导弹质量特性测量装置设计

设计了一种导弹质量、质心、转动惯量一体化测量设备，可在同一台设备设计上完成导弹质量、轴向和径向质心、俯仰偏航方向的转动惯量测量。该装置主要由测试平台、活动支架、沿导弹纵轴滑动的精确定位机构、三个测力传感器和一个倒扭摆机构组成。了该装置质量特性测量方法，定量分析了测量误差，并总结了此类装置设计的几个关键问题。     

航天器器一地对应仪表显示系统软件的设计与实现

仪表显示系统作为航天器性能参数、导航参数显示及航天员人机交互的窗口,在航天飞行任务中发挥着重要作用.针对依据工程遥测源码值监视航天器状态的传统方法直观性差、不便于地面人员监控的特点,文章设计并开发了一套基于VC++和OpenGL的航天器器一地对应仪表显示系统软件,并对其实现进行了分析和说明.该软件仿真了多功能仪表显示器...     

基于虚拟仪器的多参量数据采集系统软件设计

结合虚拟仪器多参量数据采集系统的软件设计,简述虚拟仪器技术的基本概念、LabWindows/CVI的功能与特点,重点介绍数据采集卡的驱动、虚拟仪器软件的开发方法和实现技术,并给出多路信号数据采集程序实例。利用标准信号及实验信号对所设计的系统进行测试,通过实验调试,结果显示软件工作正常。     

航天器仪器安装板附加约束阻尼层设计与振动抑制验证

针对某航天器仪器安装板在噪声载荷作用下振动响应过大的情况,提出采取附加约束阻尼层的振动抑制措施。文章首先介绍约束阻尼层的应用情况,简要说明了约束阻尼层减振的原理;随后以航天器典型仪器安装板为研究对象,通过对比同等噪声载荷下约束阻尼层附加前、后仪器安装板上的振动响应,分析了振动抑制情况。结果显示,仪器安装板附加约束阻尼层后,仪器设备安装处随机振动均方根加速度平均降低1.56 d B(16.4%)。     

Optimization of space system development resources

NASA has had a decades-long problem with cost growth during the development of space science missions. Numerous agency-sponsored studies have produced average mission level cost growths ranging from 23% to 77%.A new study of 26 historical NASA Science instrument set developments using expert judgment to reallocate key development resources has an average cost growth of 73.77%. Twice in history, a barter-based mechanism has been used to reallocate key development resources during instrument development. The mean instrument set development cost growth was −1.55%. Performing a bivariate inference on the means of these two distributions, there is statistical evidence to support the claim that using a barter-based mechanism to reallocate key instrument development resources will result in a lower expected cost growth than using the expert judgment approach.Agent-based discrete event simulation is the natural way to model a trade environment. A NetLogo agent-based barter-based simulation of science instrument development was created. The agent-based model was validated against the Cassini historical example, as the starting and ending instrument development conditions are available. The resulting validated agent-based barter-based science instrument resource reallocation simulation was used to perform 300 instrument development simulations, using barter to reallocate development resources. The mean cost growth was −3.365%. A bivariate inference on the means was performed to determine that additional significant statistical evidence exists to support a claim that using barter-based resource reallocation will result in lower expected cost growth, with respect to the historical expert judgment approach.Barter-based key development resource reallocation should work on spacecraft development as well as it has worked on instrument development. A new study of 28 historical NASA science spacecraft developments has an average cost growth of 46.04%. As barter-based key development resource reallocation has never been tried in a spacecraft development, no historical results exist, and a simulation of using that approach must be developed. The instrument development simulation should be modified to account for spacecraft development market participant differences. The resulting agent-based barter-based spacecraft resource reallocation simulation would then be used to determine if significant statistical evidence exists to prove a claim that using barter-based resource reallocation will result in lower expected cost growth.     

