开放式飞机总体设计环境的原型研究

 为综合集成飞机总体设计过程中所使用的各种设计分析工具以更大程度地发掘软件资源的技术价值、提高设计质量和设计效率,提出了采用开放式系统进行资源整合的方法。分析了飞机总体设计中软件应用所存在的问题及典型集成系统发展现状,定义了飞机总体设计中的模块、组件、子系统等功能实体单元及开放式系统架构的概念,并以此为基础设计了包含资源层、中间层、应用层和协同层4个层次的系统软件架构以及构建于网络之上的系统硬件架构体系。规划了系统集成与数据传输逻辑,提出了采用智能体进行飞机总体设计分析工具集成的途径,完成了包括组件自定义开发、方案设计和任务管理在内的各子系统构建逻辑并实现其正常运转。最后给出了基于系统开放式架构所形成的战斗飞机总体设计环境以说明系统集成的可行性及应用前景。     

基于虚拟样机的飞机总体设计环境的体系研究

提出了综合集成飞机总体设计过程中所使用的不同学科专业的各种设计分析工具、创建基于分布式技术的网络化飞机总体设计工作环境、利用虚拟样机进行飞机总体设计的概念。定义了应用于飞机总体设计过程中的虚拟样机的概念,并分析了它与数字样机、CIMS等概念之间的区别和联系。以此为基础确立了飞机总体虚拟样机设计环境的分布式系统体系,设计了系统的逻辑结构和框架,规划了设计环境中的工作流与数据流,完成了各种相关技术在系统开发中所处层次地位的分解,提出了利用智能体/代理进行飞机设计工具集成的途径,分析了基于虚拟样机的飞机总体设计模式。最终构建了设计环境的原型系统,实现其正常运转。     

NeoCASS: An integrated tool for structural sizing, aeroelastic analysis and MDO at conceptual design level

This paper presents a design framework called NeoCASS (Next generation Conceptual Aero-Structural Sizing Suite), developed at the Department of Aerospace Engineering of Politecnico di Milano in the frame of SimSAC (Simulating Aircraft Stability And Control Characteristics for Use in Conceptual Design) project, funded by EU in the context of 6th Framework Program. It enables the creation of efficient low-order, medium fidelity models particularly suitable for structural sizing, aeroelastic analysis and optimization at the conceptual design level.The whole methodology is based on the integration of geometry construction, aerodynamic and structural analysis codes that combine depictive, computational, analytical, and semi-empirical methods, validated in an aircraft design environment.The work here presented aims at including the airframe and its effect from the very beginning of the conceptual design. This aspect is usually not considered in this early phase. In most cases, very simplified formulas and datasheets are adopted, which implies a low level of detail and a poor accuracy. Through NeoCASS, a preliminar distribution of stiffness and inertias can be determined, given the initial layout. The adoption of empirical formulas is reduced to the minimum in favor of simple numerical methods. This allows to consider the aeroelastic behavior and performances, as well, improving the accuracy of the design tools during the iterative steps and lowering the development costs and reducing the time to market.The result achieved is a design tool based on computational methods for the aero-structural analysis and Multi-Disciplinary Optimization (MDO) of aircraft layouts at the conceptual design stage. A complete case study regarding the TransoniCRuiser aircraft, including validation of the results obtained using industrial standard tools like MSC/NASTRAN and a CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) code, is reported. As it will be shown, it is possible to improve the degree of fidelity of the conceptual design process by including tailored numerical tools, overcoming the lacks of statistical methods. The result is a method minimally dependent on datasheets, featuring a good compromise between accuracy and costs.     

载人航天 WiFi 头戴的设计与实现

空间站无线局域网是空间站通信网络的重要组成部分。 WiFi头戴是基于空间站无线局域网进行话音通信的一个重要应用,不仅可以为舱内航天员提供便捷的无线话音通信服务,还可以为航天员的出舱活动提供无线话音通信服务。研究和分析了空间站无线WiFi组网和应用的技术可行性,提出了一种适合于空间站使用的WiFi头戴的设计与实现方案。该方案采用现有的专用集成芯片,技术上支持802.11 n标准,性能指标先进,可以满足空间站无线话音通信的使用要求。     

Integration of Large Power Systems into Manned Space Stations

Essential design factors and system characteristics are explored for integration of large power systems into manned space stations. The impact of the type of power system selected upon the space station is outlined, as is the impact of the mission requirements upon the selection of power systems. Criteria for resolving the selection/application/ integration problems are provided. Comparisons between systems are based on recently defined space-station models for 90-day to five-year mission durations in the 1970' s, with four-to nine-man crews. Power systems encompass power levels from 3 to 50 kWe and include solar cell/battery. fuel cell, hybrid fuel cell/solar cell, radioisotope, and nuclear reactor systems. Thermoelectric, Brayton cycle, organic Rankine, and liquid-metal Rankine power conversion systems are considered for the nuclear energy sources. Both rigid and roll-out photovoltaic array configurations are analyzed with respect to the solar energy source.     

