基于飞行数据的无人机平飞质量分析方法

利用无人机飞行数据管理记录系统记录的飞行实验数据,对无人机的平飞状态进行了分析。介绍了试验用无人机的结构及性能,概述了无人机飞行数据管理记录系统的功能、构成及记录的主要数据,对无人机平飞质量分析的主要内容及计算分析方法做了详细阐述,并对无人机平飞的高度、速度状态及横侧向误差进行计算分析,分析方法及结果可为无人机的训练、使用提供参考。     

State of art on energy management strategy for hybrid-powered unmanned aerial vehicle

New energy sources such as solar energy and hydrogen energy have been applied to the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV), which could be formed as the hybrid power sources due to the requirement of miniaturization, lightweight, and environmental protection issue for UAV. Hybrid electrical propulsion technology has been used in UAV and it further enforces this trend for the evolution to the Hybrid-Powered System(HPS). In order to realize long endurance flight mission and improve the energy efficiency of UAV, many researching works are focused on the Energy Management Strategy(EMS) of the HPS with digital simulation, ground demonstration platforms and a few flight tests for the UAV in recent years. energy management strategy, in which off-line or on-line control algorithms acted as the core part, could optimize dynamic electrical power distribution further and directly affect the efficiency and fuel economy of hybrid-powered system onboard.In order to give the guideline for this emerging technology for UAV, this paper presents a review of the topic highlighting energy optimal management strategies of UAV. The characteristics of typical new energy sources applied in UAV are summarized firstly, and then the classification and analysis of the architecture for hybrid power systems in UAV are presented. In the context of new energy sources and configuration of energy system, a comprehensive comparison and analysis for the state of art of EMS are presented, and the various levels of complexity and accuracy of EMS are considered in terms of real time, computational burden and optimization performance based on the optimal control and operational modes of UAV. Finally, the tendency and challenges of energy management strategy applied to the UAV have been forecasted.     

某型联翼布局无人机的气动计算与分析

与常规布局飞机相比,联翼布局飞机具有结构重量轻、抗弯扭强度大、诱导阻力低、升力系数大和稳定性好等优点。介绍一种高效的数值模拟方法,完成对某型联翼布局无人机气动特性的初步计算与分析。基于商业软件ANSYS,整个研究过程着重于从网格建模、全机流场模拟、气动模拟数据分析三个方面,探索该型无人机纵向、横向和航向的气动特性以及主操纵面的操纵效率,实现对该型无人机稳定性和操纵性能的表征与评估。结果表明:无人机升降舵偏角的变化不影响无人机的握杆静稳定度,并且在0°~25°的升降舵偏角(下偏)范围内,升降舵偏角与升降舵的升力系数基本呈线性变化;在-4°~12°的迎角范围内,随着迎角的不断增大,该型无人机的横向静稳定性水平越大;两个垂直翼和垂尾是产生航向静稳定性的主要部件。     

无人机系统的安全性与危险源分析

无人机系统的战术性能及优势将使其在未来高技术战争和民用航空中发挥越来越重要的作用。然 而,由于有人机与无人机飞行事故的特点不同,使得有人机的安全性分析与管理措施不完全适用于无人机系 统。首先,对无人机系统的飞行事故进行统计分析,得出无人机系统事故的特点;然后,合理借鉴有人机的安全 性分析,定义无人机系统的安全性,提出无人机系统事故的严酷度等级划分及相应的危险可接受度;最后,从设 计、机组训练及使用操作三方面进行危险源分析。本文提出的无人机系统不安全事件发生可能性等级划分和 危险源定性分析,可为后续无人机安全管理框架的构建奠定基础。     