基于LabVIEW构建虚拟仪器系统

虚拟仪器是电子仪器技术。现代测量技术与计算机技术高速发展的产物，它将逐步取代传统电子仪器。本文介绍了虚拟仪器的概念，主要的功能和特点，虚拟仪器的系统构成，包括硬件构成及软件构成。还结合两个具体实例介绍了虚拟仪器技术的应用。     

用透明燃烧仪研究推进剂燃烧性能

将透明燃烧仪进行改装增加了光强检测和记录仪，能够对推进剂燃烧进行动态检测和记录，以便研究推进剂点火、加速燃烧、稳定燃烧和熄火各阶段的变化。用这种装置进行了模拟推进剂燃烧的研究，并尝试筛选了一种ＲＤＸ／ＨＴＰＢ／Ａ１推进剂的燃速催化剂。     

应用光透仪测量细高氯酸铵粒度的研究

在固体火箭发动机推进剂中,细高氯酸铵的粒度,通常是用沉降法测量.此法的缺点是,测试周期长,费时费力.应用先透仪测细高氯酸铵粒度可大大缩短测试时间,省时省力,并消除了人工处理数据的误差.本文给出了光透仪测细高氯酸铵粒度的精度;光透法与沉降法测细高氯酸铵粒度的相关关系及其精度;论述了在大型发动机装药中,应用光透仪测细高氯酸铵粒度可控制推进剂的燃速,保证了发动机产品的质量.     

旋成体模型仪器舱脉动压力空间相关特性研究

为揭示跨声速阶段仪器舱附近脉动压力的空间相关特性,以某旋成体模型为研究对象,基于风洞试验获取了仪器舱附近脉动压力载荷分布规律,计算了测点间的脉动压力空间相关系数。通过曲线拟合与归一化处理,获得了模型仪器舱脉动压力空间相关特性曲线,并研究了攻角、马赫数与雷诺数对空间相关性的影响。结果表明,该模型仪器舱脉动压力空间相关特性具有波动与衰减的特点,随着流动复杂程度的增加,其相关性逐渐降低。同时,在跨声速范围内,该模型仪器舱脉动压力空间相关特性对马赫数以及较高的雷诺数比较敏感。对脉动压力空间相关特性的研究,为飞行器结构响应分析以及载荷环境预示提供了支撑。     

大气成分探测红外光谱仪系统指标分析

由温室气体引起的全球气候变化和环境污染已经受到全世界的广泛关注。进行大气成分探测,对于更好地了解温室效应产生的细节、大气分子的光化学性质对臭氧层的影响以及大气污染机制都具有重要意义。由于大气成分种类较多,其红外吸收光谱密集且复杂,因此大气成分探测仪器需要有较高的光谱分辨能力和信噪比。文章进行了大气成分探测的总体指标需求分析,并据此确定了大气成分探测红外光谱仪的主要技术指标。为了满足指标要求,该光谱仪采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪的总体方案。通过仪器性能影响因素分析和系统优化,使得该仪器的最终设计结果满足指标要求。     

Investigation of Thermal Convection and Low-Frequency Microgravity by the DACON Sensor aboard the MirOrbital Complex

The DACON instrument for studying the convection caused by low frequency microaccelerations aboard spacecraft is described. The convection sensor serves as a measuring element of this instrument. This is a cylindrical cavity filled with air, where two crossed differential thermocouples are located. The thermocouple junctions lay on two mutually perpendicular lines parallel to the bases of the cylinder and crossing at its axis. The distances from the junctions to this axis are equal. The lateral surface of the cylinder is thermally insulated, the difference of temperatures on its bases being kept constant. One of the tasks for the sensor is to prepare the data for checking the adequacy of mathematical models of fluid convection under weightlessness conditions and for obtaining quantitative characteristics of the microgravitational medium. The results of ground-based tests of the DACON instrument and the results of experiments with it aboard the Mirstation are presented.     

虚拟仪器在实验遥测系统中的应用

从虚拟仪器技术的发展出发,结合遥测实验的特点,提出一种建立在虚拟仪器技术之上的遥测实验监控台 的设计,给出系统结构及软件设计要点。此设计既可用于教学观摩,又可用于学生实验。     

惯性仪表误差补偿技术在提高战略导弹精度中的应用

本文对有关战略导弹惯性仪表主要误差源的分类及对精度的影响；惯性仪表误差补偿的各种方法及其优缺点等内容作了介绍，对美国洲际导弹误差补偿方法也作了介绍，最后对惯性仪表误差的几种补偿方案作了分析。     

辐射源红外均匀性测量仪的研制

文章简要阐述红外均匀性测量仪的主要技术要求、工作原理和设计。设计中采用模块化组成方式 ,由两维精密位移及其测量装置、控制系统、前测光系统、光电测量系统、软件及微机组成     

