Prediction of forming limit curve （FLC） for AI-Li alloy 2198-T3 sheet using different yield functions

The Forming Limit Curve （FLC） of the third generation aluminum-lithium （Al-Li） alloy 2198-T3 is measured by conducting a hemispherical dome test with specimens of different widths. The theoretical prediction of the FLC of 2198-T3 is based on the M-K theory utilizing respectively the von Mises, Hill＇48, Hosford and Barlat 89 yield functions, and the different predicted curves due to different yield functions are compared with the experimentally measured FLC of 2198-T3. The results show that though there are differences among the four predicted curves, yet they all agree well with the experimentally measured curve. In the area near the planar strain state, the predicted curves and experimentally measured curve are very close. The predicted curve based on the Hosford yield function is more accurate under the tension-compression strain states described in the left part of the FLC, while the accuracy is better for the predicted curve based on Hill＇48 yield function under the tension-tension strain states shown in the right part.     

双向应力状态下IC10高温合金的屈服行为研究

 为了研究Ni₃Al基金属间化合物IC10高温合金的屈服行为,对其进行了不同加载路径下的双向拉伸试验.试验采用十字形双向拉伸试验件在Zwick/Roell Z010双向拉伸试验机上进行,得到的最大等效应变为0.02.试验加载方向与材料塑性各向异性主轴重合,采用位移控制方法让两个夹头的加载速率比保持不变,得到不同线性加载路径下的应力-应变曲线.根据单位体积塑性功相等原理获得了IC10合金在双向拉伸应力状态下的屈服轨迹,并与目前常用的几种正交各向异性屈服准则及von Mises屈服准则预测结果进行了对比.结果表明,IC10合金的试验屈服轨迹呈外凸性,以双向等拉线为界的上下部分屈服轨迹不对称,显示出明显的塑性各向异性.各向同性von Mises 屈服准则只包含一个材料常数,无法描述IC10合金的塑性各向异性行为;Hill 二次式屈服准则在双向等拉应力状态附近低估了材料的屈服强度;Logan &; Hosford屈服准则在从双向等拉到横向单拉的应力状态下都低估了材料的屈服强度,与试验结果相差较大.Banabic-Balan屈服准则和Barlat (1989) 屈服准则的预测值与试验结果吻合很好,能很好地描述IC10合金在双向应力状态下的屈服行为.     

Cross-sectional deformation behavior of double-ridged rectangular tube with fillers in different stages of H-typed bending

The bent double-ridged rectangular tube (DRRT) with high forming quality is helpful to improve the microwave transmission accuracy. For reducing the cross-sectional deformation in the H-typed bending process, in addition to using rigid mandrel to support the inside of tube, ridge groove fillers are also added to restrict the deformation of ridge grooves. Because of the change of stress and strain state of bent tube in bending, rigid mandrel retracting and specially twice-springback stages, and the springback of fillers, the cross-sectional deformation of tube in each stage may be different. Therefore, based on the ABAQUS platform, the finite element models (FEM) for H-typed bending, mandrel retracting and twice-springback stages of H96 DRRT with fillers were established and validated. It is found that, for the height and width deformation of tube and spacing deformation of ridge grooves, retraction of mandrel can make the distribution of these deformations more uniform along the bending direction. The first springback can reduce these deformations significantly, which should be emphasized. But the second springback only increases them by less amount, which can be ignored. The smaller height deformation of ridge groove and filler can be neglected.     

A constitutive model coupling damage and material anisotropy for wide stress triaxiality

A constitutive model that can describe the damage evolution of anisotropic metal sheets during the complex forming processes which experience wide stress triaxiality history is essential to accurately predict the deformation and rupture behaviors of the processes. In this study, a modified Lemaitre damage criterion which couples with the anisotropic Barlat 89 yield function is established. The effects of stress triaxiality, Lode parameter and shear stress on damage accumulation are considered in the constitutive model. The model is numerically implemented and applied to fracture prediction in tensile tests with different stress triaxialities and a complex deformation process with wide stress triaxiality history. The good consistency of predictions and experiments indicates that the modified Lemaitre damage model has excellent fracture prediction ability. Finally, the accuracy of the model is analyzed and discussed.     

Springback prediction of thick-walled high-strength titanium tube bending

Significant springback occurs after tube rotary-draw-bending （RDB）, especially for a high-strength Ti-3A1-2.5V tube （HSTT） due to its high ratio of yield strength to Young＇s modulus. The combination scheme of explicit and implicit is preferred to predict the springback. This simulation strategy includes several numerical parameters, such as element type, number of elements through thickness （NEL）, element size, etc. However, the influences of these parameters on spring- back prediction accuracy are not fully understood. Thus, taking the geometrical specification 9.525 mm × 0.508 mm ofa HSTT as the objective, the effects of numerical parameters on prediction accuracy and computation efficiency of springback simulation of HSTT RDB are investigated. The simulated springback results are compared with experimental ones. The main results are： （1） solid and continuum-shell elements predict the experimental results well; （2） for C3DSR elements, NEL of at least 3 is required to obtain reliable results and a relative error of 29% can occur as NEL is varied in the range of 1-3; （3） specifying damping factor typically works well in Abaqus/Emplicit simulation of springback and the springback results are sensitive to the magnitude of damping factor. In addition, the explanations of the effect rules are given and a guideline is added.     