无人机飞行有效载荷计算与载荷平台研究

飞行载荷计算及载荷平台开发是无人机设计研发的重要步骤,准确的载荷计算能够确保机体结构承载与传力合理,实现无人机机体轻量化的设计目标。提出一种考虑惯性载荷的飞行载荷计算方法,基于流体网格计算单元对单元内飞行载荷算法进行研究,并根据该算法编写和开发无人机载荷平台,通过算例分析并结合部分数据进行验证。结果表明：本文提出的计算方法和载荷平台处理数据正确,开发的平台实用且已经成功运用于某型高速飞行器的设计过程。     

基于OCP的实时自适应资源管理技术研究

无人飞行器的自主飞行是一个非常复杂的过程,未来的先进无人飞行器要求能够对外界的环境扰动和突发事件做出迅速的反应,这就对资源的分配与任务的调度有了更高的要求,传统的技术手段已经不能适应先进无人飞行器的要求,本文从先进无人飞行器对QoS(Quality of service,服务质量)的要求出发,着重介绍了一种基于全新的OCP(Open Control P latform,开放式控制平台)的实时自适应资源管理技术,在介绍了一种Anytim e任务的调度方案之后,给出了下一步工作的重点。     

基于Stateflow的 无人机多模态控制转换逻辑设计

针对基于Simulink建立的无人机飞行管理系统存在逻辑复杂、全飞行状态航迹仿真建模繁琐等缺点,文章利用有限状态机建立无人机全状态、多种导航控制模态下的控制和逻辑切换流程,并结合飞行管理系统、飞行控制系统和无人机运动学模型建立无人机全状态仿真系统,通过仿真对飞行工作模式的切换效果进行了验证。     

Flight safety measurements of UAVs in congested airspace

Describing spatial safety status is crucial for high-density air traffic involving multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in a complex environment. A probabilistic approach is proposed to measure safety situation in congested airspace. The occupancy distribution of the airspace is represented with conflict probability between spatial positions and UAV. The concept of a safety envelope related to flight performance and response time is presented first instead of the conventional fixed-size protected zones around aircraft. Consequently, the conflict probability is performance-dependent, and effects of various UAVs on safety can be distinguished. The uncer-tainty of a UAV future position is explicitly accounted for as Brownian motion. An analytic approximate algorithm for the conflict probability is developed to decrease the computational consumption. The relationship between safety and flight performance are discussed for different response times and prediction intervals. To illustrate the applications of the approach, an experi-ment of three UAVs in formation flight is performed. In addition, an example of trajectory planning is simulated for one UAV flying over airspace where five UAVs exist. The validation of the approach shows its potential in guaranteeing flight safety in highly dynamic environment.     

基于改进A^*算法的无人机快速轨迹规划方法

针对旋翼无人机在三维障碍物环境中自主飞行时路径搜索速度慢、轨迹生成通常忽略无人机动力学特性的问题,发展一种基于改进A^*算法并同时考虑无人机动力学特性和运动学性能的快速轨迹规划方法。首先,在三维障碍物环境中运用改进A^*算法通过剔除部分网格节点降低A^*算法的节点计算量,提升算法的路径搜索速度;其次,以最小化飞行轨迹的四阶导数作为目标函数,以路径点处的位置、速度、加速度等各阶导数作为约束条件优化飞行轨迹;最后,在三维障碍物环境中对比A^*算法改进前后的路径搜索结果,并对优化的飞行轨迹进行仿真飞行测试。结果表明:改进A^*算法大幅降低了A^*算法的节点计算量,显著提升了路径搜索速度;且无人机能够始终以较小位置误差沿优化轨迹光滑连续飞行。     

太阳能/氢能无人机总体设计与能源管理策略研究

针对小型低空长航时电动无人机需求,给出了太阳能/氢能混合能源动力系统集成方案和小型低空长航时无人机构型。针对典型任务剖面,综合考虑太阳能电池和氢燃料电池特性,提出了一种考虑全机重量能量耦合关系的总体设计方法和任务剖面驱动的能源管理策略;建立了能源系统模型,给出了能源控制流程,开发了能源管理仿真平台。以1.5 kg任务载荷为例,完成了无人机总体方案设计,仿真分析了各种能源特性对飞行结果的影响。结果表明:能源管理策略能够根据任务剖面的要求合理配置能源系统的功率,满足各阶段的功率需求;无人机在冬至日航时为21 h、夏至日可实现跨昼夜飞行;在能源系统重量相同情况下,该混合能源无人机的航时分别是纯锂电池无人机和燃料电池无人机的5.5倍和1.2倍。     

