微型四孔探针技术初步研究

尺寸小、精度高、使用方便的方向探针仍是日前测量三维流场的主要手段之一。文中对一种新型方向探针——四孔探针作了初步实验研究。结果表明,四孔探针基本保留了原五孔探针的技术性能。其测角精度与五孔针相当。由于少了一个孔,四孔针具有尺寸更小、制造及标定费用更低、使用更为方便、对流场干扰小等优点,因而更具有实用价值。     

具有叶顶间隙涡轮转子叶栅流动的拓扑及旋涡结构观测

为了了解具有顶部间隙的涡轮转子叶栅流道内及间隙内的流动状况,采用五孔球头测针和五孔微型束状测针分别对叶栅流道和间隙进行了测量,同时对端壁及叶片壁面进行了流动显示,采用拓扑分析方法对显示结果进行了详细分析,探讨了间隙存在时叶栅各种旋涡的形成机理。测量及显示结果表明：由于顶部间隙的存在,在叶栅顶部形成如泄漏涡等复杂的涡系结构,这些涡系之间及它们与上通道涡之间发生强烈的相互作用,明显增大了叶栅的顶部损失;在叶栅尾缘附近存在着部分回流区域。     

某型飞机JY系列电连接器缩针/孔故障分析及改进措施

针对某型飞机JY系列电连接器缩针/孔问题,开展预防JY系列电连接器缩针/孔技术研究,通过对该类电连接器加工方法、检测手段及装配方法进行改进与优化,降低了JY系列电连接器缩针/孔故障率,提高了飞机电缆修理可靠性,保证了飞机的飞行安全。     

多喷嘴气动直线度量针及其校准环的设计与使用方法

提出在浮标式气动量仪上采用多喷嘴气动直线度量针测量内孔直线度。分析和研究了多喷嘴气动直线度量针的测量原理及方法,设计制造了多喷嘴气动直线度量针及校准环。通过实例,对在浮标式气动量仪上用多喷嘴气动直线度量针测量内孔直线度的方法进行了验证。结果表明,在浮标式气动量仪上用多喷嘴气动直线度量针测量内孔直线度效率高、精度高。设计的多喷嘴气动直线度量针实用、可靠,完全满足客户要求,填补了行业的一项技术空白。     

大焓降后部加载弯叶栅压力场与壁面流场特性的实验研究

在环形叶栅低速风洞中,对亚临界600MW汽轮机中间级大焓降静叶栅进行了吹风实验。应用五孔球头测针,详细测量了在3个冲角下叶片沿叶高和节距的气流参数分布;借助沿叶型的静压测孔测量了在9个相对叶高位置沿叶型的静压系数;并应用墨迹显示技术,显示了沿上、下端壁及叶片表面的极限流线。实验结果表明,大焓降静叶栅具有良好的气动性能。     

标定五孔气动探针的风洞及测控系统设计

五孔气动探针常用于风洞或旋转机械内流场的三维速度、总压及静压测量,为标定五孔气动探针,设计用于标定五孔气动探针的小型低速风洞,改变探针俯仰角和偏转角的二自由度旋转台,并编制了基于Labview的测控软件,对所制作的五孔探针进行了标定试验。结果表明风洞和测控系统可以进行五孔气动探针的标定试验,所制作的五孔探针偏转角和俯仰角的有效测量范围可达到-24°～24°。     

球面压力五孔探针的校准与使用

流场的测试广泛使用五孔探针。通过校准 ,建立起探针的数学模型 ,可避免采用查表法 ,提高工作效率。本文以球面压力五孔探针为例 ,对五孔探针的校准 ,数学模型的建立及使用方法进行了研究。对五孔探针的使用具有借鉴的意义。     

