型材拉弯工艺研究进展

归纳了国内外学者近10年来用解析计算法、试验分析法和数值模拟法分析拉弯成形工艺所取得的成果,提出了今后拉弯成形工艺的研究方向和应当解决的主要问题。     

Static Pull and Push Bending Properties of RTM-made TWF Composite Tee-joints

This paper deals with static pull and push bending tests on two-dimensional (2D) orthogonal EW220/5284 twill weave fabric (TWF) composite tee-joints processed with the resin transfer moulding (RTM) technique. Static pull and push bending properties are determined and failure initiation mechanism is deduced from experimental observations. The experiments show that the failure initiation load, on average, is greater for push bending than for pull bending, whereas the scatter is smaller for push bending than for pull bending. The failure mode of RTM-made tee-joints in pull bending tests can be reckoned to be characteristic of debonding of resin matrix at the interface between the triangular resin-rich zone and the curved web of tee-joint until complete separation of the curved web from the bottom plate. In contrast, as distinct from the products subject to pull bending loading, the RTM tee-joints in push bending tests experience matrix cracking and fibre fracture from outer layers to inner layers of the bottom plate until catastrophic collapse resulting from the bending. Three-dimensional finite element (FE) models are presented to simulate the load transfer path and failure initiation mechanism of RTM-made TWF composite tee-joint based on the maximum stress criterion. Good correlation between experimental and numerical results is achieved.     

Acceleration sensors based modal identification and active vibration control of flexible smart cantilever plate

Some flexible appendages of spacecrafts, such as solar panels, are cantilever plate structures. Thus, vibration problem is unavoidable when there is slewing maneuver or external disturbance excitation. Vibration of such cantilever plate structures includes coupled bending and torsional motion. Furthermore, the low amplitude vibration near the equilibrium point is very difficult to be quickly suppressed due to nonlinear factors of the hardware in the system, which is harmful to stability and attitude control accuracy. To solve these problems, acceleration sensor-based modal identification and active vibration control methods are presented for the first two bending and the first two torsional modes vibration of the cantilever plate. Optimal placements of three acceleration sensors and PZT patches actuators are performed to decouple the bending and torsional vibration of such cantilever plate for sensing and actuating, and identifications are achieved by experiments. A nonlinear control method is presented to suppress both high and low amplitude vibrations of flexible smart cantilever plate significantly. Experimental comparison researches are conducted by using acceleration proportional feedback and the presented nonlinear control algorithms. The experimental results demonstrate that the presented acceleration sensor-based methods can suppress the vibration of cantilever plate effectively.     

一种机翼弯剪载荷包线近似计算方法

在机翼静强度初步设计中,为了快速准确地得到其载荷包线并用于确定翼盒结构基本参数,提出一种近似计算方法。通过比较多种重量估算方法,发现三角形分布能较好地拟合机翼重量。考虑到大型民用运输机飞行临界过载和集中载荷等特性,综合利用Schrenk升力分布和三角形重量分布,得到在飞行载荷下的一种近似计算机翼剪力和弯矩载荷包线方法。通过分析两机翼风洞试验数据得到的机翼剪力和弯矩包线,证明该近似方法是可行的。     

边条翼布局双垂尾抖振的数值模拟

对边条翼布局的双垂尾抖振进行了较为深入的数值模拟研究。模拟来流马赫数为0.2,迎角为10°~40°。通过非定常Euler方程计算各迎角下的非定常流场及垂尾根部弯矩系数。并将随时间脉动的根部弯矩系数进行计算得到根部弯矩系数均方根值,从而得出根部弯矩响应大小随迎角的变化曲线。结合流场特性对该布局双垂尾抖振的发生机理及抖振响应随迎角的变化规律作了深入分析。结果表明:该边条翼布局双垂尾抖振主要是由于边条破裂涡作用在垂尾上的脉动载荷引起的。最后,将垂尾根部弯矩响应的计算结果与该模型双垂尾抖振的风洞实验结果作了比较,结果符合得较好。     

局部应力应变法弯扭复合疲劳损伤准则

 <正> 关于弯扭复合疲劳强度问题的研究,以往都是建立在名义应力法的基础上而局部应力应变法是一种比名义应力法更好的疲劳寿命计算方法,尤其是对于解决中、低周疲劳寿命问题。因此,本文把局部应力应变法引入弯扭复合疲劳寿命计算中,建立一个基于局部应力应变法的弯扭复合疲劳损伤准则。     

On choice of the blade back profile curvature in transonic turbine cascades

Some design and experimental data on three cascades with the same 12° bending angle for the primary nozzle block of a gas turbine are presented. As is seen from the investigation the most efficient at the transonic velocities of the outward flow are the blades, the back curvature of which in the bevel cut zone decreases to the trailing edge. Also presented is the fact that the blade with the increasing back curvature has noticeably larger losses.     