UAVSAR: New NASA Airborne SAR System for Research

NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory is currently building a reconfigurable, polarimetric L-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR), specifically designed to acquire airborne repeat track SAR data for differential interferometric measurements. Differential interferometry can provide key deformation measurements, important for studies of earthquakes, volcanoes, and other dynamically changing phenomena. Using precision real-time GPS and a sensor controlled flight management system, the system will be able to fly pre-defined paths with great precision. The expected performance of the flight control system will constrain the flight path to be within a 10 m diameter tube about the desired flight track. The radar will be designed to be operable on a Unpiloted Arial Vehicle (UAV) but will initially be demonstrated on a NASA Gulfstream III. The radar will be fully polarimetric, with a range bandwidth of 80 MHz (2 m range resolution), and will support a 16 km range swath. The antenna will be electronically steered along track to assure that the antenna beam can be directed independently, regardless of the wind direction and speed. Other features supported by the antenna include elevation monopulse and pulse-to-pulse re-steering capabilities that will enable some novel modes of operation. The system will nominally operate at 45,000 feet (13,800 m). The program began as an Instrument Incubator Project (IIP) funded by NASA Earth Science and Technology Office (ESTO).     

无人机自动控制仿真系统研究与实现

航迹控制回路是无人机自动控制飞行中的重要环节,它涉及无人机的姿态、航向和飞行状态等重要参数的变化。根据飞行控制的基本控制律实现了无人机在复杂航迹条件下的安全飞行控制,模拟出无人机在自动控制下的航迹、盘旋和着陆等的飞行任务。采用面向对象方法设计了基于堆栈的通用化的航线管理类。并分析了无人机在手动操作切换到自动控制方式时寻找航迹点飞行中可能出现的问题,提出了相应的解决方案。     

基于 LSTM的飞控系统状态监控

监测飞控系统状态参数是保证无人机飞行安全的重要手段。针对无人机飞控系统的组成特点和飞行控制律,设计并构建了基于长短期记忆网络(Long Short Term Memory Network,LSTM)的飞控系统状态监控模型。首先,利用无人机历史飞参数据训练模型,建立输入飞参数据与状态参数的回归映射关系;然后,利用训练好的网络模型,实时预测飞控系统的状态参数,通过对比实测值与预测值之间的差异,实现飞控系统的状态监控。选取无人机飞参数据进行实验,基于 LSTM的算法比反向传播神经网络(BPNN)、支持向量机(SVM)预测精度高,MSE平均值分别低 0.01和 0.26,MAE平均值分别低 0.05和 0.12。结果表明,所提出的方法能够有效监控飞控系统,为无人机飞行管理决策提供数据支持。     

基于遥测数据的无人机气动参数辨识方法研究

针对无人机在高空低速飞行时易受风场影响及在数据分析时遥测数据不完备的问题,进行了气动参数辨识方法研究,提出了基于空速管平面矢量三角形的风场估计方法及基于风场信息修正的气动角估计方法。以某型无人机为例,对遥测数据进行了充分分析与信息综合,运用逐步回归方法进行了纵向气动参数辨识,并进行了实验验证。结果表明,模型计算结果与实测数据吻合较好,说明所提方法有效。考虑到辨识模型的数学本质,该方法对其他固定翼无人机同样适用。     

Dynamic temperature prediction of electronic equipment under high altitude long endurance conditions