具有气膜出流孔和针肋的双层壁冷却结构内的冲击传热性能

针对具有气膜出流孔和针肋的双层壁冷却结构内冲击传热性能进行了试验和数值计算研究。试验采用瞬态液晶（TLC）热像技术,研究的靶板包括光滑靶板、针肋靶板以及带气膜出流孔的针肋靶板。冲击间距比为1.5,射流雷诺数范围为15 000~30 000。结果表明,针肋+气膜出流孔结构明显改善了下游区域横流的影响,明显提高了传热性能,靶板表面传热分布也更加均匀。相比于平板,当射流雷诺数为15 000时,针肋靶板和带气膜出流孔的针肋靶板端壁表面平均Nusselt数提升幅度最大,分别为6.3%和25.3%。针对双层壁冷却结构内射流冲击传热还开展了数值计算,通过采用SST （Shear Stress Transport）k-ω湍流模型计算分析获得了该双层壁冷却结构内的流动和传热特征。     

针栓喷注器径向孔形状对喷雾特性影响实验研究

径向孔型针栓喷注器是目前所用的针栓喷注器中广泛应用的构型,径向孔的构型直接影响其喷雾特性,包括空间分布特性和雾化性能.在保持总流通面积和阻塞比(BF)一致的前提下,设计加工了4种结构的径向孔型液液针栓喷注器,并通过冷试试验具体研究了径向孔的几何形状及高宽比对喷雾形态、喷雾锥角、喷雾浓度分布特性和雾化性能的影响.采用背景...     

车床短小零件的偏心加工

车偏心历来多用花盘、角铁或用偏心轴顶车等方法。下面介绍几种利用车床主轴锥孔加工短小零件的方法。一,图1为双针平缝机的针夹体,要加工两针孔φ1.65~(±0.02),孔小又深,形位公差要求较高,加工有困难。     

Jupiter's first 100 miles

In December, 1995, after a journey of six years, the Galileo probe plunged into Jupiter's atmosphere, becoming the first artificial object to make direct contact with an outer planet. New data supplied by the probe indicated: 1) A new radiation belt around Jupiter ten times stronger than the Van Allen belt around Earth; 2) Jupiter may be much drier than predicted. Its atmosphere contains about as much water as the Sun, but this is subject to instrument calibration uncertainties, and the location of the landing in one of the driest spots on the planet; 3) Jupiter's atmosphere appears to have about three to ten times less lightning than Earth's, while the events are about 10 times stronger, both in terms of size and amount of electrical discharge; and, 4) Jupiter's winds were stronger than expected, increasing with depth, at 330 mph.     

小尺寸双级跨音轴流压气机试验研究

本文叙述了一台叶尖速度436m/s的小尺寸双级跨音速轴流式压气机性能。在机械调试达到设计转速45000r/min后,进行了性能试验,主要性能指标都达到或超过了设计值。本文讨论了径向轴向间隙,探针堵塞,级间配合和一些测试技术对压气机性能的影响。      

The THEMIS Constellation

The Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) mission is the fifth NASA Medium-class Explorer (MIDEX), launched on February 17, 2007 to determine the trigger and large-scale evolution of substorms. The mission employs five identical micro-probes (termed “probes”), which have orbit periods of one, two and four days. Each of the Probes carries five instruments to measure electric and magnetic fields as well as ions and electrons. Each probe weighs 134 kg including 49 kg of hydrazine fuel and measures approximately 0.8×0.8×1.0 meters (L×W×H) and operates on an average power budget of 40 watts. For launch, the Probes were integrated to a Probe Carrier and separated via a launch vehicle provided pyrotechnic signal. Attitude data are obtained from a sun sensor, inertial reference unit and the instrument Fluxgate Magnetometer. Orbit and attitude control use a RCS system having two radial and two axial thrusters for roll and thrust maneuvers. Its two fuel tanks and pressurant system yield 960 meters/sec of delta-V, sufficient to allow Probe replacement strategies. Command and telemetry communications use an S-band 5 watt transponder through a cylindrical omni antenna with a toroidal gain pattern. This paper provides the key requirements of the probe, an overview of the probe design and how they were integrated and tested. It includes considerations and lessons learned from the experience of building NASA’s largest constellation.     

