飞机单一产品数据源集成模型研究

根据对飞机产品构型及复杂历史状态的研究,给出了飞机产品单一产品数据源基本特点。设计了基于主/子模型集成的集成方法,并根据集合论关系原理,分析了单一产品数据源数据组织的约束关系。采用实体建模方法设计了数据库系统,并给出了满足状态管理要求的更改规则。根据集成模型开发了单一产品数据源原型系统,集成了工程数据及装配工艺数据,实现了由构型变化驱动的数据有效性传递,并支持了装配生产现场的无纸化操作和检验。     

Trajectory Planning Algorithm Based on Quaternion for 6-DOF Aircraft Wing Automatic Position and Pose Adjustment Method

 A 6-degree of freedom (6-DOF) aircraft wing position and pose automatic adjustment method is presented to improve ARJ21 wing-fuselage connection precision and efficiency. Wing position and pose are adjusted by three pillars which are driven by six high-precision servo motors. During the adjustment process, wing is tracked and positioned by laser tracker. Wing initial posi-tion and pose are calibrated by using the measurement coordinates of assembly reference points. Wing target position and pose are calculated according to wing initial, fuselage position and pose, and relative position and pose requirements between wing and fuselage for the connection. Combining Newton-Euler method with quaternion position and pose analyzing method, the inverse kinematics of servo motors, together with the adjustment system dynamics is obtained. Wing quintic polynomial trajec-tory planning algorithm based on quaternion is proposed; the initial, target position and pose need to be solved and the inter-mediate moving path is uncertain. Simulation results show that the adjustment method has good dynamic characteristics and satisfies engineering requirements. Preliminary engineering application indicates that ARJ21 wing adjustment efficiency and precision are improved by using the proposed method.     

An optimal method of posture adjustment in aircraft fuselage joining assembly with engineering constraints

Posture of an aircraft fuselage can be evaluated based on the coordinate values of measure points fixed on the aircraft fuselage in aircraft final assembly. Posture adjustment is carried out by rotation and translation of the aircraft fuselage to make sure that the actual coordinate values of the measure points are coincided with the theoretical ones read from the computer aided design(CAD) model. The point registration method of posture adjustment without considering engineering constraints may cause out-of-tolerance for some engineering constraints. Hence, engineering constraints such as plane symmetry of two points, as well as coplanar and collinear of the multipoint should be considered in the new optimal method of posture adjustment in aircraft fuselage joining assembly. Based on the point registration model, a multi-objective optimization model of posture adjustment considering engineering constraints including collinear, coplanar, and symmetry constraints is established and represented by a uniform vector function. The weights of constraint conditions can be set freely in the optimization model to reflect the importance of the corresponding constraints in aircraft fuselage joining assembly. The rotation and translation parameters of posture adjustment are obtained by the proposed multi-objective optimization algorithm based on the Gauss-Newton method. Results of an example of aircraft fuselage joining assembly show that constraint errors of posture adjustment obtained by the multi-objective optimization model are not out of tolerance for design constraint errors and satisfy the requirement of aircraft fuselage joining assembly.     

非合作慢旋目标即时状态位姿确定

对失效卫星等非合作慢旋目标进行在轨服务，需要精确测量追踪航天器与目标之间的姿态信息。因此，如何在复杂的光照条件下快速、准确地对非合作慢旋目标进行即时状态位姿确定具有一定的挑战性。应用ORB-SLAM技术，首先定位关键帧，并估计姿态。然后用当前帧的特征点与地图点对应的特征点进行匹配。最后，将完成匹配的特征点通过重投影确定其在地图中的位置，如果出现跟踪丢失，则根据已有的地图点估计姿态。实验结果表明：在复杂的光照条件下，分别对以10(°)/s角速度运动和以3(°)/s角速度运动的非合作目标进行测量，当测量稳定后，平均角速度误差约为0.1(°)/s和0.02(°)/s，可以满足工程上空间非合作目标相对姿态测量的精度要求。     