红外调焦仪及其装调技术

介绍某型号红外光学系统装配专用红外调焦仪的结构与工作原理。着重论述其组成部分的关键装调技术、要求与方法以及有关示意图。考核表明，该红外调焦仪的性能和装配精度可满足要求。     

The PRISMA payload optomechanical design, a high performance instrument for a new hyperspectral mission

PRISMA (PRecursore IperSpettrale della Missione Applicativa) hyperspectral instrument is an advanced hyperspectral sensor including a panchromatic camera at medium resolution. The instrument is the focus of the new Earth observation mission that a consortium of Italian companies has started developing under contract of Italian Space Agency. Key features of the instrument are the very high requirement for signal-to-noise and the high quality of data that have to be provided. To meet these demanding figures the optical system has been based on a high transmittance optical system, including a single mirror telescope and two prism spectrometers based on an innovative concept to minimize number of optical elements, while high performance detectors have been chosen for the photon detection. To provide the required data quality for the entire mission lifetime an accurate calibration unit (radiometric and spectral) will be included in the instrument optomechanical assembly. The thermo-mechanical design of the instrument is based on innovative concepts, considering that the use of prism spectrometers implies a tight control of temperature variations to guarantee the stability of all instrument features once in orbit. The presented paper describes the concepts and design principle of the optomechanical assembly of the instrument, at the present status of development.     

Telescience at the University of California, Berkeley

The University of California at Berkeley (UCB) is a member of a university consortium involved in telescience testbed activities under the sponsorship of NASA. Our Telescience Testbed Project consists of three experiments using flight hardware being developed for the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer project at UCB's Space Sciences Laboratory. The first one is a teleoperation experiment investigating remote instrument control using a computer network such as the Internet. The second experiment is an effort to develop a system for operation of a network of remote workstations allowing coordinated software development, evaluation, and use by widely dispersed groups. The final experiment concerns simulation as a method to facilitate the concurrent development of instrument hardware and support software. We describe our progress in these areas.     

可互换仪器驱动的实现

信号导向的可互换仪器驱动技术是当前自动测试领域发展的重点、热点。虚拟仪器技术、信号导向技术和组件对象模型COM技术的发展为实现硬件资源可互换性和测试程序集可移植性提供了技术支持。文中论述的基于信号的可互换仪器驱动和测试系统架构模型借助信号导向机制和COM技术优秀的封装性和独立性,利用实时引擎技术和动态链接技术将测试程序集与测试资源无关性变成了现实。逐一分析系统架构中各功能模块的工作机制及设计思路,并重点论述信号驱动器和开关信号驱动器的实现方法,为自动测试系统首次实际应用IVI信号驱动器进行了有益的实践工作。     

贫氧推进剂声发射燃速仪的研制

通过研究贫氧推进剂的燃烧特性。主要是燃烧声信号的频带特性和不稳定特性，采用弱信号检测电路，并结合计算机技术，研制了用于贫氧推进剂燃速测试的新型声发射燃速仪。整机具有自动控制测试、计算各种燃速参数等功能。     

International Heliophysical Year 2007: Basic space science initiatives

The UN Office for Outer Space Affairs, through the IHY Secretariat and the United Nations Basic Space Science Initiative (UNBSSI), assists scientists and engineers world-wide to participate in the International Heliophysical Year (IHY) 2007. A major thrust of IHY/UNBSSI is to deploy arrays of small, inexpensive instruments such as magnetometers, radio telescopes, GPS receivers, all-sky cameras, etc. around the world to allow global measurements of ionospheric and heliospheric phenomena. The small instrument program is envisioned as a partnership between instrument providers and instrument hosts in developing nations, with the former providing the instruments, the host nation the manpower, facilities and operational support, typically at a local university. Funds are not available through IHY/UNBSSI to build the instruments; these must be obtained through the normal proposal channels. All instrument operational support for local scientists, facilities, data acquisition, etc. will be provided by the host nation. The IHY/UNBSSI can facilitate the deployment of several of these networks and existing databases and relevant software tools will be identified to promote space science activities in developing nations. Extensive data on space science have been accumulated by a number of space missions. Similarly, long-term databases are available from ground-based observations. These data can be utilized in ways different from those originally intended for understanding the heliophysical processes. This report provides an overview of IHY/UNBSSI, its achievements, future plans and outreach to the 192 member states of the United Nations.