大型运输机机翼弯曲载荷计算

简要叙述了飞机平飞时影响机翼弯曲载荷的主要因素；重点介绍了机翼升力、机翼油箱燃油重力、机翼结构重力沿翼展分布数学模型的建立和机翼弯曲载荷计算公式的推导过程；所述方法虽然是针对大型运输机提出的，但对其它类型飞机同样适用。     

Buckling of composite panels: A criterion for optimum stiffener design

In this paper a linear, closed-form analysis of the buckling behavior of an orthotropic plate with elastic clamping and edge reinforcement under uniform compressive load is presented. This is a typical structural situation found in aerospace engineering for instance as stiffeners in wings or the fuselage. All governing equations are transformed in a dimensionless system using common characteristic quantities to gain good analytical access. The buckling behavior is analyzed and generic buckling diagrams are presented. The solutions show excellent agreement with results from literature and numerical analyses.The minimum bending stiffness of the edge reinforcement needed to withstand buckling is examined and a minimum stiffness criterion is presented. Furthermore an absolute minimum bending stiffness is found which is sufficient to enable the reinforcement to act as a near-rigid support for arbitrarily long plates. These criteria are of interest for optimized lightweight design of stringers and stiffeners.     

边界弹性支撑板固有振动分析的一种解析方法

板的挠曲面微分方程与振型函数方程在数学上具有相同的形式，在力学上又具有相同的意义。这种可比拟性使得利用贝蒂功互等定理对板的固有振动进行研究成为可能。该文给出了求解矩形板的通用基本解，并对对边简支矩形板分别具有均匀的一般弹性边界支撑和弹性嵌固支撑时的固有振动进行了讨论，得到了解析形式的频率方程。     

非平面机翼最小诱阻的法洗分布

 关于机翼最小诱阻的下洗分布问题,很早就有人进行过研究。在升力约束条件下,Munk证明具有最小诱阻的机翼展向下洗分布为一常数。对于平面机翼在升力和翼根弯矩约束条件下,Jones证明具有最小诱阻的展向下洗为线性分布。目前使用的飞机机翼,通常都有上反角,且有的机翼上反角沿展向还有变化（例如带翼梢小翼的机翼）。对于这样的非平面机翼,在升力和翼根弯矩约束条件下,其最小诱阻的展向法洗分布规律尚不清楚,这就是本文所要研究的内容。     

非平面机翼最小诱阻的法洗分布

关于机翼最小诱阻的下洗分布问题,很早就有人进行过研究。在升力约束条件下,Munk证明具有最小诱阻的机翼展向下洗分布为一常数。对于平面机翼在升力和翼根弯矩约束条件下,Jones证明具有最小诱阻的展向下洗为线性分布。目前使用的飞机机翼,通常都有上反角,且有的机翼上反角沿展向还有变化(例如带翼梢小翼的机翼)。对于这样的非平面机翼,在升力和翼根弯矩约束条件下,其最小诱阻的展向法洗分布规律尚不清楚,这就是本文所要研究的内容。     

基于有限元模拟的三维型材拉弯轨迹设计

针对三维型材拉弯,提出一种基于变形控制有限元模拟的轨迹设计方法。首先提取模具长度方向特征线并将其离散成诸多线段单元,这样毛料逐步包覆模具的过程就变成毛料包覆这些线段单元的过程。给定毛料依次包覆线段单元发生的变形,根据切线接触条件（拉弯成形过程中毛料离开模具的位置处两者相切）计算出每步毛料末端位移。将这些位移作为边界条件输入有限元模型中计算毛料应力、应变和回弹。根据成形极限图和规定最大回弹超差量来调整变形模式,找到优化的变形模式和拉弯轨迹。以中空矩形截面型材三维拉弯为例,给出了轨迹设计的详细流程。     

Solution of the five-layer beam bending problem using the calculus of variation

The paper deals with the problem of lateral bending for the five-layer panel with the lightweight filler that is reduced to the bending problem of a beam fixed at the end sections. To solve the differential equations describing the beam bending, the Euler-Lagrange variational principle is used.     

