稳态热传导下基于多相材料的一体化设计

提出一种基于多相多孔材料的一体化模型。模型以结构散热弱度最小为目标,以结构体积比与材料微结构质量为约束。引入独立的宏观设计变量和微观相设计变量,通过单元相密度建立两类变量间的联系;基于对等混合材料插值模型建立单元相密度与热传导系数间的惩罚关系;推导得到目标函数灵敏度表达式。求解偏微分方程实现单元散热弱度过滤,消除棋盘格及网格依赖性现象。通过二维数值算例讨论并分析了材料特性、热载荷、体积比约束以及质量约束对一体化优化结果的影响。数值实验结果表明,该建模方法在多相材料/结构一体化稳态热传导优化设计中具有可行性和有效性。     

考虑气动弹性约束的机翼结构布局优化设计

提出了一种气动弹性约束下的复合材料机翼结构布局优化设计方法.机翼内部翼梁的数目与机翼各部件的尺寸被统一来考虑,拓扑变量和尺寸变量由一个双层循环机制的优化程序来统一处理.第一层,使用蚁群算法来处理拓扑设计变量;第二层,使用NASTRAN的Sol200优化程序来处理尺寸变量,同时考虑强度、刚度、颤振约束,并将第二层的优化结果反馈给第一层以催生出更优的结构布局方案.最后,使用基本的颤振优化(没有调整结构布局)与本文方法对某前掠机翼进行了布局优化设计,并将结果进行了对比.结果表明,综合考虑各种设计约束下,结构布局形式对结构质量有重要影响,应予高度重视,同时证明了本文方法的正确性与可行性.     

应力和位移约束下连续体结构的拓扑优化

结构拓扑优化设计是结构初始方案设计的重要方法。同时考虑应力和位移约束,采用遗传算法,用染色体基因映射结构离散化后的单元体,对连续体结构进行拓扑优化。为了消除结构中的铰接和棋盘格现象,在拓扑优化分析中引入了结构约束的概念,并在罚函数方法中引入导向因子,改善优化分析结果。该方法可以为工程结构的初始设计提供多种方案,同时为新结构的设计提供了理论基础。算例分析表明所提出的方法是合理、有效的。     

Integrated batteries layout and structural topology optimization for a solar-powered drone

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate an integrated optimization scheme for a solar-powered drone structure. Consider a primary beam in the wing of large aspect ratio, where 100 lithium batteries are assembled. In the proposed integrated optimization, the batteries are considered here as parts of the load-carrying structure. The corresponding mechanical behaviors are simulated in the structural design and described with super-elements. The batteries layout and the structural topology are then introduced as mixed design variables and optimized simultaneously to achieve an accordant load-carrying path. Geometrical nonlinearity is considered due to the large deformation. Different periodic structural configurations are tested in the optimization in order to meet the structural manufacturing and assembly convenience. The optimized designs are rebuilt and tested in different load cases. Maintaining the same structural weight, the global mechanical performances are improved greatly compared with the initial design.     

Multiscale eigenelement method for periodical composites: A review

Based on the eigenvector expansion idea, the Multiscale Eigenelement Method (MEM) was proposed by the author and co-workers. MEM satisfies two equivalent conditions, one condition is the equivalence of strain energy, and the other is the deformation similarity. These two equivalent conditions character the structure-preserving property of a multiscale analysis method. The equivalence of strain energy is necessary for achieving accurate macro behaviors such as lower order frequencies, while the deformation similarity is essential for predicting accurate micro behaviors such as stresses. The MEM has become a powerful multiscale method for the analysis of composite structures because of its high accuracy and efficiency. In this paper, the research advances of MEM are reviewed and all types of eigenelement methods are compared, focusing on superiorities and deficiencies from practical viewpoint. It is concluded that the eigenelement methods with smooth shape functions are more suitable for the analysis of macro behaviors such as lower order frequencies, and the eigenelement methods with piecewise shape functions are suitable for the analysis of both macro and micro behaviors.     

