Training effectiveness evaluation of helicopter emergency relief based on virtual simulation

Helicopters are playing an increasingly important part in emergency relief, such as earthquake rescue, firefighting and medical transport. With the development of virtual simulation technology, virtual simulation-based training is widely used in the training of the helicopter crew especially for the dangerous and costly missions mentioned above. A complete training effectiveness evaluation method is proposed to evaluate the trainees’ training effect based on virtual simulation in this paper. A key to this method is regarding the complicated process as a discrete event-activity flow system and establishing the evaluation indicator system. Then expert group and Analytical Network Process (ANP) are applied to determine the weight of indicators. When the training data are processed, there is a novel attempt to apply Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation (FCE) model to calculate the two categories of indicators. Eventually, an experiment and the analysis were carried out to validate the evaluation method.     

武装直升机红外成像仿真

虚拟仿真以其低成本、短周期、高质量的特点,逐渐成为复杂环境下红外成像制导武器设计分析、验证和评估的主要手段之一。以某武装直升机目标为对象,首先利用基于航空发动机物理模型的方法,通过全尺寸几何建模、计算蒙皮、尾喷和羽烟等主要红外辐射源的流场和温度场,利用灰度等级描述红外辐射信息,生成不同视向角下的近场红外辐射亮度显示,并存储形成数据库。然后根据具体使用时的条件从数据库中调用,按照距离进行大气衰减,最终形成视点处的红外辐射亮度显示。实验结果证明,算法生成的武装直升机红外图像真实感强,实时性好,可用于红外成像制导导弹仿真和夜航模拟训练系统的红外视景显示,具有一定的军事参考价值。     

虚拟维修人体模型姿态舒适性评估库的设计与开发

通过分析常用人机系统标准和方法,提出了虚拟维修人体模型姿态舒适性评估库的内部结构和组成,并进行了评估库准则、评分细则和等级表示的设计.论述了基于DELMIA人机模块的应用开发框架,结合沉浸式虚拟现实环境下直升机的某一典型虚拟维修性活动,对虚拟维修人体模型姿态舒适性评估库设计与开发的效果进行了实例验证,并作了相应总结.     

民机特情乘务训练模拟软件的设计研究

为提高飞行乘务员在民机飞行过程中处理事故的应对能力,消除因人为因素产生的损失,保证飞行的安全性,根据2003年中国国际航空公司编制的飞行乘务员培训大纲中关于乘务应急生存训练内容,提炼出了关于乘务应急生存训练的框架,介绍了编制飞行乘务员应急培训所需要培训模拟软件的设计思路,以期为民机的安全飞行提供技术保障支持。     

航线检查维修培训中的VR应用分析

航线维修是确保航班安全运行的重要环节。传统的维修培训方法包括授课、测评,以及实习等方式,但对于实际技能的培训效果有限。将VR技术与基于模型的方法相结合,一方面可以更好地复现培训场景,另一方面可以通过将实际事件的发生概率和培训场景、内容及过程相结合,实现对培训效果的评价。选取了机务维修工作中日常频繁执行的航线绕机检查工作,探索VR技术与CAD建模的传递,建立真实和灵活的飞机、部件模型。结合对场景、模式、交互、流程的设计,建立VR绕机检查培训的实验性原型系统。发展了根据历史数据和引入人为差错因素的故障呈现公式,实现了对航线绕机检查工作的培训和考核功能。根据对组织试用过程的数据收集和分析,证明了VR系统在机务维修培训方面的价值,为后续深入研究提供借鉴。     

Virtual Reality-based Teleoperation with Robustness Against Modeling Errors

This article investigates virtual reality (VR)-based teleoperation with robustness against modeling errors. VR technology is an effective way to overcome the large time delay during space robot teleoperation. However, it depends highly on the accuracy of model. Model errors between the virtual and real environment exist inevitably. The existing way to deal with the problem is by means of either model matching or robot compliance control. As distinct from the existing methods, this article tries to combine model matching and robot compliance control. On one hand, the status of the virtual robot is corrected by using the position sensor data from robot joints before and during teleoperation, and the pose of the virtually manipulated object is obtained with visual recognition technology. On the other hand, compliance control algorithms of impedance control based on joint torque sensors and hybrid position/force control based on a wrist sensor have been executed in order to eliminate the small sustaining model errors. A VR-based teleoperation system of satellite on-orbit self-serving is built up. In order to verify the proposed method, an experiment deploying the solar panel troubled by malfunction is carried out through teleoperation. It shows that the large model errors are removed with the model matching method and the adopted compliance control is robust against the remaining small model errors.     

