地面效应作用下翼尖涡特性的PIV实验研究

完成了NACA23012机翼地面效应条件下翼尖涡结构及升阻力特性实验。实验在拖曳水槽中模拟机翼的飞行状态,获得了在多种飞行高度、0°攻角时机翼在水平地面和正弦波浪地面附近的升/阻力、翼尖涡流场的变化规律,对比分析了水平地面和波浪地面附近翼尖涡速度、涡量分布的区别及其可能对机翼升/阻力造成的影响。实验结果表明:即使在正弦波浪地面附近,随着机翼逐渐靠近地面,升力逐渐减小至负升力,翼尖涡的强度亦发生相应变化;尤其是在小间隙比、负升力情况下,翼尖涡的旋转方向产生了改变;流场结构不仅受机翼距地面高度影响,也随着波浪地面与机翼瞬时所处位置构成的相对相位关系的不同而变化,并且涡量沿波浪地面运动的变化呈现周期性,但变化规律并不符合正弦周期,主要原因在于波浪地形与下翼面所构成的流道形状及狭窄程度的周期性变化对翼尖涡流场结构的发展和演化产生不同程度的抑制。     

涡轮叶冠间隙流场PIV测量

为了研究带有冷却气流的涡轮叶冠间隙流场流动特性,采用粒子图像测速仪(PIV)技术得到了叶冠间隙流场中各个典型截面的瞬时流场显示,并对叶冠间隙流场特性进行了研究.研究发现:由于叶冠腔内有两股叶尖冷却气流的注入,叶尖泄漏流流过叶冠间隙时会与两股冷却流相互掺混,从而使腔内气流的流动状态变得非常复杂,因此在叶冠突肩之后以及叶冠腔内流体汇合处会有大小方向各异的涡流产生.同时,两股冷却气流均对泄漏流有一定的阻挡作用,前孔冷却流的阻挡作用更为明显.随前孔与后孔岀流比增加,前孔流及后孔流对泄露流的阻挡作用增强.      

PIV技术在前体非对称涡结构研究中的应用

介绍了北航D4风洞PIV系统的布置及具体实验方案,在此基础上实现了PIV技术在前体非对称涡流动结构研究中的应用。在迎角50°、Re=0．14×10°～0．55×106时,对旋成体X／D=2和3．35截面流动结构进行研究。结果表明,随着胁数的增加截面上流动结构存在从非对称二涡向三涡发展的趋势;在亚临界区,旋涡对非对称压力分布的影响起主要作用;在临界起始发展区及临界区,边界层流动状态及其分离形态对非对称压力分布的影响起主要作用;前体非对称涡沿轴向由二涡向三涡的发展状态在临界起始发展区比亚临界区将向更上游的位置发生。     

An investigation of tip vortices unsteady interaction for Fokker 29 propeller with swirl recovery vane

A numerical study was performed to explore the unsteady interaction between the upstream propeller and the downstream swirl recovery vane (SRV) by transient simulations. Much larger fluctuations of thrust coefficient were observed on the vane, which indicates that the varia-tions of the total efficiency depend mainly on the working performance of the stator. The harmonic loads of the decomposed unsteady blade-surface pressures show that the stator experiences about ten times higher of unsteadiness compared with the rotor. Notable changes appear at the vane lead-ing edge due to the potential disturbance as well as the sweeping effects from the wake of the upstream propeller, whereas more significant unsteadiness occurs at the stator tip region as a result of the interaction between the rotor/stator tip vortices. The visualization of vortex structures addresses that the rotor tip vortex has a dominant effect on the stator tip vortex since the latter one starts right at the impingement location on the vane top in this configuration. Furthermore, a longer and a shorter SRV were investigated based on the original case to explore different inter-action patterns for the rotor/stator tip vortices. Weaker effects have been observed as expected.     

Influence of artificial tip perturbation on asymmetric vortices flow over a chined fuselage

An experimental study was conducted with the aim of understanding behavior of asymmetric vortices flow over a chined fuselage.The tests were carried out in a wind tunnel at Reynolds number of 1.87 · 105 under the conditions of high angles of attack and zero angle of sideslip.The results show that leeward vortices flow becomes asymmetric vortices flow when angle of attack increases over 20.The asymmetric vortices flow is asymmetry of two forebody vortices owing to the increase of angle of attack but not asymmetry of vortex breakdown which appears when angle of attack is above 35.Asymmetric vortices flow is sensitive to tip perturbation and is nondeterministic due to randomly distributed natural minute geometrical irregularities on the nose tip within machining tolerance.Deterministic asymmetric vortices flow can be obtained by attaching artificial tip perturbation which can trigger asymmetric vortices flow and decide asymmetric vortices flow pattern.Triggered by artificial tip perturbation, the vortex on the same side with perturbation is in a higher position, and the other vortex on the opposite side is in a lower position.Vortex suction on the lower vortex side is larger, which corresponds to a side force pointing to the lower vortex side.     

