Entropy based inverse design of aircraft mission success space in system-of-systems confrontation

This paper presents a practical and efficient design method for aircraft Mission Success Space (MSS) based on the entropy measurement (EM). First, fundamentals regarding MSS, Inverse Design (ID) and entropy are discussed. Then, two EM schemes of entropy-based ID and the whole MSS ID procedure are given to demonstrate alternative ways of entropy quantification and MSS design. After that, Genetic Algorithm (GA) is utilized as a search algorithm to find the optimal MSS design with the minimum objective, entropy, in each EM scheme. A simulation case of aircraft penetration mission is given for the method validation where the best aircraft MSS design is obtained by GA according to the minimum entropy. Results from two schemes are compared at the end.     

Gaussian fitting based optimal design of aircraft mission success space using multi-objective genetic algorithm

In order to obtain the optimized aircraft design concept which meets the increasingly complex operation environment at the conceptual design stage, System-of-systems (SoS) engineering must be considered. This paper proposes a novel optimization method for the design of aircraft Mission Success Space (MSS) based on Gaussian fitting and Genetic Algorithm (GA) in the SoS area. First, the concepts in the design and evaluation of MSS are summarized to introduce the Contribution to System-of-Systems (CSS) by using a conventional effectiveness index, Mission Success Rate (MSR). Then, the mathematic modelling of Gaussian fitting technique is noted as the basis of the optimization work. After that, the proposed optimal MSS design is illustrated by the multi-objective optimization process where GA acts as the search tool to find the best solution (via Pareto front). In the case study, a simulation system of penetration mission was built. The simulation results are collected and then processed by two MSS design schemes (contour and neural network) giving the initial variable space to GA optimization. Based on that, the proposed optimization method is implemented under both schemes whose optimal solutions are compared to obtain the final best design in the case study.     

军用教练机任务可靠性预计方法研究

 完成任务成功概率(MCSP)是军用飞机的一项重要的可靠性指标,在可靠性设计中必须反复进行预计。飞机整机的任务可靠性预计国内尚未有先例。本文从工程实践中总结了一套预计军用教练机MCSP及系统的任务可靠度的方法,比较全面地论述了任务可靠性框图的特点,并提出了一个计算军用教练机MCSP的实用数学模型。     

STEREO Ground Segment, Science Operations, and Data Archive

Vitally important to the success of any mission is the ground support system used for commanding the spacecraft, receiving the telemetry, and processing the results. We describe the ground system used for the STEREO mission, consisting of the Mission Operations Center, the individual Payload Operations Centers for each instrument, and the STEREO Science Center, together with mission support from the Flight Dynamics Facility, Deep Space Mission System, and the Space Environment Center. The mission planning process is described, as is the data flow from spacecraft telemetry to processed science data to long-term archive. We describe the online resources that researchers will be able to use to access STEREO planning resources, science data, and analysis software. The STEREO Joint Observations Program system is described, with instructions on how observers can participate. Finally, we describe the near-real-time processing of the “space weather beacon” telemetry, which is a low telemetry rate quicklook product available close to 24 hours a day, with the intended use of space weather forecasting.     

大型水陆两栖飞机特殊任务模式对总体设计的挑战

面向森林灭火和水上救援任务设计的大型水陆两栖飞机，由于其特殊的任务模式，给设计工作带来了许多全新的挑战。首先，分析了国内森林灭火和水上救援的需求，并介绍了对应的任务模式。然后，总结了在型号研制过程中不同于常规飞机的特殊设计和相应的解决方法，具体包括：以国内供应商为主体的构型管理体系的建立、气水动一体化设计、全新的起落架布局设计、任务系统集成和效能评估、驾驶舱集成设计、设备布置和腐蚀防护设计。最后，提出了在适航审定和集成应用方面仍需重点关注的4个研究方向。     

面向维修的现代大飞机设计

提出了面向维修的设计（DFM）概念。论述了面向维修的设计在现代飞机研制与发展中的重要地位和作用。通过空客、波音和巴航等重视DFM的典型案例，说明了DFM是现代大飞机成功与否的关键性技术。简要分析了DFM的世界先进水平与中国的差距，阐明DFM对于中国发展大飞机有着至关重要的意义。根据国内外工程实践，提出了中国大飞机的DMMH／FH指标门限值（threshold）应不高于10，目标值（goal）应不大于8，以建立大飞机DMMH／FH指标体系为核心的定量化分析的DFM工程化思路。     

Modular Stores Management System

Advanced Military aircraft operational requirements demand an ever increasing variety and quantity of Stores, coupled with continuous improvement in mission success, safety of operation, aircrew and groundcrew workload, interoperability and ground support facilities. Until now these ever more demanding requirements have been met by costly customized stores management system designs. GEC Avionics has surveyed the potential SMS requirements of a comprehensive range of aircraft and weapon types, in order to define a universal SMS design concept based on system availability, integrity and reliability, operational functions, peripheral interfaces and maintenance/human factors. This advanced concept not only includes provision for all existing weapon types but also has growth potential for the evolving MIL-STD-1760 weapon interfaces. System interface requirements have been rationalized in order to achieve a Modular Stores Management System (MSMS) design based on major factors such as cost, mission requirements and customer specifications. The key work for a successful MSMS design is flexibility and GEC Avionics has evolved a set of standard modules which can be packaged to satisfy specific customer needs. Typically, the standard modules provide over 80% of the hardware in every Stores Management application. The MSM concept features much reduced development costs and timescales, commonality between aircraft types minimizing parts inventory, VLSI technology providing high reliability and a common product support and maintenance philosophy. The MSM design offers a highly cost effective low risk concept for meeting the needs of modernization and new aircraft programs.     

