基于时频脊线和阶次分析的转子故障诊断

为解决采用在转子升降速过程中产生的非平稳信号难以进行故障诊断的问题,提出一种基于2维时频脊线和阶次分析的转子故障诊断方法。采集转子升降速信号,采用2维时频分布的峰值脊线提取法获得信号脊线特征,结合脊线特征与等角度重采样技术依次获得信号角度域、角-阶域和阶次域图像,将信号阶次域内的特征参数作为故障敏感特征,输入人工神经网络诊断模型,对转子信号的故障类型进行分类。利用实测信号验证所提方法的实际应用效果,并与传统特征提取法的结果进行对比。结果表明：阶次分析方法的测试准确率约为99.8%,标准差小于0.09%,均优于传统特征提取法。基于时频脊线和阶次分析的转子故障诊断方法具有更高的诊断准确率,在非平稳信号特征提取过程中具有很好的可行性和准确性。     

Impulse feature extraction method for machinery fault detection using fusion sparse coding and online dictionary learning

Impulse components in vibration signals are important fault features of complex machines. Sparse coding(SC) algorithm has been introduced as an impulse feature extraction method, but it could not guarantee a satisfactory performance in processing vibration signals with heavy background noises. In this paper, a method based on fusion sparse coding(FSC) and online dictionary learning is proposed to extract impulses efficiently. Firstly, fusion scheme of different sparse coding algorithms is presented to ensure higher reconstruction accuracy. Then, an improved online dictionary learning method using FSC scheme is established to obtain redundant dictionary and it can capture specific features of training samples and reconstruct the sparse approximation of vibration signals. Simulation shows that this method has a good performance in solving sparse coefficients and training redundant dictionary compared with other methods. Lastly, the proposed method is further applied to processing aircraft engine rotor vibration signals. Compared with other feature extraction approaches, our method can extract impulse features accurately and efficiently from heavy noisy vibration signal, which has significant supports for machinery fault detection and diagnosis.     

卷积神经网络和峭度在轴承故障诊断中的应用

针对传统智能诊断方法依靠专家知识和人工提取数据特征工作量大的问题,结合深度学习方法在特征提取和处理大数据方面的优势,研究了一种基于卷积神经网络和振动信号峭度指标的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。该方法将深度学习应用于轴承故障诊断,提取滚动轴承正常状态、内圈故障、外圈故障和滚动体故障4种状态的振动信号,将振动信号分段处理得到峭度指标,使用数据到图像的转换方法将峭度指标转换为灰度图,送入卷积神经网络模型完成故障分类。在进行滚动轴承故障诊断的实验时,所提的模型诊断准确率达到99.5%,高于传统支持向量机(SVM)算法的95.8%。      

Online condition diagnosis for a two-stage gearbox machinery of an aerospace utilization system using an ensemble multi-fault features indexing approach

China manned space station is designed to operate for over ten years. Long-term and sustainable research on space science and technology will be conducted during its operation. The application payloads must meet the ‘‘long life and high reliability" mission requirement. Gearbox machinery is one of the essential devices in an aerospace utilization system, failure of which may lead to downtime loss even during some disastrous catastrophes. A fault diagnosis of gearbox has attracted attentions for its significance in preventing catastrophic accidents and guaranteeing sufficient maintenance. A novel fault diagnosis method based on the Ensemble Multi-Fault Features Indexing(EMFFI) approach is proposed for the condition monitoring of gearboxes. Different from traditional methods of signal analysis in the one-dimensional space, this study employs a supervised learning method to determine the faults of a gearbox in a two-dimensional space using the classification model established by training the features extracted automatically from diagnostic vibration signals captured. The proposed method mainly includes the following steps. First, the vibration signals are transformed into a bi-spectrum contour map utilizing bi-spectrum technology,which provides a basis for the following image-based feature extraction. Then, Speeded-Up Robustness Feature(SURF) is applied to automatically extract the image feature points of the bi-spectrum contour map using a multi-fault features indexing theory, and the feature dimension is reduced by Linear Discriminant Analysis(LDA). Finally, Random Forest(RF) is introduced to identify the fault types of the gearbox. The test results verify that the proposed method based on the multi-fault features indexing approach achieves the target of high diagnostic accuracy and can serve as a highly effective technique to discover faults in a gearbox machinery such as a two-stage one.     