一种彩色流场显示技术的研究

 本文介绍了一种色彩丰富、快速简便的流场图形显示技术,具有八色十五区段的显示能力。以快速响应的组合式总压探头对流场中不同截面作高密度扫描,可以得到用不同颜色显示的等参数（如等压、等温……）流场彩色图形。比较有利于研究流体的三维流动。 本文讨论了这种技术所用设备研制中的主要问题。介绍了近期实验所得结果。讨论了这种技术的特点及其可能的应用范围。     

离子注入提高铜合金耐磨性的初步研究

 本文对ZQSn10-2-3锡青铜表面状态为镀银和未镀银的两种样品,分别采用N₂⁺离子注入及（Ag+N₂⁺）离子束混合技术,进行表面改性,提高其耐磨性。并且用背散射装置、离子探针和扫描电镜对离子注入层进行了测试与分析。试验结果表明,离子注入及离子束混合样品,抗磨损能刀明显提高。     

薄附面层的测量技术研究

本文介绍了一种自行设计和研制的可供测量薄附面层的微型传动器和附面层探针。传动器系以国产微型步进电机28 BF 001为主体设计的。它把电机转轴的角位移变为直线位移,其最小线位移速度每个脉冲为0.00625 mm;工作行程为5.0mm;具有良好的静态特性;其外径为28 mm,高度为50mm。结构简单。文中还介绍了二种薄附面层探针。 经在超音速气流中应用结果表明,传动器工作可靠,探针无抖动现象,能较准确地测出附面层速度分布。 在我国目前超音速风洞尺寸的实际条件下,设计一种用于测量薄附面层的微型传动器和附面层探针,很有实际意义。本文介绍了一种自行设计和研制的微型传动器和探针。     

MPT可靠启动与稳定工作影响因素

1引言MPT属于电热型电推进,基本原理是利用微波发生器将来自电源系统的电能转化为电磁能,然后电磁波在谐振腔中产生谐振并与工质(可选用N2,H2,He,Ar,NH3,N2O或水蒸气等)耦合,使工质离解、电离,形成等离子体,最后高温高压等离子体从喷管高速喷出而产生推力。MPT的最大优点是没有     

Combination probe for hi-frequency unsteady aerodynamicmeasurements

A combination probe for time-resolved measurements of unsteady compressible flows in transonic wind tunnels is described. The probe measures stagnation (total) temperature and pressure, static pressure, and flow angles in two planes. From these, the fluctuating mass flux, Mach number, and velocity, as well as their components in three directions, can be deduced. The combination probe consists of a dual hot-wire aspirating temperature and pressure probe mounted piggyback with a high-frequency angle probe. The angle probe has four surface-mounted silicon pressure sensors. A scheme for retrieving from the four pressure signals the stagnation and static pressures. Mach number, and flow angles in two planes, is described. The calibrations forming the base for this procedure, obtained from steady-state tests, are given. Typical data obtained in the Karman vortex street shed from a cylinder and at the exit of a Mach 0.4 air jet are presented     

Microacoustic Imaging Technique for Bulk Microstructure Characterization of Woven CFRC Materials

In short wavelength case ultrasound propagation through woven carbon fiber-rein-forced composite (CFRC) materials essentially depends on their microstructure.Fiber bundle and weaving ply can be considered as basic structural elements of woven CFRC laminates.These structural units provide effective reflectors when ultra-short impulse high frequency ultrasound impinges on woven laminates.The reflection coefficient R0 achieves level of 3%-15% at ply-ply interface,0.2-0.4 in resin pocket region.This magnitude of reflection coefficient offers reasonable acoustic contrast to see packing,lay-up and resin pockets in woven laminate body by acoustic imaging methods.Microacoustic imaging technique is based on time-resolved echoes from reflections in woven CFRC laminates.A focal system with low aperture angle is used to generate 20-40 probe ultrasonic pulse wave.Its spatial resolution is up to 60mm at 50MHz in woven CFRC laminate.The results presented in this paper demonstrates the possibility and potentiality of characterization of microstrueture of woven CFRC laminates.Packing,lay-up,weaving nature,fiber bundle,resin pocket as well as their topology are exhibited clearly in the acoustic images by using microaeoustic technique.