直升机海上应急救援能力评估研究

将直升机海上应急救援过程中“事前预防—事中响应—事后恢复”3 个阶段的安全问题考虑到应急救援体系中,可有效评估直升机海上应急救援能力,提高其应急救援效率。基于“5W1H”分析法设计研究框架,通过文献分析、问卷调查、专家咨询等方法对直升机海上应急救援能力评估指标进行筛选,确定出21 项评价指标并构建直升机海上应急救援能力评估指标体系;利用基于D-S 证据理论的层次分析法确定指标权重,运用模糊综合评估法构建直升机海上应急救援能力综合评估模型;将该评估模型应用到以海上风机维护人员受伤为例的救援演练中,得分为86.89,判定救援能力为“较强”。结果表明：该评价指标体系和评估模型有一定的实用性,能够有效评价直升机海上应急救援的能力。     

Evaluation of simulation-based training for aircraft carrier marshalling with learning cubic and Kirkpatrick’s models

Simulation-based training is a promising way to train a carrier flight deck crew because of the complex and dangerous working environment. Quantitative evaluation of simulation-based training quality is vital to make simulation-based training practical for aircraft carrier marshalling.This paper develops a personal computer-based aircraft carrier marshalling simulation system and a cave automatic virtual environment(CAVE)-based immersive environment. In order to compare the training effectiveness of simulation-based training and paper-based training, a learning cubic model is proposed and a contrast experiment is carried out as well. The experimental data is analyzed based on a simplified Kirkpatrick’s model. The results show that simulation-based training is better than paper-based training by 26.80% after three rounds of testing, which prove the effectiveness of simulation-based aircraft carrier marshalling training.     

Numerical simulation and transonic wind-tunnel test for elastic thin-shell structure considering fluid–structure interaction

Aerodynamic force can lead to the strong structural vibration of flying aircraft at a high speed. This harmful vibration can bring damage or failure to the electronic equipment fixed in aircraft. It is necessary to predict the structural dynamic response in the design course. This paper presents a new numerical algorithm and scheme to solve the structural dynamics responses when considering fluid–structure interaction(FSI). Numerical simulation for a free-flying structural model in transonic speed is completed. Results show that the small elastic deformation of the structure can greatly affect the FSI. The FSI vibration tests are carried out in a transonic speed windtunnel for checking numerical theory and algorithms, and the wind-tunnel test results well accord with that of the numerical simulation. This indicates that the presented numerical method can be applied to predicting the structural dynamics responses when containing the FSI.     

基于虚拟现实(VR)的飞机部件装配工艺技术研究与应用

针对飞机部件装配产品批量小、型号多、装配工序复杂、精度要求高等问题,开展了基于VR的虚拟装配技术研究。产品在制造生产前,工艺人员在虚拟环境下规划产品的装配顺序和路径、选择工装夹具和操作方法,验证装配工艺设计的合理性,及时发现工艺中存在的各种设计缺陷、结构干涉等问题,直观科学地分析装配对象的可操作性、可视性、可达性,根据虚拟仿真模拟,修改和优化工艺方法、工装结构及生产线布局等,最终生成科学合理的产品装配工艺方案,缩短装配周期、降低装配成本、提高部件装配质量。     

Testability integrated evaluation method based on testability virtual test data

Testability virtual test is a new test method for testability verification, which has the advantages such as low cost, few restrictions and large sample of test data. It can be used to make up the deficiency of testability physical test. In order to take the advantage of testability virtual test data effectively and to improve the accuracy of testability evaluation, a testability integrated eval- uation method is proposed in this paper based on testability virtual test data. Considering the char- acteristic of testability virtual test data, the credibility analysis method for testability virtual test data is studied firstly. Then the integrated calculation method is proposed fusing the testability vir- tual and physical test data. Finally, certain helicopter heading and attitude system is presented to demonstrate the proposed method. The results show that the testability integrated evaluation method is feasible and effective.     

