面对称飞行器气动偏差与控制稳定性分析

TXI系列飞行器是一款单级火箭动力、有翼面对称飞行试验平台,在其气动设计中没有进行风洞试验,全部气动数据都是通过CFD计算所得。针对TXI飞行器首飞过程中出现的短暂振荡现象开展气动参数辨识,将获得的实际飞行气动数据与CFD计算数据进行对比,分析某些状态的气动偏差,并通过振荡状态的稳定性分析对气动偏差进行分析核验。结果表明:稳定性分析与气动偏差辨识结果一致;气动特性的偏差引起了飞行控制系统的不稳定。     

不同外形建模方法对机翼气动特性的影响

飞机设计和制造过程中外形建模方法对飞机气动特性有较大影响。针对一种大型商用飞机机翼外形方案,基于样条曲线曲面理论,以内外翼整体或分段造型、调整曲面特征截面数量等不同方法进行三维外形建模,同时借助CFD数值计算得出巡航状态下各外形的气动参数,对比分析几种建模方法对机翼外形和气动特性的影响,并总结出一些关于飞机机翼外形建模的基本原则,对飞机设计和制造工程有一定参考价值。     

某型无人机舰载滑跃仿真分析

对某型大展弦比无人机能否实现上舰进行了起飞仿真分析。首先对无人机的模型进行CFD计算,然后将得到的气动数据用于该无人机的起飞论证中,最后通过改变大展弦比无人机机翼的外形参数来改善飞机的气动性能,实现了满足迎角和下沉量要求下的舰载起飞。研究结果表明,通过调整机翼外形参数来改善升阻特性,可以实现舰载起飞,可为将来同类型的无人机上舰提供一定的借鉴和参考。     

双尾撑无人机气动数值计算

使用CFD计算流体力学软件对双尾撑无人机进行气动力数值计算,得到小迎角范围内的气动特性参数以及双尾撑无人机表面的压力、密度和来流速度分布情况。运用飞机工程经验计算方法对该无人机进行气动力计算,同时与数值计算结果进行比较分析,结果表明,数值计算方法能够合理的模拟低速流场流动,对无人机的气动布局分析具有重要作用,为下一步无人机的气动布局优化提供了有效的理论基础和参考。     

基于结构动网格的无人机地面效应研究

为了更好地分析地面效应对无人机气动特性的影响,采用一种新的结构动网格生成技术,运用CFD手段对某无人机的地面效应进行了研究。在一套静态网格CFD计算基础上,运用结构动网格生成技术,获得非定常的网格移动,得到一系列的不同攻角、地面效应高度的CFD网格及初始流场。在此基础上进行定常流场求解,计算得到地面效应的定常CFD结果。最后对某双尾撑布局无人机的地面效应进行了CFD计算研究,对相应的全机气动特性的影响进行了分析。计算结果表明：地面效应对平尾的影响大于对机翼的影响并使平尾的失速迎角提前;该方法是可行的,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

直升机机身大角度气动特性计算与试验相关性研究

计算直升机大角度飞行状态的飞行性能、品质和载荷需要大迎角和大侧滑角的机身气动特性数据作为设计输入,在直升机研制过程中,这些数据通常采用风洞试验和CFD计算的方法来获得。为了研究上述两种方法得到的气动特性数据之间的相关性,采用CFD方法计算了3种不同构型的直升机机身大角度状态的气动特性,并与风洞试验结果进行了对比分析。分析结果表明,CFD计算得到的大角度状态气动特性结果变化趋势与风洞试验结果一致,两者的差值在部分迎角或侧滑角时比较大,而两者的比值基本不随迎角或侧滑角的变化而变化。研究结果可为大角度状态气动特性CFD计算结果修正和CFD计算方法在直升机研制中的应用提供参考。     

桨叶变形对旋翼气动性能的影响分析

针对某型机桨叶出现大面积变形情况,本文通过计算评估,分析了其在旋翼气动性能方面的影响.首先采用三坐标测量仪测量了变形桨叶的外形数据,并与理论外形进行了对比,然后用Euler方程加附面层修正方法,计算了二维翼型气动性能的变化情况,进而采用二阶升力线方法分析桨叶变形对旋翼性能的影响,得到了一些有价值的结论.     

CFD在概念-初步设计阶段三维气动外形优化中的应用

在飞行器概念-初步设计阶段,建立基于CFD的气动优化链对于提高优化计算的效率具有较好的工程应用价值。使用德国宇航院开发的CPACS数据格式给出飞行器平面形状,结合NURBS翼型参数化方法对飞行器几何外形进行参数化;自动生成计算网格并求解Euler方程数值模拟流场以评估参数化气动外形的气动特性,进而构建响应面模型;使用SQP梯度算法搜索响应面模型以获取满足约束的最优解。以Onera M6机翼为例,对该优化链进行验证。结果表明:在满足约束的条件下,基于CFD的气动优化链能够成功地进行气动外形优化。     

第二代低阶面元法耦合自由尾迹计算旋翼桨叶气动载荷

采用第二代低阶面元法耦合自由尾迹预估修正法计算旋翼在轴流状态下的气动载荷。在计算中考虑桨叶的三维几何特性,采用矩形、三角形单位平面重构桨叶几何外形;桨叶尾迹采用全展尾迹,其中包括三圈自由尾迹(近尾迹)和四圈远尾迹;并利用桨叶翼型风洞试验数据对气动载荷进行粘性修正。通过和CFD方法进行对比分析,证明了所采用的计算方法的优点。     

基于总体布局参数的飞机静稳定性研究

基于飞机初步设计阶段所得到的总体布局参数,建立飞机气动导数数值模型,对亚声速静稳定性进行估算。最后对所建立的数值模型进行算例分析,并与计算流体动力学(CFD)方法所求的气动导数、实际飞行试验数据进行对比,结果表明,基于总体布局参数计算的气动导数方法快速、合理。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.