基于免疫聚类分析的特征提取及其在发动机故障诊断中的应用

以提高航空发动机故障诊断的快速性和准确性为目的，基于人工免疫理论中的克隆选择算法，结合聚类分析方法，提出了基于免疫聚类分析的故障特征提取方法。该方法通过删除对分类无关的特征以及压缩类间相关特征，得到最有利于分类的子特征集，提高了分类器的分类性能。并且该算法具有本质上的并行性、计算效率高和聚类能力强等优点。多类支持向量机的分类实验表明，经过基于免疫聚类分析提取的特征对发动机的故障具有更好的识别能力，为发动机的状态监测与故障诊断提供了依据。     

基于EMD样本熵-LLTSA的故障特征提取方法

针对振动信号的非线性、非平稳性以及微弱故障特征难以提取的问题,提出了一种基于经验模态分解(EMD)、样本熵和流形学习的故障特征提取方法.该方法将EMD、样本熵和流形学习相结合.首先,利用EMD的自适应多分辨率的特点计算分解得到的IMF(固有模态函数)信号的样本熵,初步提取滚动轴承状态特征值;然后利用流形学习方法对初步的提取的滚动轴承状态特征进行进一步的提取;最后利用支持向量机(SVM)对该特征提取方法进行分类评估,并将该方法运用在滚动轴承故障诊断实验中,实验证明该特征提取方法与基于小波包样本熵的故障诊断方法相比具有很好的聚类性能,且对于SVM的分类结果可达100%,在降低了特征数据的复杂度的同时,增强了故障模式识别的分类性能,具有一定的优越性.     

Fault diagnosis of bearings based on deep separable convolutional neural network and spatial dropout

Bearing pitting, one of the common faults in mechanical systems, is a research hotspot in both academia and industry. Traditional fault diagnosis methods for bearings are based on manual experience with low diagnostic efficiency. This study proposes a novel bearing fault diagnosis method based on deep separable convolution and spatial dropout regularization. Deep separable convolution extracts features from the raw bearing vibration signals, during which a 3 × 1 convolutional kernel with a one-s...     

转速波动状态下涡轮泵典型故障诊断方法

利用涡轮泵振动信号的变换域信息可有效地检测与诊断故障。针对涡轮泵转子叶片断裂与脱落这种典型故障,首先分析其出现的原因,并从动力学的角度研究其振动特征,选择可有效反映该故障的特征频率。然而,涡轮泵转速波动会造成这些特征频率提取的困难,为此提出一种解决此难题的新思路,通过一系列变换域处理来消除转速波动对振动频率的影响,在变换域中提取出稳定的特征频率,从而解决了涡轮泵转速波动状态下该型故障诊断问题。通过涡轮泵历史试车故障数据的验证表明,通过跟踪变换域中这些特征频率的幅值变化,可以有效检测与诊断涡轮泵转子叶片断裂与脱落故障。     

FRFT域能量谱模拟电路故障特征提取方法

故障特征提取是模拟电路故障诊断的关键技术之一,为了提高故障特征的可诊性,提出 1种基于分数阶傅里摘叶变换(Fractional Fourier Transform,FRFT)域能量谱的模拟电路故障特征提取方法。首先,采集测试节点电压信号并将其映射到不同的 FRFT域空间中(p从 0变化到 1);然后,计算所有 FRFT域空间中的能量谱峰值并将其作为故障特征;最后,将归一化后的特征用于训练最近邻分类器进行诊断验证。与现有的 FRFT故障特征提取方法相比,该方法减少了计算量,且提取的特征能够在所有 FRFT域中更全面地反映不同故障响应信号的细微差异,有利于提高故障特征的可分性。在仿真和物理电路上进行了验证,实验结果表明:所提方法能提高故障诊断准确率,且时间复杂度有明显改善。     

