracy. Modeling and compensation are an effective solution. The limited model with specific geometric direction, where the solar rotation axis is perpendicular to the plane through the Sun, the Earth and Mars, was established. However, in fact, the geometric relationship among the Sun, Mars and the spacecraft is not fully in line with the hypothesis of the model due to the space...     

Investigation of folded structure geometry with double curvature

We describe principles for constructing a folded structure that is formed from sheet material and has both longitudinal and lateral curvature. The relations are proposed for calculating parameters of the folded structure pattern based on the specified internal geometry parameters.     

一种可任意给定环量分布的螺旋桨设计方法

提出了一种螺旋桨快速设计方法,该方法可以根据任意给定的环量分布及工况快速设计出高效率螺旋桨的几何外形（桨叶弦长、扭转角分布）。为对比有叶素阻力与无叶素阻力的最佳环量分布形式,首先对计入和不计叶素阻力下的最佳环量分布表达式进行了推导,分析了各参数对最佳环量分布形状的影响。然后基于片条理论进行了逆向推导,建立了以环量分布为输入的螺旋桨快速设计方法,并分析了螺旋桨理想效率的影响因素,发现理想效率的水平与来流动压、桨盘载荷有关。最后进行了螺旋桨设计实践,对比分析了不同环量分布下螺旋桨性能的差异。结果表明,所提出的设计方法能够根据给定环量分布进行精确设计,相对误差不超过7%,设计性能与参考文献中设计结果的差别不超过2%。      

Analysis of solar degradation to TDRS S-band phased array antenna

A study of the distribution of gain-to-noise-temperature (G/T) values for the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS) satellite is described. The statistics of the G/T values are determined by a Monte Carlo simulation of the orbital geometry of the Sun and Moon, and the gain and noise temperature calculations is included. The results and their underlying assumptions are described     

RBCC进气道双流道变几何方案研究

提出了一种基于双流道变几何的二元进气道设计方案:通过下流道的开关,实现进气道压缩角和收缩比的调节,使得进气道能够适应更宽的工作范围,并能兼顾与飞行器和燃烧室的一体化设计.研究表明:该方案可在保证原有双模态冲压发动机进气道高来流马赫数性能不变的前提下,将自起动马赫数降至引射/亚燃模态过渡点附近,该方案自起动马赫数为2.8;低来流马赫数时进气道具有较高的流量系数（来流马赫数为3.0时达到0.62）、较高的总压恢复系数（来流马赫数为3.0时达到0.79）和较低的阻力（低来流马赫数时降低了30%多）.      

Probability distribution of complex monopulse ratio with arbitrary correlation between channels

The joint distribution of the real and imaginary parts of the monopulse ratio (MR) is obtained for a monopulse radar with arbitrarily correlated Gaussian noise and non-zero means in the sum and difference channels. The general result is used to consider thresholding and to develop the marginal density for the real part of the MR for the special case of real correlation between the channels.     

Direction-finding with sparse rectangular dual-size spatialinvariance array

A novel sparse array geometry embedding two sizes of spatial invariances is presented for use with a new ESPRIT-based (estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques) algorithm for aperture extension. The half-wavelength invariance yields unambiguous but high-variance direction cosine estimates to disambiguate low-variance but cyclically ambiguous estimates from the larger invariance. With larger invariance at 60 half-wavelengths, resolution threshold for two closely spaced emitters is reduced by 50 dB and estimation error by 100-fold. Array design formulas are also presented     

Control and utilization of range-dependent beampattern with waveform diverse array radars

The transmit antenna beampattern of the phased array radar is only a function of angle, limiting its ability to discriminate the targets from the same direction. Recently, the waveform diverse array radars expand the angle-dependent beampattern to an angle-time-range-dependent three-dimensional function by modulating the frequencies/time delays/phases across different transmit antenna elements. In this respect, extra Degrees-of-Freedom (DOFs) in the range domain are achieved, which opens up an innovative way to fulfil the tasks with enhanced system performance by jointly using the angle and range information. This paper summaries the developments of waveform diverse radars, including the Frequency Diverse Array (FDA), the Space-Time-Circulating-Array (STCA), and the Element-Pulse-Coding (EPC) frameworks, with emphasis on the analysis of the range-dependent beampattern from the basic properties upon how it is controlled. Moreover, the most recent advances of utilizing such a range-dependent beampattern in target detection, parameter estimation and identifiability, clutter suppression, jammer suppression and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging are discussed.     