共因失效条件下多状态系统选择性维修优化

共因失效（CCF）广泛存在于多状态系统（MSS）中,研究共因失效条件下多状态系统的维修优化问题,对于提高系统任务成功概率、降低故障损失具有重要意义。考虑多状态系统、任务剖面和随机共因失效的模糊特性,采用模糊马尔可夫模型（FMM）和模糊通用生成函数（FUGF）法,建立了模糊随机共因失效条件下模糊多状态系统（FMSS）任务成功概率评估解析模型（AM）,采用Monte Carlo仿真（MCS）方法对模型进行了验证;考虑维修费用约束,建立了模糊随机共因失效条件下模糊多状态系统选择性维修优化模型,为生成最优维修方案提供支持,结合实际案例,分析了随机共因失效对选择性维修优化和系统各状态的模糊概率的影响,验证了模型的有效性。研究结果表明,模糊随机共因失效和各模糊参数的α水平截集可能会影响选择性维修优化的结果,且忽略模糊随机共因失效会高估系统任务成功概率。     

作战飞机的空-地攻击效能评估

用概率方法建立了描述单一飞机在威胁环境中攻击一个地面被动目标的数学模型,导出飞机对地攻击作战的任务成功率、目标被击毁率和飞机损失率等效能的表达式,给出用于效能评估的有关事件发生概率的计算公式,通过计算实例讨论了作战飞机空－地攻击效能的各种度量。     

直升机任务能力评估

首先介绍了直升机任务能力的主要内容及其应用领域,然后建立了一种适用于直升机任务能力评估的对数法,并对其评估的具体项目进行了说明。最后给出了一些机型的评估算例,计算结果表明用该方法对直升机的任务能力进行评估是合理的。     

CCSDS空间包在MOIMS领域中的应用

为了适应未来航天任务的发展,构建以服务为导向的、开放的、可重用的航天器任务操作系统,分析了CCSDS(Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems,空间数据系统咨询委员会)中MOIMS (Mission Operations and Information Management System,任务操作及信息管理系统)领域的任务操作服务框架的原理、层次结构及优点,对任务操作相关的通用服务、功能服务、COM(Common Object Model,通用对象模型)及MAL(Message Abstraction Layer,消息抽象层)对服务的抽象化描述方法进行了研究.MAL向任务操作相关的服务提供了通用的服务模型框架,所有服务均可用MAL消息格式进行规范化的描述,在此基础上建立了MAL消息格式与CCSDS空间包的映射关系,从而以CCSDS空间包为信息栽体实现了航天器与地面系统间的任务操作通信,可以作为以服务为导向的任务操作系统实际工程应用的参考.     

一种航空发动机运行可靠性评估方法

航空发动机运行过程中,可靠性评估是航空发动机可靠性评估领域的关键问题之一,而合理的评估方法能够提高可靠性分析的效率和精度,因此本文提出一种支持评估飞机任务过程中航空发动机运行可靠性的方法。结合飞行任务特点和航空发动机工作特性,以快速存取记录器信息为分析数据,考虑当前运行环境、飞机瞬时状态、发动机当前工作状态 3 类因素对运行可靠性进行分析;将随机森林算法与分层抽样法结合对数据进行拟合、预测并计算特征重要度;以 B737-800 机型一次北京—乌鲁木齐的飞行任务为例,对方法的有效性和可行性进行验证。结果表明：本文提出的可靠性评估方法解决了航空发动机运行过程中数据量大、维度高导致的数据处理困难问题。     

THE CLUSTER DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM: A DISTRIBUTED SYSTEM IN SUPPORT OF A CHALLENGING SCIENTIFIC MISSION

The Cluster mission is aimed at the study of small-scale structures that are believed to be fundamental in determining the behaviour of key interactive processes of cosmic plasma. The mission will be controlled from the European Space Operations Centre (ESOC). ESOC is also in charge of the commanding of the scientific payloads on-board the four Cluster spacecraft after negotiation with the Cluster Principal Investigators (PIs) and of collecting and distributing the mission's scientific results to the Cluster community. This paper describes the process of translating the scientific requirements of the Cluster mission into a data-processing system supporting the mission via the definition of an appropriate operational scenario. In particular, the process of negotiation between the PIs and ESOC to command the spacecraft is mediated by the Joint Science Operations Centre (JSOC) and finalised by the Cluster Mission Planning System (CMPS) while the return of the data to the Cluster community is actuated by the Cluster Data Disposition System (CDDS). The Cluster Mission Control System (CMCS) provides the interface between these two systems and the spacecraft. These elements constitute the Cluster Data-Processing System (CDPS).     