基于遗传规划和线性鉴别分析的故障特征提取模型及其应用

1引言航空发动机故障诊断需要从原始监测数据中获取合理的特征参数,如果依靠专家经验手工从众多的监测参数中选取特征参数,将是十分烦琐和低效的。因此,构造优质的特征参数是提高故障诊断效率及其准确性的关键。许多机器学习方法被应用到特征参数的自动选取中,例如神经网络[1],     

基于IRCMNDE和NNCHC的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对多尺度散布熵（MDE）在粗粒化过程中易发生信息丢失、产生虚假信息,难以全面提取轴承故障信息的问题,提出了基于改进的精细复合多尺度归一化散布熵（IRCMNDE）和最近邻凸包分类（NNCHC）的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。引入精细复合多尺度散布熵（RCMDE）,将其粗粒化过程中平均值替换为最大值来表示数据段信息,以克服传统粗粒化过程的不足并突出故障特征。通过归一化操作减弱熵值计算时不同参数选择导致的熵值波动幅度,得到IRCMNDE。将IRCMNDE作为故障特征,使用NNCHC分类器对故障特征进行分类。经实验验证,该方法可达到98.98%的故障识别准确率,相比基于MDE（故障识别准确率为95.99%）和RCMDE（故障识别准确率为97.60%）的方法,能够更准确地提取滚动轴承的故障特征信息,提高承故障分类的准确性。      

发动机转子系统早期故障特征提取方法

对飞机发动机转子系统早期故障特点进行分析的基础上,提出了利用虚拟仪器和Matlab小波工具箱分析软件对其早期故障进行检测和特征提取的方法.文中对早期故障特征量的选取、有用信号与噪声信号的分离方法、突变信号与奇异信号的特征提取等进行了分析和研究,并以转子早期碰摩和早期不平衡为例进行了实验研究.结果表明,Labview和Matlab小波分析软件相结合,能够快速有效地提取发动机转子系统的早期故障特征,为发动机转子系统早期故障的快速识别提供了一种新途径.     

Rotating machinery fault diagnosis based on convolutional neural network and infrared thermal imaging

Rotating machinery is widely applied in industrial applications. Fault diagnosis of rotating machinery is vital in manufacturing system, which can prevent catastrophic failure and reduce financial losses. Recently, Deep Learning (DL)-based fault diagnosis method becomes a hot topic. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is an effective DL method to extract the features of raw data automatically. This paper develops a fault diagnosis method using CNN for InfRared Thermal (IRT) image. First, IRT technique is utilized to capture the IRT images of rotating machinery. Second, the CNN is applied to extract fault features from the IRT images. In the end, the obtained features are fed into the Softmax Regression (SR) classifier for fault pattern identification. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated using two different experimental data. Results show that the proposed method has a superior performance in identification various faults on rotor and bearings comparing with other deep learning models and traditional vibration-based method.     

基于小波分形和一类辨识的航空发动机故障诊断

在支持向量机理论的基础上,针对支持向量机的二类辨识传统,引入了基于支持向量机的一类辨识理论。设计了航空发动机几种典型故障的一类分类器,使得发动机的故障诊断更加简单可行。同时,将小波分形方法引入到航空发动机振动信号的特征提取中。通过对航空发动机典型故障的成功诊断,证明了该方法的有效性。     

基于RDK-ELM 的航空发动机控制系统故障诊断

为保持较高诊断正确率,缩短训练时间,满足航空发动机故障诊断对于实时性和高诊断率的需求,提出1种对深度核极限学习机的简约改进方法。输入数据中随机选取部分数据作为支持向量,结合深度学习网络的多层结构,完成了对输入样本的特征提取,通过核函数实现了高维空间映射分类。数字仿真表明:算法分类正确率高,训练时间短,可应用于航空发动机控制系统的故障诊断。     