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is developing towards the direction of High Altitude Long Endurance (HALE). This will have an important influence on the stability of its airborne electronic equipment using passive thermal management. In this paper, a multi-node transient thermal model for airborne electronic equipment is set up based on the thermal network method to predict their dynamic temperature responses under high altitude and long flight time conditions. Some relevant factors are considered into this temperature prediction model including flight environment, radiation, convection, heat conduction, etc. An experimental chamber simulating a high altitude flight environment was set up to survey the dynamic thermal responses of airborne electronic equipment in a UAV. According to the experimental measurement results, the multi-node transient thermal model is verified without consideration of the effects of flight speed. Then, a modified way about outside flight speed is added into the model to improve the temperature prediction performance. Finally, the corresponding simulation code is developed based on the proposed model. It can realize the dynamic temperature prediction of airborne electronic equipment under HALE conditions.     

无人机空中冲突探测与避撞研究

近年来，无人机运输业迅猛发展，其飞行过程中的冲突探测与避撞问题成为亟需解决的关键问题。在无人机周围建立合理的三维空间模型，优化包括紧急避撞区域、一般避撞区域、监视及提前避撞区域的三级避撞区域系统，并利用ADS-B 报文提供的无人机位置、速度等信息，基于无人机一般二维平面上的冲突探测与避撞算法，通过增加垂直方向上的冲突识别来改进冲突探测算法，对比调速、调向两种避让方案在各避撞区域的成功率。结果表明：改进算法能在无人机数量大幅增加的情况下有效识别冲突无人机，同时采用先调速后调向的避让方案，避撞成功率达到99.75%，可为保障无人机的飞行安全提供有效策略。     

无人飞行器外形布局设计及其气动特性计算分析

设计了一种新的无人飞行器气动外形布局,应用基于二次曲线的模线设计方法完成了飞行器气动外形建模,并对所建模型进行气动特性计算分析。将飞行器几何外形节点数据导入Gambit软件,生成气动特性计算所需的网格文件。应用Fluent软件,根据不同的飞行条件,选择合适的计算流体力学分析方法,对无人飞行器外形布局进行气动特性计算。主...     

共轴双桨涵道无人飞行器非定常气动特性

基于滑移网格技术和SST(shear stress transport) k -ω湍流模型,建立了模拟共轴双桨涵道无人飞行器(UAV)流场的CFD(计算流体动力学)数值方法,并通过计算风洞实验算例验证其有效性。数值模拟了共轴双桨涵道UAV在飞行过程中的动态流场,分析了涵道、飞行速度、螺旋桨转速、攻角等因素对其非定常气动特性的影响规律。计算结果表明:所建立的CFD数值计算方法适于模拟共轴双桨涵道UAV动态流场;涵道的存在显著削弱涵道螺旋桨的桨尖涡、后缘脱体涡和尾流收缩,具有较弱的桨-涡干扰和涡-涡干扰现象,明显减小共轴双桨涵道UAV的需用功率;随前飞速度增大,共轴双桨涵道UAV的升力和阻力同时增大;随螺旋桨转速增大,共轴双桨涵道UAV升力增大,而阻力减小;随攻角增大,共轴双桨涵道UAV的阻力增大,而升力先增大后减小。      

国外高空长航时无人机动力技术的发展

高空长航时无人机是一种可在18—24km高空范围飞行、巡航时数不少于24h的无人机，在军用和民用领域都有广阔的应用前景。但是，由于高空长航时无人机的飞行任务与常规飞机的相比有很大不同，因此，为其动力装置的发展带来了很多新的技术挑战。     

Full mode flight dynamics modelling and control of stopped-rotor UAV

The Stopped-Rotor(SR) UAV combines the advantages of vertical take-off and landing of helicopter and high-speed cruise of fixed-wing aircraft. At the same time, it also has a unique aerodynamic layout, which leads to great differences in the control and aerodynamic characteristics of various flight modes, and brings great challenges to the flight dynamics modelling and control in full-mode flight. In this paper, the flight dynamics modelling and control method of SR UAV in full-mode flight is st...