Structural Failures in Light-weight Solar Cell Arrays under Thermal Cycling

Several different types of small silicon solar cell arrays mounted on lightweight honeycomb panels and on flexible substrates were subjected to long-term thermal cycling tests between -160 and 600C in dry nitrogen. Other tests included immersion in liquid nitrogen and vibration fatigue tests in excess of one million cycles. The arrays experienced a reduction in output caused by contact failure, fracture in the silicon and cover slide, and disintegration of the honeycomb. Failure modes caused by different cell and interconnect constructions are compared.     

深空探测用柔性太阳毯的制备及性能

面向我国深空探测任务用新型柔性太阳毯,开展了柔性复合材料制备工艺技术、性能评价研究。结果表明,采用模压聚酰亚胺纤维增强有机硅橡胶柔性复合材料,能够满足柔性太阳毯需求。自动涂胶工艺能够实现高黏度硅橡胶均匀薄涂在聚酰亚胺薄膜表面。对比测试表明,硅烷偶联剂能够提高柔性太阳毯的T剥离强度,但使其低温柔韧性下降。     

近地轨道卫星太阳电池阵功率衰减估计

针对LEO(Low Earth Orbit,近地轨道)卫星的太阳电池阵输出功率衰减问题,在分析卫星轨道半长轴、太阳入射角、日地距离等参数变化与影响的基础上,提出按照轨道衰减快慢来区分太阳活动高年与低年,进而通过区分高年与低年,再根据不同季节分别进行太阳电池阵输出功率的衰减估计,而无须做功率归一化。同时,重点关注了夏至前后的最低输出功率的衰减情况,以此作为在轨卫星长期管理中的能源参考,建立平均电流和功率衰减因子估计模型,并结合实际工程数据进行了衰减估计。结果表明,太阳电池阵输出功率的年衰减因子约为-0.012,年衰减率约为1.2%。该结果可应用于在轨卫星长期管理的遥测诊断辅助。     

柔性空间结构选频二阶保结构平衡降阶

利用传统的一阶选频内平衡降阶方法进行降阶时,不但破坏了原二阶系统动力学结构,而且降阶过程中的选频Gramian矩阵的求解计算量大、数值稳定性差.利用解耦模态坐标的二阶柔性空间结构(FSS)方程的特殊性,给出了可控和可观Gramian矩阵的选频闭合解析解.为了将FSS动力学模型在指定频段进行降阶并保留原系统的二阶动力学结...     

虚拟柔性加工单元物流开发与实践

虚拟柔性加工单元是虚拟制造技术研究的核心.本文以柔性加工单元为虚拟研究对象,讨论虚拟制造技术的特点,分析了虚拟柔性加工单元物流建模与实现步骤.最后实践了柔性加工单元虚拟布局与加工过程.     

Solar Cell Interconnector Design

Various solar cell interconnector designs are analyzed for fatigue failures under extended temperature cycling. Test results are presented for several configurations. The stresses and failures of the solder joint between interconnector and silicon cell are discussed in light of test results, new long-term cycling data showing much greater incipient failures than previously expected based on extrapolation. Data are also presented for solder creep strength at elevated temperatures. A comparison between soldered and welded joints shows that both approaches have their weaknesses. The bonding method of cells to substrate must be integrated with the interconnector design to obtain optimum performance, mechanically as well as electrically.     

模态密集柔性空间结构二阶内平衡降阶

 给出一种针对二阶线性系统方程直接进行降阶的二阶系统内平衡降阶方法。大型柔性空间结构动力学方程采用二阶线性微分方程描述,采用传统的一阶内平衡降阶方法降阶后的状态方程是一阶形式,破坏了原系统的二阶结构和物理意义。采用新方法降阶后的系统可以保持原系统二阶结构,同时可以进一步保持原系统的对称和正定特性。柔性空间结构系统级降阶的柔性模态方程通常为对角形式,针对这种特殊形式,系统可控和可观Gramian矩阵存在闭合解析解,给出了闭合解的具体表达形式。数值仿真结果表明,二阶内平衡降阶方法可以达到一阶内平衡方法一样的降阶精度,Gramian矩阵的闭合解析解可以大幅度提高Lyapunov方程求解速度。     

挠性空间机械臂伪速率增量反馈控制

针对空间机械臂平台中挠性机械臂与平台的耦合情况,采用伪速率反馈控制方法对机械臂平台的姿态控制系统进行设计和分析,使机械臂平台的姿态控制系统满足稳定性、控制精度等性能,并采用描述函数法对所设计线性控制系统的方法中,描述函数法是较为有效的方.η率脉冲调制喷气控制方案。本文在原有的伪速率脉.η的姿态控制系统进行稳定性分析。     

空间站太阳能吸热器蓄热性能地面模拟试验

利用相变材料 (PCM)的熔化潜热来蓄热可以保证空间站太阳能热动力系统在轨道的阴影期内仍能连续发电。针对这一核心技术 ,建立了空间太阳能吸热 -储热器单元换热器地面模拟实验台。在模拟轨道条件下 ,对不同入射热流、不同工质进口温度及不同工质流量进行了多种组合测试。结果表明 ,单管工质气体的出口温升在轨道的日照期和阴影期都达到了预期的要求 ,相变材料容器的最高温度和平均温度都处于材料的安全范围内。     