基于GSP仿真和SDAE的航空发动机故障诊断

为了深入研究航空发动机故障机理,提出基于航空燃气涡轮发动机性能仿真软件(GSP)和堆栈降噪自编码器(SDAE)的航空发动机故障诊断方法。通过GSP性能仿真方法模拟发动机在不同设计参数下的部件故障,并得到对应的运行状态参数;从每种故障类型下的长时间序列的状态参数中提取出向量化的曲线特征,构成故障样本;将故障样本带入SDAE模型中进行深度特征提取,经过前向传播和反向微调得到训练好的模型用于发动机故障诊断。结果表明:GSP能够通过参数更改来模拟微弱故障下的状态参数,从而构建多故障样本集;SDAE的重构误差和反向传播误差能够快速收敛到较小值,SDAE的故障诊断正确率为99.5%;与深度信念网络(DBN)、人工神经网络(ANN)以及经典机器学习方法支持向量机(SVM)相比,SDAE的故障分类正确率分别提高了0.8%、6.9%和10.1%。     

基于Birge-Massart阈值降噪与EEMD及谱峭度的滚动轴承故障特征提取

针对传统共振解调方法易受噪声干扰导致故障特征提取效果不佳的问题,提出了一种基于Birge-Massart策略的阈值降噪与集成经验模态分解(EEMD)和快速谱峭度算法相结合的滚动轴承故障特征提取方法。对原始故障信号进行EEMD并采用峭度准则筛选出含有故障信息的本征模态函数(IMF)分量;采用Birge-Massart策略和快速谱峭度对故障信号进行滤波降噪;对滤波后信号进行Hilbert包络解调,提取轴承故障特征。采用该方法分别对仿真信号和实验信号进行特征提取,结果表明该方法可以有效提高故障信号信噪比,清晰准确地获取轴承内、外圈故障的频率特征。利用峭度因子准则筛选IMF分量能有效保留原始故障信号中的冲击特征,去除无关IMF分量的影响。      

小型航空活塞发动机喷油异常的故障诊断

针对小型航空活塞发动机出现的喷油异常故障,基于发动机的缸内压力和缸盖振动信号,采用一种变分模态分解和布谷鸟搜索优化支持向量机相结合的故障诊断方法对发动机喷油异常故障进行诊断.该方法使用变分模态分解对发动机的缸内压力信号和缸盖振动信号进行处理得到本征模态函数,对本征模态函数进行奇异值分解和能量特征提取,将缸内压力和缸盖振...     

Intrinsic component filtering for fault diagnosis of rotating machinery

Fault diagnosis of rotating machinery has always drawn wide attention. In this paper, Intrinsic Component Filtering (ICF), which achieves population sparsity and lifetime consistency using two constraints: $l_{1/2}$ norm of column features and $l_{3/2}$ -norm of row features, is proposed for the machinery fault diagnosis. ICF can be used as a feature learning algorithm, and the learned features can be fed into the classification to achieve the automatic fault classification. ICF can also be used as a filter training method to extract and separate weak fault components from the noise signals without any prior experience. Simulated and experimental signals of bearing fault are used to validate the performance of ICF. The results confirm that ICF performs superior in three fault diagnosis fields including intelligent fault diagnosis, weak signature detection and compound fault separation.     

基于CEEMDAN降噪与双谱分析的滚动轴承故障诊断

滚动轴承早期故障信号中的噪声成分会影响到故障特征的提取。为了提高含噪故障信号中滚动轴承早期故障特征提 取的准确性，将基于自适应噪声的完备经验模态分解（CEEMDAN）用于滚动轴承振动信号的降噪中，并对降噪后的轴承故障信号 进行双谱分析。结果表明：CEEMDAN可有效去除轴承振动信号中的低频噪声干扰，经CEEMDAN降噪后的不同轴承故障信号的 双谱全局图存在明显差异，根据这些差异可在宏观上对不同轴承故障加以区分；通过经CEEMDAN降噪后的不同轴承故障信号的 双谱细节图可以正确提取不同轴承故障的特征频率，从而实现对各轴承故障的有效诊断。CEEMDAN降噪结合双谱分析可为滚 动轴承故障诊断提供一种新的有效方法。