高超侧压式进气道简单唇口调节方案设计

为最大限度提高侧压式进气道流量系数,在定几何进气道基础上设计了一种唇口可调节的简单变几何方案。唇口设计成前伸的后掠三角形以完全挡住第二溢流窗同时排移侧板分离涡。利用Fluent软件研究了变几何进气道马赫6,马赫4下的气动性能,并与定几何直唇口进气道进行了比较。研究发现,简单的唇口调节措施能在显著改善进气道各项总体性能参数的同时获得更高的流量系数:马赫6设计状态下,可调进气道流量系数达0.93;马赫4非设计状态下,流量系数为0.71,能实现自起动。马赫5.3风洞试验结果表明,高马赫数来流条件下,可调进气道三角形尖唇口对改善下游隔离段内的流动结构具有明显效果。     

Accurate closed-form eigensolutions of three-dimensional panel flutter with arbitrary homogeneous boundary conditions

Highly accurate closed-form eigensolutions for flutter of three-dimensional (3D) panel with arbitrary combinations of simply supported (S), glide (G), clamped (C) and free (F) boundary conditions (BCs), such as cantilever panels, are achieved according to the linear thin plate theory and the first-order piston theory as well as the complex modal analysis, and all solutions are in a simple and explicit form. The iterative Separation-of-Variable (iSOV) method proposed by the present authors is employed to obtain the highly accurate eigensolutions. The flutter mechanism is studied with the benefit of eigenvalue properties from mathematical senses. The effects of boundary conditions, chord-thickness ratios, aerodynamic damping, aspect ratios and in-plane loads on flutter properties are examined. The results are compared with those of Kantorovich method and Galerkin method, and also coincide well with analytical solutions in literature, verifying the accuracy of the present closed-form results. It is revealed that, (A) the flutter characteristics are dominated by the cross section properties of panels in the direction of stream flow; (B) two types of flutter, called coupled-mode flutter and zero-frequency flutter which includes zero-frequency single-mode flutter and buckling, are observed; (C) boundary conditions and in-plane loads can affect both flutter boundary and flutter type; (D) the flutter behavior of 3D panel is similar to that of the two-dimensional (2D) panel if the aspect ratio is up to a certain value; (E) four to six modes should be used in the Galerkin method for accurate eigensolutions, and the results converge to that of Kantorovich method which uses the same mode functions in the direction perpendicular to the stream flow. The present analysis method can be used as a reference for other stability issues characterized by complex eigenvalues, and the highly closed-form solutions are useful in parameter designs and can also be taken as benchmarks for the validation of numerical methods.     

复杂几何形状喷管内外三维流场的数值模拟

研究了球面收敛矩形扩张的二元喷管（ＳＣＦＮ）流场的数值模拟,为了有效地捕获激波与滑流面及较好地模拟分离,采用了Ｒｏｅ格式、ＭＵＳＣＬ方法及Ｖｅｎｄａｔａｋｒｉｓｈｎａｎ限制器、Ｓｐａｌａｒｔ－Ａｌｌｍａｒａｓ方程紊流模型。研究中给出了两个喷管模型四个流动状态的数值模拟结果。结果表明,除了有严重分离的流动情况以外,该算法能得到相当满意的计算结果。     

Experimental phased array radar ELRA with extended flexibility

An update of a phased array radar project with the experimental system ELRA (electronic steerable radar) is given with respect to the extended and improved possibilities for performing measurements and evaluations for different types of radar operation. The variability of waveforms for solid-state transmitters is described. Flexible control of multifunction operation with various search and localization tasks is achieved with a network of microcomputers. Different means of signal processing are used for target detection and estimation. The active receiving array is divided into subarrays, and offers digital beamforming for pattern shaping and adaptive jammer suppression. Experimental results are presented