Collaborative optimization design of process parameter and structural topology for laser additive manufacturing

High-resolution laser additive manufacturing (LAM) significantly releases design freedom, promoting the development of topology optimization (TO) and advancing structural design methods. In order to fully take advantage of voxelated forming methods and establish the quantitative relationship between the mechanical properties of printing components and multiple process factors (laser- and process- parameters), the concurrent optimization design method based on LAM should cover the process-performance relationship. This study proposes a novel artificial intelligence-facilitated TO method for LAM to concurrently design microscale material property and macroscale structural topology of 3D components by adopting heuristic and gradient-based algorithms. The process–structure–property relationship of selective laser sintering is established by the back propagation neural network, and it is integrated into the TO algorithm for providing a systematic design scheme of structural topology and process parameter. Compared with the classical optimization method, numerical examples show that this method is able to improve the mechanical performance of the macrostructure significantly. In addition, the collaborative design method is able to be widely applied for complex functional part design and optimization, as well as case studies on artificial intelligence-facilitated product evaluation.     

Shape preserving topology optimization for structural radar cross section control

The purpose of this paper is to present a shape preserving topology optimization method to prevent the adverse effects of the mechanical deformation on the Radar Cross Section(RCS).The optimization will suppress the variation of RCS on the perfect conductor surface by structural design. On the one hand, the physical optics method is utilized to calculate the structural RCS,which is based on the surface displacement field obtained from the finite element analysis of the structure. The correspondi...     

基于导热性能的复合材料微结构拓扑优化设计

基于均匀化理论和拓扑优化技术,提出了复合材料稳态导热性微结构构型的设计方法。根据均匀化理论给出的周期性材料微结构(单胞)等效导热系数的计算公式,结合有限元分析手段对单胞的等效导热系数求解;定义设计区域内微结构每个单元的导热系数为伪密度设计变量,约束材料用量,分别以材料微结构某个方向导热性能最好为目标和宏观结构的散热性能最佳为目标;采用实体各向同性惩罚函数法(SIMP)构造单胞拓扑结构优化数学模型,导出材料等效导热系数的灵敏度计算公式;采用凸规划对偶求解与周长控制约束相结合进行拓扑优化并获得了优化的微结构构型,数值算例结果验证了所提出的拓扑优化方法可以有效地进行复合材料微结构的导热性能设计。     

拓扑优化方法在飞机结构件概念设计中的应用

为了能够有效地降低飞机结构承力件的重量,针对飞机骨架,以加强框和普通框以及翼梁的概念设计为研究内容,通过对"敏度阈值"概念的分析,指出其不足,提出了"改进的敏度阈值"概念,并与"约束补偿"策略结合而形成新的拓扑优化算法,用于上述结构件的材料布局优化设计.多个算例中的拓扑优化结果均显示其结构型式十分新颖,值得深入地探讨.     

飞机骨架结构方案的优化设计

为了能够有效地降低飞机结构承力件的重量,针对飞机骨架,以加强框和普通框以及翼梁的概念设计为研究内容,通过对“敏度阈值“概念的分析,指出其不足,提出了“改进的敏度阈值“概念,并与“约束补偿“策略结合而形成新的拓扑优化算法,用于上述结构件的材料布局优化设计.多个算例中的拓扑优化结果均显示其结构型式十分新颖,值得深入地探讨.由此可以得出3点结论:(1)采用CAD/CAE和拓扑优化相结合用于飞机结构件的初始方案设计是可行的;(2)作者提出的“改进的敏度阈值“拓扑优化算法是有效的;(3)构建一种具有良好操作性的、有别于经验设计的飞机结构件概念设计新方法.     