圆弧预测变系数显式拦截中制导

为了满足临近空间机动目标拦截中制导预测和多约束要求,设计了一种基于圆弧预测的变系数显式拦截中制导方法。首先针对临近空间目标滑翔段飞行特性,提出了基于圆弧的几何目标预测方法,将目标机动轨迹近似为圆弧,通过多个间隔时刻的目标位置确定圆弧参数,依据圆弧预测轨迹估计剩余飞行时间,并以当前速度递推预测拦截点状态,进而推导了三维角约束显式制导律。在此基础上,通过在性能指标中构建动压权重函数,以飞行动压近似可用过载变化,设计了变系数显式制导律,实现了制导增益的自适应更新,从而可以使得需用过载在飞行全程中合理分配,满足可用过载约束。最后结合圆弧预测和变系数显式制导,实现了对机动目标的预测拦截。仿真结果表明所提方法具有较好的目标预测精度,而且可以满足终端交会角以及可用过载约束。     

基于视觉的大尺度部件相对位姿实时测量方法研究

相对位姿是装配过程中的一项重要监控项。针对大尺度部件对接过程中的相对位姿测量需求,提出了一种基于视觉的相对位姿实时测量方法。该方法利用单目视觉技术,通过采集合作靶标的图像,实时解算大部段间的相对位姿,用于辅助大尺度部件的装配。首先,设计了一套相对位姿实时测量系统,包括搭载单目相机的视觉测量单元,以及用于辅助位姿解算的合作靶标;其次,对相对位姿测量的完整流程进行了研究,包含系统标定方法与实时位姿解算方法;最后,在实验室环境下对位姿测量系统的精度进行测试。试验结果表明,位姿测量系统在垂直于光轴方向的重复精度可达0.02mm,沿光轴方向重复精度优于0.2mm,输出位姿结果时间低于0.3s;对多测量单元组网测量进行了仿真计算,垂直于光轴方向的重复精度优于0.1mm,沿光轴方向重复精度优于0.2mm,输出位姿结果时间优于1.3s。试验结果表明,提出的方法可满足一般大尺度部件对接过程实时位姿监控与对接状态评估的需求。     

失效卫星远距离相对位姿估计与优化方法

针对远距离非合作慢旋目标位姿估计精度问题,提出一种融合图像超分辨与视觉SLAM的相对位姿估计方法。算法主要包含3个步骤：通过梯度引导生成式对抗超分辨技术,提升目标图像的质量以获取更多更高质量的特征点;构建特征数据库实现当前帧与特征数据库的匹配,提升旋转目标的特征跟踪稳定性;利用图优化对多帧图像进行联合位姿优化,消除累计误差,得到更为精确的估计结果。为稳定网络的训练,将自然进化算法引入到对抗训练中。为增强模型的泛化性和鲁棒性,实验中的数据集采用半物理仿真获得。实验结果表明,当等效距离为25 m且失效卫星以25（°）/s的速度旋转时,目标图像经超分辨网络增强后,能够实现连续稳定的长时间测量。     

多指标约束下考虑报废的可修复备件携行方案优化

针对任务期间普遍存在的故障件报废和备件多指标约束问题,提出了多层级装备的可用度近似评估方法及携行备件方案优化方法。首先通过忽略维修时间将考虑报废率的多层级可修件转化为单层级消耗件,进而利用伽马分布的可加性建立装备可用度评估模型。在此基础上以装备可用度、备件总质量为约束指标,以备件总体积最低为目标构建多约束备件优化模型。模型求解过程中引入拉格朗日因子,并采用边际算法对约束因子进行动态调整。算例中通过与仿真结果的对比、分析得出：当维修时间取值在部件等效平均寿命的一半以内时,提出的近似方法合理可行,平均误差小于5%。     

A heuristic cabin-type component alignment method based on multi-source data fusion