考虑静水压力和LODE 角的塑性模型 在GH4169 合金上的应用

针对典型盘用镍基高温合金GH4169,采用Bai-Wierzbizki(B-W)塑性理论对其塑性变形行为进行建模和应用评估。B-W塑性理论假设金属材料塑性变形仍服从von Mises屈服准则,但屈服函数考虑了静水压力和LODE角(偏应力第3不变量)对塑性行为的影响。采用Abaqus/Explicit商业有限元软件编制了该塑性模型的用户材料子程序,设计开展了GH4169合金的光滑、缺口圆棒和缺口平板拉伸试验,基于有限元分析和优化方法确定了B-W模型相关材料参数,对GH4169合金光滑和缺口拉伸响应曲线进行有限元预测,并与试验结果进行对比分析。结果表明:B-W模型预测的GH4169合金缺口圆棒和平板拉伸响应曲线与试验结果非常吻合,而基于传统von Mises塑性模型预测的GH4169合金缺口拉伸响应曲线均明显高于试验曲线。     

模具约束条件对H96黄铜双脊矩形管E弯截面变形的影响

 双脊矩形管的绕弯成形受内外侧模具的共同约束,不同模具约束下管坯的受力不同,使得其截面变形情况也不相同,而截面变形严重地影响弯管件的成形质量和使用性能。因此,基于ABAQUS有限元平台建立了双脊矩形管E弯成形三维有限元模型,并通过实验验证了模型的可靠性。采用所建模型,研究了内外侧模具约束条件对双脊矩形管E弯截面变形的影响规律,发现当只有内腹板脊槽受约束时,内腹板脊槽的内缩变形可得到较好的控制,而其他部位的变形则有增大的趋势;当只有外腹板脊槽受约束时,内腹板脊槽宽度变形基本不发生变化,而其他部位的变形则有减小的趋势;当内外腹板脊槽均受约束时,可较好地控制双脊矩形管E弯过程中的截面变形。芯头个数对整管截面高度、宽度、外腹板脊槽宽度与两脊槽底部的间距的变形影响较大,但对内腹板脊槽宽度的变形影响不显著。     

Influence of thickness and initial groove angle in M–K model on limit strain of 7B04 by considering through-thickness stress

Marciniack–Kuczinski (M–K) model is widely used to predict material’s forming limit curve (FLC). The prediction of FLC traditionally neglected through-thickness normal stress. However, it cannot be neglected in some forming processes. Much work has been done to study the effect of through-thickness normal stress on FLC with constant through-thickness normal stress or constant ratio of through-thickness normal stress and maximum principal stress. In addition, based on Nakazima test process, the ratio of through-thickness normal stress and maximum principal stress has been derived, which was a function of instantaneous thickness and loading path. Here, initial groove angle in M–K model was not considered. In this paper, uniaxial tension tests and Nakazima tests were performed on 7B04 aluminum alloy. Based on Hill 48 yield criterion and M–K model, the prediction model of FLC was established. The increase of thickness can enhance FLC. Meanwhile, it is necessary to consider through-thickness normal stress and initial groove angle in prediction model. On the left side of FLC, the effect of initial groove angle on FLC is weakened by increasing sheet thickness. On the right side of FLC, the effect of initial groove angle on FLC is strengthened by increasing sheet thickness. On the right side of FLC, the relation between limit strain points with different thicknesses is linear under one certain loading path. Thickness has decisive effect on through-thickness normal stress level and the changing trendy of through-thickness normal stress during calculation is different under different stress condition.     

镍基单晶合金弹塑性本构模型

Hill模型用于面心立方单晶的弹塑性变形,在描述屈服特性的晶向相关性时精度不高。考虑正交各向异性材料在偏轴受载时存在拉、剪应力耦合效应的影响,通过增加一项由应力偏张量分量的二次项乘积构成的应力不变量,对Hill屈服模型进行修正,并根据单晶合金的屈服特点提出了新的单晶合金屈服准则。用该屈服准则对DD3单晶合金的屈服应力进行预测,760℃时能很好地符合试验结果;与Hill屈服准则比较,预测精度显著提高。在此基础上,重新定义了适合新屈服准则的等效应力,并由联合流动法则,以屈服函数作为塑性势函数,采用等向硬化模型,建立了单晶合金的弹塑性本构模型,推导出相应的弹塑性矩阵。对于各向同性材料,新屈服准及其等效应力则退化为VonMises屈服准则和其相应的等效应力。      