X-cor增强泡沫夹层结构力学性能试验

 研究了碳纤维X-cor销钉增强泡沫夹层结构的常规力学性能。自行设计工艺,制造了X-cor增强泡沫夹层结构复合材料,并进行了多种材料/几何参数下的平压、三点弯曲和芯子剪切试验,得到了系列试验数据,并观察记录了较全面的结构破坏模式;倾斜的X-cor销钉对夹层结构性能的增强效果大大优于垂直销钉的增强效果,倾斜X-cor增强泡沫夹层结构的抗弯刚度和破坏载荷大幅提高;X-cor增强泡沫夹层结构在弯曲载荷下具有较强的二次承载能力;X-cor增强泡沫夹层结构在弯曲和剪切载荷下均呈现明显的渐进失效过程,在初始裂纹出现后,直到最终破坏发生还有较长的损伤扩展过程,这一过程是增强相限制芯材裂纹大规模扩展的结果,表明X-cor增强泡沫夹层结构在初始裂纹出现后还具有较强的持续承载能力。     

Nonlinear bending-torsion flutter experiments of a medium-aspect-ratio flexible wing model

In this research a two-motion medium-aspect-ratio straight flexible wing model was tested. Tests with the wing model were conducted in the subsonic wind tunnel of the Faculty of Aerospace Engineering at the Technion, Israel. Experimental results obtained for flutter and Limit Cycle Oscillations (LCO) of the wing model are presented. At least two types of flutter and postflutter LCO have been observed. Both types were characterized by coupling between the torsional and bending modes. The first type flutter was associated with coupling of the first bending and first torsional modes, whereas the second type was observed for coupling of the first torsional and second bending modes.     

CFRP超高周疲劳损伤演化过程

碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料（CFRP）在航空航天等领域得到广泛应用，CFRP构件的超高周疲劳问题逐渐凸显出来。本文采用超声三点弯曲疲劳试验系统对CFRP复合材料的损伤演化过程进行研究。结果表明：CFRP复合材料在超高周三点弯曲加载下的S-N曲线呈阶梯状，尤其在10⁸周次后，其疲劳强度明显下降。通过对CFRP复合材料在同一视场不同周次下的损伤过程进行分析，发现该材料在超高周加载下的损伤形貌主要表现为3种特征：纤维束交叉处基体损坏、近纤维束平行段基体空洞、基体贯穿，并随着加载周次的增加，其损伤过程也按照这3种特征依次呈现出来。     

Effects of tooth bending damage on the leakage performance and rotordynamic coefficients of labyrinth seals

Tooth bending damage resulting from an intense impact by the rotor sometimes occurs in the transient operation. To investigate the influence of after-damage clearance and tooth bending length on the leakage performance and rotordynamic coefficients of labyrinth seals, three tooth bending damages were taken into consideration, including the unbent tooth damage (abbreviated as Unbent), the partial tooth bending damage (abbreviated as Pbent) and the complete tooth bending damage (abbreviated as Cbent). The transient CFD solution was utilized to calculate the leakage flow rates and rotordynamic coefficients of labyrinth seals with clearances of 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6 mm for three tooth bending damages. The obtained result shows that the Unbent tooth damage leaks least while the Pbent tooth bending damage leaks most, and an increase of 6.1% for Cbent tooth bending damage and an increase of 19.4% for Pbent tooth bending damage are discovered at the tooth clearance of 0.6 mm in comparison with the Unbent tooth damage. Compared to the Unbent tooth damage, the effective damping for Pbent tooth bending damage and Cbent tooth bending damage is lower and drops by 9.7%–33.6% and 8.5%–22.6% respectively at the tooth clearance of 0.6 mm, suggesting that Pbent tooth bending damage or Cbent tooth bending damage tends to weaken the seal stability when compared to the Unbent tooth damage.     

飞机导管数字化生产线探讨

介绍了国内外飞机导管制造技术的现状。参考国外飞机导管数字化生产的先进经验,结合国内实际情况,提出了实现导管数字化生产线总体设想方案。在导管CATIA数据转换、智能工艺性审查、三维弯曲仿真、数控弯管、组合夹具设计与制造、导管数控测量、系统集成等方面提出了切实可行的实施途径。     

刚度对直升机尾传动系统弯曲振动固有频率影响的分析

对直升机尾传动系统进行了简化,提出了直升机的尾传动系统是由多个轴段和圆盘组成的串联系统;建立了直升机尾传动系统的弯曲振动力学模型,模型中考虑了轴承支承刚度、联轴器的角向刚度及径向刚度;根据系统的弯曲振动力学方程,用传递矩阵法求得了系统的固有频率.结果表明:联轴器的角向刚度与径向刚度对系统的固有频率有不同的影响;增加轴段数或轴承的刚度可以降低系统的固有频率.