PIV 技术在3 通道扩压器试验中的应用

为了验证PIV技术在新型扩压器性能试验中的应用前景,开展了基于PIV技术的燃烧室3通道扩压器试验。对不同前置扩压器与不同头部帽罩的流场特征进行分析,得到了关键参数对扩压器内流场分布和压力损失特性的影响。试验结果表明:使用PIV技术能较好地得到扩压器的内流场特征,并反映出3通道扩压器具有较好的流场稳定性,在L_m/L_e=0.7,L_i/L_e=L_o/L_e=0.6,L_c/L_e=1.82时扩压器性能最佳。该技术为先进扩压器的结构优化提供试验依据。     

翼尖支撑双天平校准技术研究

翼尖支撑测力试验技术采用两台天平同时对同一风洞模型进行测力,开展双天平校准技术研究是实现该项试验技术成功应用的关键。基于双天平测量机理,研究并建立了双天平校准技术：利用两台单天平的校准公式,根据空间力系合成原理和天平载荷分量干扰修正技术构建了双天平同时工作的公式。通过对某专用双天平的单独校准、组合校准及风洞试验,对提出的双天平校准技术进行了验证。结果表明：双天平校准技术合理、可靠,可操作性强,能够为翼尖支撑测力试验技术提供必要的理论基础和试验依据。     

小流量下周向弯曲叶片叶顶泄漏流动的PIV研究

对带有周向前弯和周向后弯叶片的低压轴流风机,采用PIV技术测量小流量工况下叶顶区域瞬态速度场。基于小流量压力峰值工况下的瞬态测量结果,详细阐述了周向弯曲叶片叶顶泄漏涡的演化过程。结果表明：小流量压力峰值工况下,周向弯曲叶片叶顶泄漏涡存在瞬态特性,泄漏涡起源向前缘方向迁移,涡核在向下游发展的过程中不断破碎,沿端壁向通道中部迁移,并发生径向迁移;周向后弯叶片的泄漏涡较周向前弯叶片迁移明显,涡核破碎过程剧烈;周向前弯叶片有利于叶顶泄漏涡的控制。     

不同顶部间隙对跨声风扇转子的影响分析

为研究跨声压气机叶尖间隙流动对性能影响的特征,数值计算了某高负荷跨声风扇转子在种等高间隙和两种阶梯间隙结构下的性能.通过对总体性能参数和叶尖区静压、周向速度、熵等细节参数的分析,认为叶尖前段间隙流比后段间隙流对压气机性能的影响更大.其中,涡波干涉对于前段间隙流带来的危害尤为重要.比较阶梯间隙的计算结果,验证了这一推断.      

脉冲周期介质阻挡放电作用的PIV实验研究

静止大气下,对施加脉冲周期介质阻挡放电,半顶角为10°的圆锥前体进行了PIV实验研究。采用总平均和相位锁定平均方法对脉冲周期放电进行了分析;对比了不同占空比和不同相位角沿θ=90°半径上的切向速度和轴向涡量分布,得到了在圆锥表面等离子体诱导的最大速度和最大涡量;分析了脉冲周期放电的动量转移特性。实验结果表明：脉冲周期放电引发动量转移的主要机制是涡的增强而非气流的加速;当激励器处于脉冲放电间歇时,相位锁定平均的最大速度和最大涡量不为零,存在流动滞后效应,有利于节省能耗。     

自耦合射流流动特性的PIV实验研究

采用三维粒子图像测速仪(PIV)对具有相同出口面积的圆孔喷口和狭缝喷口自耦合射流激发器外部流场特征进行了实验研究.结果表明:狭缝喷口自耦合射流与圆孔喷口自耦合射流的形成过程相同,都经历了涡环产生、发展、破碎融合的周期性过程,在某个法向距离上形成较为稳定的连续性射流.时均流场分布表明狭缝喷口自耦合射流的流场型面较宽,扩展角度较大.狭缝短轴方向和圆孔水平方向上自耦合射流的时均速度曲线呈现规则的对称分布和速度自模的特征,而狭缝长轴方向自耦合射流在靠近喷口处的速度分布呈现马鞍状,这一特征随着法向距离增大而逐渐消失.      

超声速光学头罩流场的PIV研究

在马赫数Ma-3．8超声速风洞中,采用PIV（Particle Image Velocimetry,粒子图像测速）技术测量了超声速光学头罩流场的速度分布。PIV技术应用于超声速流场时,对系统的硬件配备、示踪粒子的跟随性以及PIV算法的精度有很高的要求。本文PIV系统选用高精度的同步控制器和高能量激光器;以纳米级粒径的粒子作为示踪粒子,通过斜激波响应实验分析了其在超声速流场中的跟随性;并采用多种高精度速度场算法对粒子图像进行处理。实验结果表明,示踪粒子在超声速流场中有很好的跟随性,采用的高精度速度场算法能够很好地反映超声速光学头罩流场的速度分布。     