In cabin-type component alignment, digital measurement technology is usually adopted to provide guidance for assembly. Depending on the system of measurement, the alignment process can be divided into measurement-assisted assembly (MAA) and force-driven assembly. In MAA, relative pose between components is directly measured to guide assembly, while in force-driven assembly, only contact state can be recognized according to measured six-dimensional force and torque (6D F/T) and the process is completed based on preset assembly strategy. Aiming to improve the efficiency of force-driven cabin-type component alignment, this paper proposed a heuristic alignment method based on multi-source data fusion. In this method, measured 6D F/T, pose data and geometric information of components are fused to calculate the relative pose between components and guide the movement of pose adjustment platform. Among these data types, pose data and measured 6D F/T are combined as data set. To collect the data sets needed for data fusion, dynamic gravity compensation method and hybrid motion control method are designed. Then the relative pose calculation method is elaborated, which transforms collected data sets into discrete geometric elements and calculates the relative poses based on the geometric information of components. Finally, experiments are conducted in simulation environment and the results show that the proposed alignment method is feasible and effective.     

Multi-view space object recognition and pose estimation based on kernel regression

The application of high-performance imaging sensors in space-based space surveillance systems makes it possible to recognize space objects and estimate their poses using vision-based methods. In this paper, we proposed a kernel regression-based method for joint multi-view space object recognition and pose estimation. We built a new simulated satellite image dataset named BUAA-SID 1.5 to test our method using different image representations. We evaluated our method for recognition-only tasks, pose estimation-only tasks, and joint recognition and pose estimation tasks. Experimental results show that our method outperforms the state-of-the-arts in space object recognition, and can recognize space objects and estimate their poses effectively and robustly against noise and lighting conditions.     

Three-line structured light vision system for non-cooperative satellites in proximity operations

Adapter ring is a commonly used component in non-cooperative satellites, which has high strength and is suitable to be recognized and grasped by the space manipulator. During proximity operations, this circle feature may be occluded by the robot arm or limited field of view. Moreover, the captured images may be underexposed when there is not enough illumination. To address these problems, this paper presents a structured light vision system with three line lasers and a monocular camera. The lasers project lines onto the surface of the satellite, and six break points are formed along both sides of the adapter ring. A closed-form solution for real-time pose estimation is given using these break points. Then, a virtual structured light platform is constructed to simulate synthetic images of the target satellite. Compared with the predefined camera parameters and relative positions, the proposed method is demonstrated to be more effective, especially at a close distance. Besides, a physical space verification system is set up to prove the effectiveness and robustness of our method under different light conditions. Experimental results indicate that it is a practical and effective method for the pose measurement of on-orbit tasks.     

BUILDING A UNIFIED PRODUCT MODEL WITH COMPLEX METHOD

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基于知识图谱的装配语义信息建模

针对总成产品的装配数据通常分散于CAD模型与装配工艺文档中,因而不同类型的装配语义信息由于异构性无法相互关联的问题,基于知识图谱提出一种面向装配语义信息的建模方法,结合传统的数据映射与人工智能中的自然语言处理技术,实现了CAD模型的几何信息与装配工艺文档中工艺过程信息的智能集成.首先阐述了不同层次的语义特征在基于知识图...     

Remote-controlled flexible pose measurement system and method for a moving target in wind tunnel

The measurement of position and attitude parameters for the isolated target from a high-speed aircraft is a great challenge in the field of wind tunnel simulation technology. This paper proposes a remote-controlled flexible pose measurement system in wind tunnel conditions for the separation of a target from an aircraft. The position and attitude parameters of a moving object are obtained by utilizing a single camera with a focal length and camera orientation that can be changed based on different measurement conditions. Using this proposed system and method, both the flexibility and efficiency of the pose measurement system can be enhanced in wind tunnel conditions to meet the measurement requirements of different objects and experiments, which is also useful for the development of an intelligent position and attitude measurement system. The position and the focal length of the camera also can be controlled remotely during measurements to enlarge both the vertical and horizontal measurement range of this system. Experiments are conducted in the laboratory to measure the position and attitude of moving objects with high flexibility and efficiency, and the measurement precision of the measurement system is also verified through experiments.     