压力载荷下的结构拓扑-形状协同优化

 压力载荷作用下的结构轻量化设计是工程中的常见问题,由于压力加载面的可设计性,现有以固定载荷为基础的拓扑优化技术不能很好地处理这类问题。直接采用CAD参数化样条或B样条曲线描述压力加载面,通过拓扑和形状变量的联合优化满足了工程实际对结构轻量化与边界的功能性与光滑性设计要求。同时,为了避免结构边界形状变化时有限元网格刷新引起的定义拓扑伪密度变量的困难,用所提出的背景网格和密度点技术实现了每一步单元密度设计迭代结果的自动传递,并采用网格变形技术实现了形状设计变量灵敏度分析。采用4个数值算例验证了方法的有效性,其中发动机承力框架的设计结果充分说明该方法在航空结构设计中的重要应用价值。     

Topology Optimization Design for the Layout of theMain Bearing Joint of a Certain Aircraft

为了实现飞机部件的轻量化设计,将拓扑优化和代理模型相结合构建了一个结构布局优化的算法。以某型飞机主承力接头为研究对象,根据结构传力路线和工艺要求,将接头的布局优化转化为耳片的平面拓扑优化与螺栓位置的优化。以接头耳片的厚度和中间排螺栓位置作为布局变量,对每组布局变量下的耳片进行拓扑优化,对布局变量采用基于代理模型的遗传算法进行优化。以质量最小为优化目标,在强度与刚度的多约束条件下,完成了某型飞机主承力接头的布局拓扑优化。结果表明,本方法的优化结果比传统的拓扑优化结果减重约 14.5%,验证了优化算法的可行性与有效性。     

基于拓扑优化和形状优化的桨叶结构设计

直升机旋翼桨叶剖面结构设计是研究旋翼动力学设计的基础。提出一种联合拓扑优化和形状优化的 两级优化设计方法,可用于桨叶剖面结构的设计。第一级优化以变密度法(SIMP)作为拓扑优化的材料插值方 法,以桨叶体积最小化为设计目标,约束桨叶节点位移和应力,建立桨叶的拓扑优化求解模型;第二级优化以重 构的桨叶模型为基础开展形状优化,降低局部应力集中以及找到合理的边界节点位置。对优化后的模型进行 有限元分析,结果表明:通过拓扑优化和形状优化的两级优化,能够得到满足强度和稳定性要求的结构布局,为 桨叶结构设计提供指导方案。     

基于可行域调整的多相材料结构拓扑优化设计

针对多相材料结构柔顺度拓扑优化问题及其存在多个局部优化解的情况,提出一种新的多相材料结构柔顺度拓扑优化问题的求解方法, 并研究其获得多个局部优化解及寻找较好的优化解的能力。基于材料属性有理近似 （RAMP）模型,引入可行域调整技术,构建多相材料结构拓扑优化模型及近似优化模型。提出一种改进的交替主动相算法,该算法将多相材料结构拓扑近似优化模型分解为多个含2个主动相材料体积约束的系列二元相拓扑优化子模型,并利用光滑化对偶算法进行优化求解。与现有方法相比,采用多个不同的优化初始拓扑,提出的方法可找到更优的多相材料结构拓扑, 且为多相材料结构拓扑优化的多样性设计提供了一种有价值的思路与方法。     

GTF发动机行星齿轮传动系统设计技术研究

行星齿轮传动系统作为齿轮驱动风扇(Geared Turbofan,GTF)发动机的关键部件,其传动功率大、空间结构紧凑、工作条件恶劣。为突破该部件设计关键技术,并为国内GTF发动机结构设计积累经验,在GTF发动机齿轮传动系统概念设计的基础上,开展了其初步设计,对齿轮进行疲劳强度分析;采用齿轮宏观参数优化和微观修形设计方法,提高齿轮承载能力,减小传递误差,改善齿轮接触区应力分布,提高齿轮传动系统的运动平稳性。     