基于仿真的空战效能评估分析研究

分析了作战飞机在执行空战任务过程中的使用特点,结合现代空战的特点、考虑四代机的特征及作战飞机各系统间的耦合情况,应用概率理论建立了作战飞机空战效能的计算评估体系,同时给出了发现目标概率、占位开火成功概率、导弹杀伤目标概率3个用于评估空战效能的阶段性指标.根据空战各阶段的特点,应用效能计算评估体系辅以模拟仿真的方法完成了空战效能的评估.结果表明,空战效能评估结果与空战能力评估结果吻合情况很好.     

民用飞机商载航程图解析方程的建立及应用

民用飞机的商载航程能力满足市场需求对民用飞机的成功至关重要,航程能力设计指标是否合理需要在方案初期结合市场特征进行全面的评估。通过推导商载航程图边界线的解析方程,建立了飞机总体参数与商载航程图的关系,构建了一种通过设计指标中的标准商载、设计航程以及特征重量参数即可快速准确求解出飞机商载航程图的方法。使得在性能计算输入参数有限的方案初期,仅通过基本的设计指标就能反映较为全面的商载航程能力,可应用于方案阶段基于市场需求的方案快速迭代,优化飞机设计指标。     

机群编队对地攻击飞机武器系统作战模型研究

从机群编队对地攻击飞机武器系统作战顶层人手，建立了同类型机群及混合机群对地攻击飞机武器系统编队作战行动模型，给出了总体效能指标与飞机武器系统飞行阶段的效能指标关系，并进行了综合优化分析，为对地攻击飞机武器系统作战效能分析与综合打下了基础。     

Exploring mission planning method for a team of carrier aircraft launching

High-level efficiency and safety are of great significance for improving the fighting capability of an aircraft carrier. One way to enhance efficiency and safety level is to organize the carrier aircraft into combat effectively. This paper studies the mission planning problem for a team of carrier aircraft launching, and a novel distributed mission planning architecture is proposed. The architecture is hierarchical and is comprised of four levels, namely, the input level, the coordination level,the path planning level and the execution level. Realistic constraints in each level of the distributed architecture, such as the vortex flow effect, the crowd effect and the motion of aircraft, are considered in the model. To solve this problem, a distributed path planning algorithm based on the asynchronous planning strategy is developed. The proposed Mission Planning Approach for Carrier Aircraft Launching(MPACAL) is validated using the setups of the Nimitz-class aircraft carrier.Compared to the isolated planning architecture and the centralized planning architecture, the proposed distributed planning architecture has advantages in coordinating the launch tasks not only belonging to the same catapult but also when all different catapults are considered. The proposed MPACAL provides a modeling method for the flight deck operation on aircraft carrier.     

飞机综合航电系统总体设计综合评估方法

 航空电子系统的费用 效能是飞机总体系统效能的重要组成部分,也是降低飞机寿命周期费用的关键之一。在航空电子系统的总体设计阶段,传统的系统评估和优化方法主要针对的是独立子系统/设备的费用或效能指标。综合航电系统设计方案的费用 效能重要指标包括：可支付性、构型能力、任务能力、可靠性、维修性、测试性和技术风险,以组合的方式获得了相应的综合评估准则,给出了计算公式。以某新研航电系统作为实例演示了综合评估方法的实施情况,演示的重点集中于总体设计方案的可视化量化评估分析。该综合评估方法已显示出其在实际工程设计中的可行性和应用价值。     

任务可靠度的估算分析

飞机设计工作中一项十分重要的任务是产品可靠性设计，本文回顾了任务可靠性的基本概念，给出了能够确定飞机完成任务可能性的任务可靠度的估算方法。在此基础上，为说明任务可靠度估算的实际过程，本文最后对某型飞机电传控制系统任务可靠度进行了分析，并给出了分析结论。     

一种电动飞机概念方案的参数设计方法

为了准确地进行电动飞机概念方案的设计评估,从其自身特征出发,结合任务需求和不同飞行阶段的能耗分析,建立了全机总质量评估模块;为了完成方程的封闭和满足必要的飞行性能约束,建立了参数矩阵图模块;搭建的设计系统可以有效评估起飞总质量、翼载荷、功率载荷和翼展等总体参数。基于该系统,对国内外三款电动飞机进行设计和对比分析:不同机型下,程序所得的各项质量、翼面积、展长和翼载荷等均与实际数据相近;各项数据对比的绝对数值差异反映出对于任务的模拟和能耗在合理范围之内,且其相对误差对于初级设计阶段的总体参数评估而言,也是可以接受的。这些研究结果不仅验证了本文设计方法的正确性和可行性,还表明了该方法可为电动飞机初步的参数选定和性能评估提供重要的设计支撑。