高可靠度TC17基复合材料叶环破裂转速预测技术研究

为了建立安全可靠预测TC17基复合材料叶环破裂转速的方法,尽快实现其工程应用,开展了SiC连续纤维增强TC17基复合材料叶环结构破裂转速预测技术研究。测定了复合材料叶环成型过程所导致的TC17基体力学性能变化规律,仿真分析了由于热不匹配导致的热残余应力对复合材料叶环强度的影响。考虑复合材料试棒和叶环结构的差异,建立了基于复合材料试棒拉伸强度极限的高可靠度复合材料叶环破裂转速预估准则。完成了复合材料叶环强度试验件设计、制备和试验验证,并对试验件进行了断口分析。结果表明：复合材料叶环成型后,TC17基体合金本构模型将发生改变,其屈服和拉伸强度都有较大程度的下降,强度分析时应予以考虑。复合材料叶环成型工艺所导致的叶环热残余应力使得复合材料增强芯的同一半径处的周向应力沿轴向产生了梯度,其周向和径向最大应力均有明显降低,还导致叶环残余变形最大位置发生了变化。在旋转试验过程中,应变实测值与仿真结果相近。断口分析结果证明本文研究的复合材料叶环结构实际破裂模式为周向破裂,与所建立的仿真方法和评估准则预测的破裂模式一致,且破裂转速的预测精度较高,并保证了设计的安全性,可满足工程应用需求。     

复合材料叠层板壳材料非线性有限元分析

 本文采用通用于复合材料叠层厚、薄板壳的Heferosis三维退化曲壳元,利用Hill屈服准则和层状模型法,研制了针对金属基复合材料叠层板壳进行弹塑性分析的超参元程序。算例结果表明,叠层板壳分析方法和所编程序是可靠的,精度良好。     

竖直下降圆管内超临界压力RP-3航空煤油传热恶化实验研究

为理解空-油换热器中的冷却换热特性,对竖直下降圆管内超临界压力RP-3航空煤油的换热进行了实验研究。探究了稳态换热特征和换热机理,探讨了质量流量、热流密度、运行压力和进口温度对换热的影响;基于拟沸腾数提出了传热恶化的临界准则以及壁温最大飞升值的预测准则;通过浮升力和热加速判别准则分析了两者对换热的影响;实现了换热关联式预测。结果表明：浮升力和热加速对换热的影响可以忽略。拟沸腾换热机制,即近壁流体膨胀力相比惯性力占主导时,类气态流体层覆盖壁面是传热恶化的原因。当拟沸腾数高于2.5×10^-4时,拟沸腾换热机制起作用。最后,探究了泄压过程中的瞬态换热特征。泄压过程中拟沸腾数不断增大,传热恶化加剧,高泄压速率下甚至出现壁温波动。     

Biaxial tensile behavior of Ti-6Al-4V under proportional loading

The biaxial tensile behavior of isotropic Ti-6Al-4 V is characterized in this paper. A novel cruciform specimen was designed and optimized to achieve uniform stress and strain distribution within the gauge area. Biaxial tensile tests were conducted at three different loading ratios by the biaxial testing machine. The Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique was applied to determine strain distribution, and a high-speed camera was employed to record the fracture process. An Inverse Analysis (IA) approach with a combined experimental and numerical method was proposed to determine the true stresses at the gauge section of the specimen during biaxial tensile tests. The results indicate that the initial yield locus can be described by the Cazacu criterion accurately, whereas the Mises criterion can predict better the strengthening behavior of Ti-6Al-4 V in the first quadrant in the principal stress space.     

杯-杆型复合挤压过程的数值模拟及其表面裂纹缺陷的预测

 采用刚塑性有限元法对杯－杆型复合挤压过程进行了数值模拟,分析了成形过程中的变形力及金属流动规律,根据计算得到的应力、应变场,运用韧性断裂准则,预测了复合挤压变形时产生的表面开裂缺陷。数值计算结果与实验结果相当吻合。     

一种改进的Lemaitre韧性断裂准则及其在旋压成形中的应用

采用Lemaitre韧性断裂准则与有限元模拟相结合来预测材料在塑性成形过程中的开裂是广泛应用的一种方法,其中的Lemaitre准则是以损伤值与塑性应变呈线性关系为基础的,而实际一些材料的损伤值与塑性应变间却是非线性的.为此,本文将原Lemaitre准则中反映损伤值与塑性应变间的线性关系修正为非线性关系,得到了改进的Le...     