用复形方法建立统一的产品模型——关于下一代造型系统的研究

讨论了用复形方法建立统一的产品模型 ,给出非流形的一个严格的数学定义 ,将代数拓扑中的单纯复形的概念和方法引入到非流形中。给出一种新的非流形的 B- REP——粘合边结构 ,并且在其上建立了一些基本操作和高级操作 ,讨论的模型具有严格的数学基础、灵活、易扩充 ,能容纳悬边、悬点、悬面。此模型的这些优点 ,使工程中的各种约束 ,如参数化、优化方法、人工智能等能够加入到系统中 ,此模型可能成为下一代 CAD系统——智能 CAD系统 ( INTELLI-GENT CAD)的几何模型的核心     

MC-LRF based pose measurement system for shipborne aircraft automatic landing

Due to the portability and anti-interference ability, vision-based shipborne aircraft automatic landing systems have attracted the attention of researchers. In this paper, a Monocular Camera and Laser Range Finder (MC-LRF)-based pose measurement system is designed for shipborne aircraft automatic landing. First, the system represents the target ship using a set of sparse landmarks, and a two-stage model is adopted to detect landmarks on the target ship. The rough 6D pose is measured by solving a Perspective-n-Point problem. Then, once the rough pose is measured, a region-based pose refinement is used to continuously track the 6D pose in the subsequent image sequences. To address the low accuracy of monocular pose measurement in the depth direction, the designed system adopts a laser range finder to obtain an accurate range value. The measured rough pose is iteratively optimized using the accurate range measurement. Experimental results on synthetic and real images show that the system achieves robust and precise pose measurement of the target ship during automatic landing. The measurement means error is within 0.4° in rotation, and 0.2% in translation, meeting the requirements for automatic fixed-wing aircraft landing.Received 5 July 2022; revised 19 August 2022; accepted 27 September 2022.     

大展弦比机翼总体刚度的气动弹性优化设计

针对大展弦比机翼总体刚度设计问题,提出了梁架模型气动弹性优化和三维优化模型折算两种设计方法,并以大展弦比机翼为例对两种方法的合理性进行了验证.前者基于机翼梁架式模型,利用气动弹性优化方法对其主梁刚度进行设计,其特点是建模简单、计算效率较高,可以在设计信息较少的概念和初步设计阶段使用,但由于约束条件考虑较少,设计结果相对...     

低照度小样本限制下的失效卫星相对位姿估计与优化

低照度图像信息受损严重,会导致失效卫星的位姿估计精度和鲁棒性降低。基于此,提出了无监督生成式对抗网络低照度图像增强模型。生成器以U-Net网络为基础,并设计密集残差连接结构。判别器设计为全局-局部的双辨别器结构,由传统的单一标量扩展为多标量判别。在小样本的条件下,基于进化训练与并行训练方式改进基于SinGAN的数据增广方法。最后,在基于ORB-SLAM位姿初始化的基础上,建立特征信息的局部地图,克服位姿估计对参考帧的依赖;通过关键帧ROI的稠密匹配,建立关于平面法向量和单目相机安装高度的非线性优化模型求解尺度因子;通过闭环检测后的相似性变换,构建关键帧集合的联合位姿图优化方程,实现对位姿矩阵的全局校正。实验结果表明：测量稳定后,低照度图像的姿态角误差最大值为4°,而图像增强后的姿态角误差最大为0.5°;对于以角速度20°/s运动的失效卫星旋转5周,相对静止下的跟踪测量为5周,1 m水平方向机动下的跟踪测量为4.5周。可以满足失效卫星相对姿态测量的任务需求。     

垂直起降重复使用运载器返回制导与控制

针对垂直起降可重复使用运载器返回全程非线性、高动态、强扰动、多约束条件下的精确着陆问题,开展适应各飞行段任务特性和需求的返回全程制导控制方法研究。首先分析返回全剖面各飞行段的特点及对制导控制的需求,建立了动力学模型;然后基于经典制导控制方法给出可行的返回全程制导控制方案,并针对其不足分别设计修航段基于剩余时间估计和几何关系目标点自适应更新的双层迭代制导、返回末段多约束自适应制导和返回全程自抗扰控制器,构建了自适应强抗扰新型返回全程制导控制方案;最后进行了数学仿真,通过对比分析经典制导控制方案和新型制导控制方案在小偏差/扰动和大偏差/扰动两种条件下的飞行状态,验证了新型制导控制方案下更高的着陆精度、更强的适应性和抗扰性。