Time-varying linear control for tiltrotor aircraft

Tiltrotor aircraft have three flight modes: helicopter mode, airplane mode, and transition mode. A tiltrotor has characteristics of highly nonlinear, time-varying flight dynamics and inertial/control couplings in its transition mode. It can transit from the helicopter mode to the airplane mode by tilting its nacelles, and an effective controller is crucial to accomplish tilting transition missions. Longitudinal dynamic characteristics of the tiltrotor are described by a nonlinear Lagrange-form model, which takes into account inertial/control couplings and aerodynamic interferences. Reference commands for airspeed velocity and attitude in the transition mode are calculated dynamically by visiting a command library which is founded in advance by analyzing the flight envelope of the tiltrotor. A Time-Varying Linear (TVL) model is obtained using a Taylor-expansion based online linearization technique from the nonlinear model. Subsequently, based on an optimal control concept, an online optimization based control method with input constraints considered is proposed. To validate the proposed control method, three typical tilting transition missions are simulated using the nonlinear model of XV-15 tiltrotor aircraft. Simulation results show that the controller can be used to control the tiltrotor throughout its operating envelop which includes a transition flight, and can also deal with vertical gust disturbances.     

一种改进的巡飞弹侧向运动解耦设计

针对巡飞弹侧向平面内诸多不对称因素带来的航向通道和滚转通道强耦合这一特点,研究了巡飞弹侧向运动的耦合特性和解耦控制问题.由于传统的静态补偿器设计模型计算量大、适用性有限,为此提出了静态上三角形式补偿器的一般模型,该模型采用逆奈奎斯特阵列法,保留了巡飞弹侧向通道传递函数矩阵第二行的行优势性,然后具体针对格氏圆圆心密集区域...     

涡喷发动机多变量自适应加速控制

提出了一种模型参考自适应控制方法, 并应用于双转子涡喷发动机多变量控制系统。仿真研究表明, 该方法在整个飞行包线内均有满意的瞬态响应, 对非线性的建模不确定性具有较好的鲁棒性, 以及对多变量系统中较强的耦合作用有较好的解耦效果。与传统的调节器相比, 发动机加速时间约减少16%, 加速过程中发动机推力明显增加, 平衡状态仍可提高约9%。      

基于隐模型跟踪的倾转旋翼机飞行控制

针对倾转旋翼机过渡阶段的强耦合性和快时变性,基于隐模型跟踪法设计了过渡阶段的自主飞行控制律。首先,考虑短舱和旋翼相对机身运动带来的额外惯性力,建立了倾转旋翼机的多体动力学模型;然后,通过飞行动力学特性分析发现倾转旋翼机过渡阶段具有强耦合性和快时变性;最后,针对强耦合性使用隐模型跟踪法实现了固定倾转角时的解耦控制,针对快时变性使用插值调用控制参数的方法实现了倾转旋翼机在整个过渡阶段的连续控制。仿真结果表明,隐模型跟踪控制系统能够达到良好的速度和轨迹跟踪效果,可以实现倾转旋翼机在过渡阶段的自主飞行仿真。     

无人机非方阵系统解耦控制

针对无人机(UAV)盘旋侦察飞行过程中,横侧向运动为非方阵多变量系统,且存在强耦合作用的问题。提出了一种新型的解耦方法。首先建立无人机横侧向非方阵系统模型,并采用内环反馈方法对模型进行了方阵化,然后基于一种最优化的逆乃奎斯特阵列法,提出了扩展INA法迭代公式,用于无人机非方阵系统的动态解耦补偿器求解。仿真结果表明:补偿后无人机偏航、滚转通道间的耦合效应明显降低;且设计方法物理概念清晰,易于工程实现。     

An LMI-based decoupling control for electromagnetic formation flight

Electromagnetic formation flight(EMFF) leverages electromagnetic force to control the relative position of satellites. EMFF offers a promising alternative to traditional propellant-based spacecraft flight formation. This novel strategy is very attractive since it does not consume fuel. Due to the highly coupled nonlinearity of electromagnetic force, it is difficult to individually design a controller for one satellite without considering others, which poses challenges to communications.This paper is devoted to decoupling control of EMFF, including regulations, constraints and controller design. A learning-based adaptive sliding mode decoupling controller is analyzed to illustrate the problem of existing results, and input rate saturation is introduced to guarantee the validity of frequency division technique. Through transformation, the imposed input rate saturation is converted to state and input constraints. A linear matrix inequalities(LMI)-based robust optimal control method can then be used and improved to solve the transformed problem. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed decoupling control.     