一种多级轴流压气机不同工况叶尖间隙预估模型

考虑热负荷以及机械负荷的影响,建立了一种多级轴流压气机不同工况叶尖间隙的预估模型.模型针对多级轴流压气机考虑了温度在径向和轴向的分布,保证了模型的准确性.通过与通用电气公司E3发动机试验结果的对比,计算模型预估叶尖间隙在第3,5,10级的相对误差分别为0.8%,5.6%,3.7%,显示该方法能很好地揭示叶尖间隙在不同工况下的变化规律.模型在叶尖间隙随轮盘内腔冷气流量的变化趋势上预估与试验是一致的,在第3,10级叶尖间隙预估值的相对误差分别为9.7%,6.7%.试验中使用主动控制技术,得到其所能达到的最大叶尖间隙关小量在第10级转子处为0.2032mm,而模型预估所得调节流量所能达到的最大叶尖间隙关小量在第10级转子处为0.14mm,显示模型较好地反映了主动叶尖间隙控制技术的效果.      

AFM针尖磨损机理研究进展

在分析了原子力显微镜(AFM)探针在测量及加工领域应用过程中,探针磨损对于实验结果的影响的基础上,综述了Si3N4针尖、金刚石针尖和单晶硅针尖的磨损机理。并展望了探针磨损机理的发展趋势。     

PIV,LDV在螺旋桨尾流测试中的比对应用

为验证粒子图像测速仪（PIV）技术在螺旋桨尾流场测试应用中的精度,在空泡水筒中,针对同一螺旋桨,在同一工况,同一时段,对螺旋桨尾流场开展了PIV和激光多普勒测速仪（LDV）比对测试研究.试验结果表明:两种测试技术在流场宏观量显示上得到了比较一致的结果,PIV技术同样可以捕捉到沿周向仅有8°的速度突跳,只是突跳值较LDV测试值小.PIV数据均值与LDV有2%～3%的偏差,进一步分析表明:提高PIV测试系统的定位精度可以缩小这种偏差.      

收口套筒主燃区流场的PIV测量

在常温常压下,采用PIV技术测量了旋流器套筒为收口套筒时单头部矩形燃烧室主燃区的流场,获得了主燃区速度场和涡量场的详细信息.试验结果表明收口套筒形成了小尺度回流区大角涡的主燃区流场结构;收口套筒对旋转气流的收缩作用可以很好的改善燃烧室内油气的混合.      

建筑物顶部锥形涡空间演化的数值模拟

运用通用流体力学计算软件FLUENT,对建筑物表面风荷载问题进行了数值模拟,讨论和分析了采用不同湍流模型获得的结果差异.通过与风洞实验结果的对比,选择了v2-f湍流模型对40°风向角建筑物顶面出现锥形涡现象进行了成功的模拟.进而利用数值模拟的优势给出了典型建筑物顶面锥形涡的空间演化规律及其和侧面脱体涡的相互作用.还获得了锥形涡的演化、强度和位置与建筑物表面压力分布的内在联系.     

Flow mechanism between purge flow and mainstream in different turbine rim seal configurations

The rim seal is used to prevent mainstream ingestion to the gap between the vane of a turbine and its blade. In this article, the dolphin lip with a hook configuration and a large seal cavity with hook structures are designed based on the high-pressure turbine datum single shark lip rim seal configuration. The sealing effect and parameters of the flow field are measured by an experiment method and a numerical simulation is used to explain the mechanism. For three configurations,the effect of the...     

Experimental investigation of cavitation instabilities in inducer with different tip clearances

To investigate the effect of tip clearance size on cavitation characteristics in a turbopump inducer, a series of experiments have been conducted in a newly developed visualization test facility using room temperature water as working fluid. The pressure fluctuations near the tip region were collected, and the cavity structures under various conditions were documented by a high-speed camera. It is found that large tip clearance distinctly reduces both the non-cavitation and cavitation performance. Three cavitation instabilities, super-synchronous rotating cavitation, synchronous rotating cavitation and cavitation surge have been carefully identified through combination of cross-correlation analysis of pressure signals and visualization results. Large tip clearance displays a remarkable stabilization effect on pressure fluctuation, cavitation surge totally disappears, and the range of occurrence of synchronous rotating cavitation becomes smaller for the large tip clearance, whereas super-synchronous rotating cavitation only occurs in the large tip clearance. The cavitation areas are smaller at large tip clearance, while the flow channels are more seriously choked when cavitation occurs heavily in comparison with those at small tip clearance, which may be responsible for the worse cavitation performance.     

不同隔板构型下带反应超声速混合层实验

为了考察超声速混合层混合、燃烧流场特性,并探索其被动增强方法,利用高速纹影、自发辐射成像和平面激光诱导荧光(PLIF)技术对压力匹配条件下的超声速混合层在不同隔板构型下的流场特性进行研究.结果表明:相对于对混合层混合的影响,凹腔对燃烧的影响明显受到抑制;尾部交错结构隔板促进混合层流向涡的产生,大大提高了混合层内燃烧强度.