不同边界层厚度下高马赫数进气道自起动过程研究

为了探寻入口边界层厚度变化对高马赫数进气道自起动性能的影响,对简化的二元高马赫数进气道的加速自起动过程进行数值仿真研究,分析了边界层厚度对自起动过程中流场波系结构变化和自起动性能的影响机制,获得了不同边界层厚度下的进气道自起动性能及主分离包高度的变化规律。结果表明:随着边界层相对厚度从0.05增加至0.3,进气道的自起动马赫数一开始保持不变,然后快速增大;相同主流条件下,不起动流场跨越主分离包无量纲压升和主分离包高度随边界层相对厚度的增大均变小;边界层动量损失厚度和跨越主分离包无量纲压升对进气道起动性能影响重大。     

一种大偏距埋入式进气道气动特性试验

对一种大偏距埋入式进气道进行了高速风洞试验研究,得到了该进气道的气动特性,结果表明:①巡航状态时,出口马赫数的变化对进气道性能影响不大,进气道具有较高的巡航性能.②在试验研究的范围内,随飞行马赫数的增加,进气道性能有所下降;攻角的增加对进气道性能有所改善,侧滑角的变化对进气道性能影响不大.③进/发匹配点时,进气道通道内气流脉动功率谱密度分布呈现白噪声特征,在大攻角或偏航条件下进气道气流脉动功率谱密度有明显的峰值.      

隔板对低外阻二元高马赫数进气道反压特性的影响

为了提高低外阻二元高马赫数进气道的抗反压性能,研究了在内收缩段设置隔板对低外阻二元高马赫数进气道抗反压能力的影响,通过数值仿真计算了两组不同内收缩比的低外阻二元高马赫数进气道内收缩段有/无隔板下的反压特性,并对比分析了相应的流场结构。结果表明,隔板能够显著抑制低外阻二元高马赫数进气道内强激波/边界层干扰现象,改善隔离段入口截面气流参数分布的均匀性,使隔离段内激波串结构上下较为对称地推进。内收缩比1.566进气道引入隔板能够将极限反压提高4.2%。引入隔板能够在增加进气道压缩效率的前提下,提高进气道的最大抗反压能力,拓宽进气道的稳定工作范围。     

一种CARET进气道喉部附面层抽吸数值研究

以一种CARET(后掠双斜切双压缩面)进气道为研究对象,设计喉道附面层抽吸槽以控制流动分离。采用CFD数值计算软件对进气道在设计点工况下（马赫数为2.0)下内、外流场进行计算,以总压恢复系数和进气道出口总压畸变为评价指标分析不同抽吸方案的效果。结果表明:喉道附面层抽吸能够稳定结尾正激波,削弱激波/附面层干扰,抑制流动分离,显著改善流场,提高总压恢复系数,减小出口畸变;喉道段抽吸槽位置靠前能够明显降低出口畸变;随着抽吸量的增大,附面层抽吸对进气道内特性性能提升的贡献越来越小。      

着陆滑跑状态下的反推力装置重吸入特性数值模拟

对大涵道比涡扇发动机叶栅式反推力装置,利用CFD技术,展示了叶栅式反推力装置开启后的流场流动特征,计算分析了飞机着陆滑跑马赫数和侧风速度对发动机进气道重吸入特性的影响.结果表明:在无侧风影响时,进气道对反推力气流的重吸入现象随着滑跑马赫数的增加而逐渐减弱并消失,重吸入特征参数值随着滑跑马赫数的增加而减小并达到允许值,该临界滑跑马赫数为0.08;在侧风环境中,侧风使得反推力气流在发动机一侧进入发动机进气道,导致风扇进口截面的总温畸变增大,重吸入特征参数值随着侧风速度的增加而增大,侧风的存在使得反推力装置关闭的临界滑跑马赫数从不存在侧风时的0.08提高到0.12.      