基于逆控制和模糊逻辑的直升机飞控系统设计

提出了一种基于模型的逆控制技术与基于规则的模糊控制技术相结合的直升机飞控系统设计方法，以解决当直升机数学模型不确定时飞控系统的设计问题，并设计了相应的逆控制器及模糊控制器。仿真结果表明，所设计的飞控系统具有良好的动态响应、较强的鲁棒性及满意的解耦效果，在直升机飞行控制系统的设计中有一定应用价值。     

滚转弹两框架导引头的前馈补偿技术

针对弹体滚转情况下两框架平台式导引头的伺服控制问题,基于导引头运动学和动力学,建立了导引头稳定回路模型。结合弹体滚转条件下的导引头输入指令和输出视线角速率关系,构建了视线闭环回路。针对偏航、俯仰通道间的解耦控制问题,推导出解耦条件,要求两通道由失调角到光轴转动角速度的传递函数相同。仿真分析了该模型在视线角输入以及弹体姿态扰动输入时,弹体滚转对导引头跟踪精度产生的影响,并由此提出了滚转角速度前馈补偿控制方案。结果表明,采用结合滚转角前馈补偿控制的两框架平台式导引头方案可以满足滚转弹的制导精度要求。     

飞行轨迹指令综合跟踪控制器设计

运用多重尺度奇异摄动理论,结合动态逆解耦理论和动态平衡点邻区域优化线性化系统的优化解耦控制律理论,研究了战术任务综合飞行管理系统的综合飞行轨迹指令跟踪控制器系统化设计方法。对F-15飞机,设计了综合飞行轨迹跟踪控制器。数字仿真结果表明,设计的跟踪控制器能够控制飞机精确跟踪不同时标集的飞行指令。     

一种基于飞机总能量控制飞行速度/航迹的解耦控制系统设计新方法

在分析总能量控制理论的基础上,提出一种简单实用的飞机飞行速度/航迹解耦控制器设计方法,它以飞机能量控制和能量分配为内核,通过选择合适的误差反馈,采用工程上常用的试凑法,即可获得理想的解耦控制效果。以某型飞机为对象,以飞行速度/高度的解耦控制为例,验证了该方法的有效性。     

Fast level-flight to hover mode transition and altitude control in tiltrotor’s landing operation

An attempt is made to implement a faster level-flight to hover mode transition in tiltrotor’s landing process for the purpose of shortening its landing time. A three-stage tiltrotor landing maneuver is designed, and corresponding control modules and algorithms are created based on the analysis of the flight dynamics and the required actions of tiltrotor’s landing operation. As the altitude control is vital for tiltrotor’s near-ground landing, an Extended State Observer (ESO) control module of the Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) is designed to reduce altitude fluctuations in the fast mode transition, which makes the designed maneuver workable at very low altitudes. Simulations are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the designed maneuver and the validity of ESO control in various flight conditions. Flight test results that finally prove the effectiveness of the desired fast transition maneuver are reported.     

A New Hybrid Control Scheme for an Integrated Helicopter and Engine System

A new hybrid control scheme is presented with a robust multiple model fusion control(RMMFC) law for a UH-60 helicopter and an active disturbance rejection control(ADRC) controller for its engines.This scheme is a control design method with every subsystem designed separately but fully considering the couplings between them.With three subspaces with respect to forward flight velocity,a RMMFC is proposed to devise a four-loop reference signal tracing control for the helicopter,which escapes the closed-loop system from unstable state due to the extreme complexity of this integrated nonlinear system.The engines are controlled by the proposed ADRC decoupling controller,which fully takes advantage of a good compensation ability for unmodeled dynamics and extra disturbances,so as to compensate torque disturbance in power turbine speed loop.By simulating a forward acceleration flight task,the RMMFC for the helicopter is validated.It is apparent that the integrated helicopter and engine system(IHES) has much better dynamic performance under the new control scheme.Especially in the switching process,the large transient is significantly weakened,and smooth transition among candidate controllers is achieved.Over the entire simulation task,the droop of power turbine speed with the proposed ADRC controller is significantly slighter than with the conventional PID controller,and the response time of the former is much faster than the latter.By simulating a rapid climb and descent flight task,the results also show the feasibility for the application of the proposed multiple model fusion control.Although there is aggressive power demand in this maneuver,the droop of power turbine speed with an ADRC controller is smaller than using a PID controller.The control performance for helicopter and engine is enhanced by adopting this hybrid control scheme,and simulation results in other envelope state give proofs of robustness for this new scheme.     

自适应滑模容错跟踪飞行控制律的设计

当飞行控制系统操纵面发生卡死或控制效率损伤故障时,采用自适应滑模控制方法进行容错跟踪飞行控制律的设计。采用单位向量法进行滑模控制器的设计,利用李雅普诺夫理论和Barbalat引理设计自适应滑模调节规律,同时能够保证闭环系统的渐近稳定性。利用某型飞机线性化模型进行仿真,结果表明,带有自适应调节规律的滑模控制方法不仅适合于正常情况下飞行控制律的设计,而且对操纵面损伤和卡死故障情况具有较强的适应能力,具有很好的跟踪控制效果和强鲁棒性。     