2.5维机织复合材料疲劳寿命预测方法

针对疲劳载荷作用下的2.5维机织复合材料,建立了疲劳寿命预测方法.该方法主要包括单胞模型、疲劳失效判定准则和材料性能退化方法3部分.选取单胞模型为研究对象,利用三维有限元技术进行应力分析;引入改进的三维Hashin疲劳失效准则和Mises准则作为纤维束和树脂基体的疲劳失效判据;采用刚度性能突降准则描述疲劳失效后的材料性能,采用考虑纤维体积分数影响的剩余刚度和剩余强度退化模型描述失效前材料的性能.通过疲劳寿命预测值与试验值的对比,验证了疲劳寿命预测方法的有效性.研究表明:经向拉-拉疲劳寿命随经纱纤维体积分数增大而增加,纬向拉-拉疲劳寿命受纬纱纤维体积分数影响较小.      

A user-friendly yield criterion for metals exhibiting tension-compression asymmetry

The aim of this paper is to model the yielding asymmetry of pressure-insensitive metals, including but not limited to Ni₃Al alloys. The main focuses are put on the flexibility and manipulative convenience. The parameters of theory are kept to a minimum and can be determined by as few tests as possible. These requirements are fulfilled by constructing a yield function using the second and third-invariants of a linearly transformed stress tensor. The proposed yield criterion has a simple mathematical form and has only seven parameters when used in three-dimensional stresses. Compared with existing theories, the new yield criterion has much fewer parameters, which makes it very convenient for practical applications. The coefficients of the criterion are identified by an error minimization procedure. Applications to a Ni₃Al based intermetallic alloy as well as a Cu-Al-Be shape memory alloy and comparison to other criteria show that the proposed criterion has nearly the same predictive ability and flexibility with other criteria. The proposed yield criterion can estimate the coefficients by using less data, which is a big advantage compared with other similar theories, especially when there is a limited number of experimental data.     

发动机故障诊断主因子模型故障相关性准则的研究

】主因子模型是发动机状态诊断（基于故障方程的故障诊断）理论的一个新进展。故障相关性准则的正确选取是主因子模型的核心问题。本文给出三种建立故障相关性准则的途径，即利用线性回归分析、时序分析和系统辨识理论中的定阶准则建立故障相关性准则，以及利用数理统计中的线性模型线性假设显著性检验理论和区间预测理论建立故障相关性准则。文中对所得到的１１个准则进行了比较。研究结果表明，利用线性模型线性假设显著性检验理论建立的两个准则（变量显著性准则ＶＳＣ和子集显著性准则ＳＳＣ）要比近代回归分析、系统辨识或时序分析中通常采用的选择最优变量子集的定阶准则具有更强的故障辨识能力和鉴别线性模型多重共线性的能力。     

Deformation Behavior of Medium-strength TA18 High-pressure Tubes During NC Bending with Different Bending Radii

To improve the forming quality and forming limit of the numerical control (NC) bending of high-pressure titanium alloy tubes, in this study, using three-dimensional (3D) finite element method, deformation behavior of medium-strength TA18 high-pressure tubes during NC bending with different bending radii is investigated. The results show that the cross-sectional deformation and the wall thickness variation during NC bending of TA18 tubes using a small bending radius (less than 2 times of tube outside diameter) are clearly different from that using a normal bending radius (between 2 and 4 times of tube outside diameter). For bending with a normal bending radius, with or without a mandrel, the distribution of the flattening in the bending area resembles a platform and an asymmetric parabola, respectively. For bending with a small bending radius, with or without a mandrel, the flattening both distributes like a parabola, but the former has a stable peak which deflects toward the initial bending section, and the latter has a more pronounced peak with a bending angle and deflects slightly toward the bending section. The wall thickness variations with a normal bending radius, with and without a mandrel, both resemble a platform when the bending angle exceeds a certain angle. For the bending with a small radius, the distribution of the wall thickness variation without a mandrel follows an approximate parabola which increases in value as the bending angle increases. If a mandrel is used, the thickening ratio increases from the initial bending section to the bending section.     

A Criterion Based on Closed-loop Pilot-aircraft Systems for Predicting Flying Qualities

During the process of aircraft design, the mathematical model of pilot control behavior characteristics is always used to predict aircraft flying qualities (FQ). This is one of the important methods to avoid pilot-aircraft adverse coupling. In order to study the FQ criterion based on closed-loop pilot-aircraft systems, first, an experimental database is built, which includes 40 aircraft dynamics configurations and the corresponding flight simulation results. Second, the mathematical pilot models with a set of different aircraft configurations are obtained by this experimental database. Then, two FQ criteria, Neal-Smith criterion and Moscow Aviation Institute (MAI) criterion, are analyzed. And the relationship between the FQ level evaluated by actual pilot and the parameters of closed-loop pilot-aircraft systems is studied. Finally, an improved criterion of aircraft FQ is built based on the above two criteria. This new criterion is further used to predict FQ for four new aircraft dynamics configurations, and the prediction results verify its accuracy and practicability.