虚拟现实技术在军事上的应用

虚拟现实技术汇集了计算机图形学、多媒体技术、人工智能、人机接口技术、计算机仿真技术、传感器技术、计算机视觉和人的行为学研究等多项关键技术,是一门基于多种学科发展起来的计算机领域的高新技术。本文主要介绍了虚拟现实技术在军事领域的应用以及真三维立体显示技术,表明基于虚拟现实技术的军事仿真训练系统在飞行训练、海军潜艇训练、立体三维坦克作战指挥系统、立体三维直升机训练系统、立体三维海军作战指挥系统、立体三维实战演示系统等领域具有非常广阔的应用前景。     

直升机工程模拟器研究与应用

飞行仿真技术被广泛用于飞行器的方案论证、设计分析、试验评估、维护和训练。飞行模拟器是典型的人在回路实时仿真系统,工程模拟器是用于工程研究的飞行模拟器。本文叙述了直升机飞行仿真技术的发展概况,介绍了直升机工程模拟器研制、应用情况及关键技术。     

飞机维护虚拟样机技术研究与实现

分析了飞机设计中虚拟样机与数字样机技术的区别和联系,提出了基于虚拟样机工程生命周期管理P3R模型的虚拟样机仿真支撑平台体系结构,从虚拟样机维护视图的角度,阐述了飞机维护虚拟样机的概念,描述了以Windchill为基础设施构建的虚拟样机协同工作支撑平台和维护虚拟样机仿真定义与评估工具的功能和计算机实现,重点讨论了飞机虚拟样机维护过程的定义方法。     

直升机结构设计的三维虚拟装配技术应用分析

虚拟现实技术通常被认为是三维计算机图形学在先进的输入和输出设备支持下的一种自然延生和增强。这项技术最近已发展成熟足以可保证应用于实际工程中。这项新技术和工程、设计及制造的软件系统的集成将对计算机辅助工程领域起着新的推动作用。深受虚拟现实技术影响的设计和制造领域中的一个重要方面就是装配设计。本文着重介绍此项技术概念以及如何运用到直升机结构装配设计中,及如何产生一个虚拟装配设计环境。     

失重状态下旋转陀螺交互操作的仿真研究

针对在地面难以使用实物进行空间操作任务训练的问题,提出了一种基于人机交互和物理引擎技术的交互操作虚拟仿真方法,并实现了失重状态下旋转陀螺的虚拟操作训练。实现中首先建立航天员和陀螺的三维图形模型和用于碰撞检测的物理模型,并采用虚拟现实设备数据手套和位置跟踪仪实时跟踪获取受训人体的实时运动数据,用于交互控制虚拟航天员的运动,最终通过物理引擎及仿真算法计算失重状态下旋转陀螺的运动状态。结果显示,该方法较好地解决了旋转陀螺定轴特性仿真问题,能够满足虚拟训练的实时性和有效性要求。     

复杂低空救援飞行模糊综合评价模型

为系统掌握复杂低空救援飞行状况,采用模糊综合评价方法,综合考虑救援效率、救援效益、飞行安全、技术手段、运行环境、流程规范等影响低空救援飞行的主要因素,构建评价指标体系,采用层次分析法确定指标权重,建立复杂低空救援飞行综合评价模型。以某典型低空救援飞行为例进行仿真实验,验证了模型的有效性。     

应用轨迹优化策略的直升机任务科目基元仿真

任务科目基元的飞行试验是ADS-33E-PRF对直升机飞行品质的判定标准。针对直升机设计过程中飞行品质难以事先评定的特点,提出了一种基于轨迹优化策略的直升机任务科目基元数值仿真方法。该方法将飞行品质规范对直升机位置、姿态和速度的限制处理为状态量的边界约束,以完成任务科目基元的时间为目标函数,结合直升机自身的性能和安全性约束,建立了针对任务科目基元的直升机轨迹优化模型。求解该模型得到直升机完成相应任务科目基元所用的时间,便可定性判断直升机飞行品质是否满足ADS-33E-PRF对这一任务科目基元的要求,从而在设计之初对优化直升机总体设计参数提供参考。对某型直升机悬停转弯机动科目进行仿真计算,验证了该方法的正确性和有效性。     

直升机综合性能发展态势估算方法

本文提出用首飞期描述直升机综合性能的思想，给出其性能综合评价及发展态势估算方法和模型，运用实际样本资料给出算例，为时序多属性高技术产品性能综合评价及发展态势估算提供思路。     

面向机组工作量审定的民用飞机人机交互适航验证场景设计

设计有效的民用飞机人机交互适航验证场景是实施机组工作量审定的基础。依据中国民航规章CCAR-25 部1523 条款和附录D 适航验证性要求,通过对运输类飞机机组工作量适航验证条款的解读,建立工作量审定人机交互适航内容及验证流程;确立机组工作量审定民用飞机人机交互适航场景设计原则,分别从测试机组、运行过程、运行环境以及运...