多相多孔材料/结构的集成优化设计

采用均匀化方法,以宏观结构柔顺度为优化目标,开展了多相多孔材料/结构的集成优化设计。借鉴仿生思想,提出两尺度材料/结构构成模型,归纳出微结构精细设计的选择判据。结合伪密度法和周长控制消除了多相材料分布的棋盘格。采用分层优化方法并结合算例研究了实体材料模量相对比值、材料组分变化对优化结果的影响。计算结果说明所提出的结构构成模型能有效地应用于多相多孔材料/结构的优化设计,为新型多功能材料/结构的设计拓宽了思路。     

微小型航空燃气轮机离心叶轮拓扑优化设计

离心叶轮是微小型航空燃气轮机中的关键部件,要求其在满足气动性能的前提下,尽量减轻结构重量,传统设计制造技术已基本发挥到极致,但增材制造技术及拓扑优化设计方法的发展为其进一步优化设计拓展了新的空间。针对某型航空微型燃气轮机离心叶轮减重设计问题,依托增材制造和拓扑优化设计技术,在现有设计的基础上,首先对离心叶轮进行静强度分析,然后开展基于骨架模型的离心叶轮拓扑优化设计及可实现的工艺设计,最后对优化后的模型进行校核。结果表明：该优化设计模型实现离心叶轮减重8.7%,进一步提高了微小型航空燃气轮机的功重比;同时最大变形减少7.5%,最大等效应力减少0.59%,提升了离心叶轮工作时的安全裕度。     

基于递阶遗传算法的结构非接触形状控制

以PLZT光致伸缩层合梁非接触形状控制问题为研究对象,提出了一种结合结构拓扑优化与递阶遗传算法的控制方法.该方法以PLZT光致伸缩驱动器的拓扑分布和照射的光强值为设计变量,以PLZT光致伸缩层合梁的期望形状与控制形状的差值函数为适应度函数,应用结构拓扑优化、递阶遗传算法和有限元法,优化了PLZT光致伸缩驱动器的分布和所照射的光强值.与基于传统遗传算法的形状控制方法的计算结果进行了对比分析,该方法的进化速度提高了91%以上,所控制的结构形状与期望形状的误差较传统遗传算法降低了76%以上.      

流体拓扑优化方法及其在叶轮机械中的应用

相比于结构拓扑优化,流体拓扑优化的发展较为滞后。为了促进流体拓扑优化在叶轮机械领域的应用,根据公开资料中的研究成果,首先介绍了该方法的理论基础,包括优化问题数学模型、流动控制方程及求解方法、灵敏度分析技术、优化不稳定问题的预防措施及几何重构方法。然后总结归纳了流体拓扑优化在叶轮机械气动热力学领域的研究现状,通过对涡轮叶片内部冷却结构、涡轮叶片叶顶结构以及离心压气机弯道设计的描述,指出该方法的技术优势。研究表明,相比于传统形状和尺寸优化方法,拓扑优化具有更高的设计自由度,且突破了结构参数化的限制,有助于挖掘具有优良性能的新型结构。最后,对流体拓扑优化方法在未来叶轮机械设计中的发展进行了展望。     

Integration of Manufacturing Cost into Structural Optimization of Composite Wings

 The manufacturing cost is a significant factor that must be considered in the structural design of a composite wing. A multi-objective optimization method for the tradeoff between manufacturing cost and weight of composite wing structure is developed by integrating the manufacturing cost model into the traditional wing structural optimization. A two-level optimiza-tion method is proposed to carry out the tradeoff between manufacturing cost and weight, in which the design variables include both structural layout and dimensions and a cost model is incorporated into structural optimization. The manufacturing cost model for a composite wing and the detail procedure for solving this tradeoff problem are presented. The application of the method to the composite wing structural design of an unmanned aerial vehicle is illustrated to verify the method. The applica-tion indicates that the method is able to find the Pareto optimal set of minimum structural weight and manufacturing cost. Based on the Pareto optimal set, one can conduct the tradeoff between manufacturing cost and weight of wing structures.