亚声速进气道设计敏感参数仿真分析

对不同气动布局的两种亚声速进气道建模,并针对两种进气道的敏感参数进行分析。通过对背部双发布局飞机进气道的隔道高度和喉道设计马赫数参数的研究可知,隔道高度增大或者喉道设计马赫数减小,使得进气道出口总压恢复系数增大,增量约0.5%。而对背部单发复杂形状进口(M型进口)布局飞机进气道的喉道形状研究显示,喉道形状越接近进口形状,进气道性能越好,较其他喉道形状进气道,M型喉道进气道出口总压恢复系数最高,最大增量约为1.5%。     

一种二元进气道起动特性的数值与实验考察

采用Spalart-Allmaras湍流模型对来流马赫数变化引起的二元高超声速进气道模型的起动特性进行了三维数值模拟,并在来流马赫数5.5和5.9两种工况进行了激波风洞实验验证。结果表明,进气道不起动时,模型侧板上的流动分离与外压缩面上的流动分离相融合,堵塞了进气道入口,三维流动特征显著。在预报进气道自起动和不起动时,应当考虑三维流动效应。逐步增大来流马赫数和逐步减小来流马赫数两种路径下,进气道存在起动迟滞现象。对于本文的进气道模型,当内收缩比增大0.2时,自起动马赫数约升高1,不起动马赫数约升高0.5,进气道的起动迟滞环变大,起动性能下降。在激波风洞中获得的进气道自起动以及起动/不起动双解区的实验结果与数值模拟相符合。     

弹用内乘波式进气道起动性能研究

 为弄清内乘波式进气道在低马赫数状态下的流动特征,分析影响内乘波式进气道起动能力的因素,研究与弹体匹配设计的内乘波式进气道的起动问题。首先基于一种有利于出口均匀性的基本流场,采用流线追踪技术,设计了来流马赫数为4.0且进出口形状适应弹体安装要求的双模块弹用内乘波式进气道;此后,采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法获得了低马赫数下进气道的三维波系结构和流动特征。研究表明,进气道溢流口位置是影响内乘波进气道起动能力的重要因素:在溢流口位置由两侧改至最下端后,起动马赫数由3.6下降为3.3;采用单模块方案,溢流口设置在下端后,起动马赫数下降为3.25。此外,设计内乘波式进气道基本流场也对起动性能有影响:设计出口马赫数不变,双模块方案下,入口气流偏转角每增大2°,起动马赫数约下降0.1;单模块方案下,提高入口气流偏转角最大可使起动马赫数下降为3.1;进气道内收缩比对起动能力的影响体现在入口气流偏转角不变时,进气道起动能力仅取决于内收缩比,设计出口马赫数每增加0.2,起动马赫数约减小0.2。研究所分析的各个弹用内乘波式进气道在设计条件下均可捕获99%的来流,在扩大了工作马赫数范围的同时,保持了高流量捕获性能和高总压恢复系数的优势。     

高超侧压进气道前/后掠的数值分析和比较

侧板构型和唇口位置是影响侧压式进气道性能的关键参数。选取了5个具有一定代表性的状态点对前/后掠进气道模型进行了计算和分析,重点比较了当侧板前/后掠时进气道的流量系数、压升、出口气流均匀度等性能。通过对比分析,发现侧板前掠时进气道的流量系数、压升大于侧板后掠结果,且进气道出口流场更均匀。当马赫数较低时,前/后掠进气道性能差别比较明显:同为50%溢流窗,来流马赫数4时,侧板前掠的进气道流量系数比侧板后掠的情形高出7.7%;而当来流马赫数为8.09时,侧板前掠的进气道流量系数仅高2.6%。     

真实气体效应对Ma10级进气道流动的影响

为了探究高马赫数超燃冲压发动机高速飞行时真实气体效应对进气道流场的影响,仿真获得了不同气体模型下Ma10级进气道流场结构和性能。结果表明:进气道主流流场温度较低,不足以触发空气的离解反应,反应仅发生在边界层内,但反应程度较低,远未达到化学平衡状态,除了边界层温度及热载荷特性,其流场结果则更为贴近冻结流流场,因而化学非平衡模型与热完全气体模型的进气道通流流场结构和性能基本一致。而真实气体效应导致边界层特性的不同,对进气道起动特性产生影响,吸热离解反应通过对进口分离包的抑制和增大进口马赫数将进气道的再起动马赫数从9.8降低到9.4。在对进气道在宽速域应用中的钝化设计研究发现,真实气体效应虽然对前缘钝化进气道流场的压力分布和性能无明显影响,但是其能起到整体降低壁面热流的作用,不仅钝头处的热流降低了1MW/m2,通道内的热流也整体降低了0.1MW/m2。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.