深空大规模天线组阵布局设计

针对深空测控通信背景下大规模组阵的天线布局优化问题,给出了优化目标(即单元波束内合成波束附近的旁瓣最小化)以及优化边界条件(包括天线数、天线口径、工作频段、最小间距和最大布局范围等),并在此基础上建立了优化模型,理论分析表明,布局优化后的归一化旁瓣峰值比布局随机化的归一化旁瓣峰值低lnN/N(N为天线数)。最后基于梯度优化算法给出具体的优化流程并进行了仿真,仿真结果表明,在给出的优化边界条件下,优化后的合成波束方向图旁瓣峰值降到约-10dB,与理论分析结果基本一致。     

高空气球太阳能电池标定用太阳跟踪控制技术

高空气球标定的太阳能电池是可被用于地面太阳模拟器和太阳光光强检测的标准电池。首先,给出了由飞行气球搭载的高空太阳能电池标定所使用的太阳跟踪控制系统设计方法,包括基于STM32的太阳跟踪控制系统硬件设计方案、混合自动追踪控制策略、软件开发与实现方法、高空跟踪控制技术问题解决方案以及高空标定试验等。同时,解决了高空气球电池标定用太阳跟踪控制系统在极端环境下高可靠性、连续追踪和防抖动等关键技术问题。试验结果为气球飞行高度32km,平飘时间超过2h,太阳跟踪偏差小于1°。经初步分析,高空太阳跟踪控制系统标定测试结果合理可靠,工作性能稳定,为中国高空气球太阳能电池AM0标定用太阳跟踪控制系统的研究提供了新思路。     

GaAs系列太阳电池技术与发展

GaAs系列太阳电池是目前太空应用最广泛的电源,这一系列太阳电池已成为太阳电池领域的研究热点.介绍了GaAs太阳电池的研究历程和最新技术动态.     

Summary of European Solar Cell Activities

A review of activities in the solar cell field by the European manufacturers and agencies is presented. These activities include considerable efforts in research, development, and production of solar cells, covers, and solar cell arrays. Details of the qualification and use of European cells and covers on the Intelsat IV program are presented.     

Space Station Power System

A Space Station Task Force was established by NASA in May 1982 to provide focus and direction for space station planning activities. The Task Force also provides Congress and the Administration with sufficient information to allow them to make an informed decision on whether the United States should proceed with a space station as the next major national initiative in space. This paper presents the status of planning activities to date, with major emphasis on the power system, and discusses technology options, power requirements, and schedule.     

关于天地往返运输系统动力装置

本文对未来天地往返运输系统宜采用的动力装置方案提出一些看法,着重阐明液氧/烃类/液氢三组元推进剂发动机的优点。     

空间发电系统热管式吸热器热性能分析

为了提高吸热器的热性能、降低吸热器的质量,将热管用于空间太阳能热动力发电系统的吸热蓄热器,建立了相应的物理和数学模型,给出了数值求解方法,计算了蓄热容器最高温度、热管最高壁温、工质出口温度、相变材料(PCM)熔化率等参数,并与基本形吸热器进行了对比,验证了PCM的储热能力,减小了工质气体出口温度的波动。计算结果可用于吸热器的设计。      

Silicon Solar Cell Performance at High Intensities

The theoretical and experimental work performed since 1960 in the area of high-intensity and high-temperature operation of silicon and gallium arsenide photovoltaic devices is reviewed. Test results for conventional 5-grid silicon cells, for specially designed 13-grid silicon cells, and for a GaAs cell are presented parametrically for the illumination intensity range from 0.07 to 2.8 W/cm2 and the temperature range from 30 to 1 50°C. The data cover the 3 points on the currentvoltage characteristic required to reconstruct the full characteristic in the power-generating quadrant. The 13-grid silicon cells showed much better performance than the GaAs cell.     

Space Weather and the Ground-Level Solar Proton Events of the 23rd Solar Cycle

Solar proton events can adversely affect space and ground-based systems. Ground-level events are a subset of solar proton events that have a harder spectrum than average solar proton events and are detectable on Earth’s surface by cosmic radiation ionization chambers, muon detectors, and neutron monitors. This paper summarizes the space weather effects associated with ground-level solar proton events during the 23rd solar cycle. These effects include communication and navigation systems, spacecraft electronics and operations, space power systems, manned space missions, and commercial aircraft operations. The major effect of ground-level events that affect manned spacecraft operations is increased radiation exposure. The primary effect on commercial aircraft operations is the loss of high frequency communication and, at extreme polar latitudes, an increase in the radiation exposure above that experienced from the background galactic cosmic radiation. Calculations of the maximum potential aircraft polar route exposure for each ground-level event of the 23rd solar cycle are presented. The space weather effects in October and November 2003 are highlighted together with on-going efforts to utilize cosmic ray neutron monitors to predict high energy solar proton events, thus providing an alert so that system operators can possibly make adjustments to vulnerable spacecraft operations and polar aircraft routes.     

直升机软油箱抗坠毁性能研究

本文以直升机结构试样软油箱为研究对象,对其抗坠毁性能进行了仿真分析与验证。首先介绍了软油箱与地面的撞击过程中涉及到的流固耦合理论。然后建立了软油箱的有限元模型,使用MSC.Dytran对软油箱以17.3m/s速度垂直撞击地面的全过程进行了仿真分析,将分析结果与试验结果中的冲击载荷和变形进行对比分析,得出了相关结论。最后研究了材料性能、坠地姿态和外形尺寸对软油箱抗坠毁性能的影响,为抗坠毁软油箱的设计提供理论依据。