高超声速飞行器自适应反步控制器设计

针对含有不确定干扰项的吸气式高超声速飞行器模型,分别设计了基于反馈线性化的速度控制器和基于反步法的航迹控制器,以实现对速度和航迹角参考信号的稳定跟踪。通过指令滤波器得到俯仰角的实际跟踪指令及其一阶、二阶微分信号,可直接设计升降舵控制指令,在解决了虚拟控制量求导"复杂性爆炸"问题的同时,减少了反推计算步数,从而达到提高系统动态性能和优化控制器结构的目的。基于LaSalle不变集原理和Lyapunov理论设计的自适应更新律保证了系统的稳定性。仿真结果表明,所设计的控制器在飞行器存在不确定干扰的情况下仍能满足对参考信号跟踪性能的要求。     

飞机直接力动态解耦模糊控制系统设计

将模糊控制方法与动态逆方法相结合,构成了一种动态解耦模糊控制综合方法.用该综合方法对某型飞机的侧向直接力控制模态(航向指向)进行了分析与设计,并将其与动态逆方法进行了比较.结果表明,所设计的模糊控制系统不仅能够实现动态解耦控制,获得良好的动态性能,而且对模型不够准确或系统内部参数发生变化具有较强的适应性.     

Novel roll effector based on zero-mass-flux dual synthetic jets and its flight test

The autonomous and controllable Dual Synthetic Jet Actuator (DSJA) is firstly integrated into the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), and flight tests without the deflection of rudders are carried out to verify the viability of DSJA to control the attitudes of UAV during cruising. DSJA is improved into an actuator with two diaphragms and three cavities, which has higher energy levels. Actuators, differentially distributed on both sides of the wings, are installed on the trailing edge close to the wing tips. Flight tests, containing Differential Circulation Control (DCC) using double-side actuators, Positive Circulation Control (PCC) using left-side actuators and Negative Circulation Control (NCC) using right-side actuators, are implemented at cruising speed of 25 m/s. Results show that roll attitude control without rudders could be realized by DSJAs. DCC and NCC can generate the rightward roll and yaw angular velocity, prompting UAV to turn right. The stronger controlling ability can be achieved by DCC, with the maximum roll angular velocity of 15.62 (°)/s. PCC can generate a rightward roll moment, but a leftward yaw moment will be produced at the same time. Leftward yaw induces the leftward rolling moment, which weakens the roll control effect, making UAV keep to yaw to the left with a small slope.     

Three-axis coupled flight control law design for flying wing aircraft using eigenstructure assignment method

Due to elimination of horizontal and vertical tails, flying wing aircraft has poor longitudinal and directional dynamic characteristics. In addition, flying wing aircraft uses drag rudders for yaw control, which tends to generate strong three-axis control coupling. To overcome these problems, a flight control law design method that couples the longitudinal axis with the lateral-directional axes is proposed. First, the three-axis coupled control augmentation structure is specified. In the structure, a “soft/hard” cross-connection method is developed for three-axis dynamic decoupling and longitudinal control response decoupling from the drag rudders; maneuvering turn angular rate estimation and subtraction are used in the yaw axis to improve the directional damping. Besides, feedforward control is adopted to improve the maneuverability and control decoupling performance. Then, detailed design methods for feedback and feedforward control parameters are established using eigenstructure assignment and model following technique. Finally, the proposed design method is evaluated and compared with conventional method by numeric simulations. The influences of control derivatives variation of drag rudders on the method are also analyzed. It is demonstrated that the method can effectively improve the dynamic characteristics of flying wing aircraft, especially the directional damping characteristics, and decouple the longitudinal responses from the drag rudders.     

直升机结构响应自适应控制研究

研究了基于自适应滤波技术、采用伺服惯性力发生器（SIFG）的直升机结构响应主动控制;比较了被动动力吸振器和SIFG的减振效果。研究表明,SIFG在直升机前飞速度和旋翼转速及前飞速度改变的情况下均能保持良好的减振效果。     

战斗机超机动飞行自抗扰控制器设计

提出了一种利用自抗扰控制器算法在大包线范围内设计超机动飞行控制系统的新方法。根据奇异摄动理论和自抗扰控制器能够动态补偿系统模型扰动和外扰的特性,在超机动飞行的快慢子回路中分别引入自抗扰控制器,实现了快变量和慢变量的动态解耦控制。控制律设计直接依据超机动飞行的强耦合、强非线性模型,在很大的包线范围内不需要改变控制器的结构和参数,大大简化了设计过程。大包线范围内的大迎角机动仿真结果表明,系统具有良好的动态和稳态性能,控制器具有很强的鲁棒性,为解决大包线范围内的超机动飞行控制问题提供了一种新的途径。     

一拍跟踪的直升机显模型跟踪解耦控制系统设计

针对直升机动力学表现出的高阶,强耦合的特点,本文基于一拍跟踪的原理,设计了显模型跟踪解耦控制系统,开发了控制阵,为提高系统动态和稳态性能,对系统参数进行了优化,数字仿真表明,模型跟踪解耦性能良好,同时可以迅速改变显模型,以达到改变操纵特性的目的,文章最后对如何选取采样周期及显模型带宽进行了讨论。