集成化工艺设计图象编程智能系统研究

 对系统的智能模型,采用了规划原理和概念模拟方法描述系统的行为和知识;引入了加工特征单元的概念,认为零件是由一组加工特征单元构成的;研究了加工特征单元的表示模式、定义及其识别算法;研究了机床库、刀具库、切削数据库、加工方法的概念模型,详细地分析了加工方法、刀具、切削数据、机床选择的促成因素,并建立了它们的推理模型。     

遥测接收站火焰衰减计算模型及应用

火焰衰减是运载火箭遥测系统设计及地面测站布站须重点考虑的问题.以火焰衰减对遥测地面站接收信号的影响为出发点,推导了火焰夹角与测站位置及火箭俯仰角之间的数学关系式,在此基础上依据已有的火焰夹角与火焰衰减关系模型,设计了理论弹道全程中地面测站火焰衰减量的计算程序.以某型遥测设备的接收信道链路为依据,在实际任务中对火焰衰减模型进行验证,结果证实模型具有一定的准确性,并在此基础上分析火焰衰减对遥测地面站某型变频器参数设置的影响,确定了实际任务中更加合理的变频器参数.     

Modeling and simulating aircraft stability and control—The SimSAC project

This paper overviews the SimSAC Project, Simulating Aircraft Stability And Control Characteristics for Use in Conceptual Design. It reports on the three major tasks: development of design software, validating the software on benchmark tests and applying the software to design exercises. CEASIOM, the Computerized Environment for Aircraft Synthesis and Integrated Optimization Methods, is a framework tool that integrates discipline-specific tools for conceptual design. At this early stage of the design it is very useful to be able to predict the flying and handling qualities of this design. In order to do this, the aerodynamic database needs to be computed for the configuration being studied, which then has to be coupled to the stability and control tools to carry out the analysis. The benchmarks for validation are the F12 windtunnel model of a generic long-range airliner and the TCR windtunnel model of a sonic-cruise passenger transport concept. The design, simulate and evaluate (DSE) exercise demonstrates how the software works as a design tool. The exercise begins with a design specification and uses conventional design methods to prescribe a baseline configuration. Then CEASIOM improves upon this baseline by analyzing its flying and handling qualities. Six such exercises are presented.     

快速响应侦察的测控通信与地面站布设研究

快速响应侦察是空间快速响应技术的一个重要应用,而合理布设地面站以保障侦察卫星的发射测控和快速数据回收是侦察任务顺利完成的基础。通过分析近地快速覆盖轨道和近地重复覆盖轨道的对地覆盖特性,针对发射测控和快速数据回收提出了地面站的布设原则,结合我国领土特点给出了这2类轨道的地面站布设方案,并求解了该方案所能提供的发射测控弧段长度和侦察数据返回时间。分析表明,在我国境内布设地面站以保障快速响应侦察卫星的发射测控和快速数据回收是可行的,其数据返回时间小于1个轨道周期。     

Material optimization: bridging the gap between conceptual and preliminary design

This paper presents a collection of tools for conceptual structure design. The underlying model is the ‘free material optimization’ problem. This problem gives the best physically attainable material and is considered as a generalization of the sizing/shape optimization problem. The method is supported by powerful optimization and numerical techniques, which allow us to work with bodies of complex initial design and with very fine finite-element meshes. The computed results are realized by composite materials. We consider a particular class of fibre-reinforced composite materials, manufactured by the so-called tape-laying technology. In the post-processing phase, stress/strain-trajectories are plotted which indicate how to place these tapes; they also show the proposed thickness of the tapes. Several examples demonstrate the efficiency of this approach to conceptual design of engineering structures.     

天/地基多平台空间目标光电观测时效性分析

针对如何部署光学探测设备才能更好实现对空间目标的高精度高频度监视问题,考虑光照条件、相对关系及探测性能,构建了天/地基空间目标探测与成像仿真模型;按照轨道特征选取了94颗LEO（Low Earth Orbit,低地球轨道）卫星、63颗GEO（Geosynchronous Earth Orbit,地球同步轨道）卫星和18颗大椭圆轨道卫星,选用春夏秋冬典型季节的特定时间长度,仿真分析了国内地基、南北极科考站、LEO卫星、准GEO卫星等多平台光电手段的位置探测和成像观测能力;比对分析地基平台纬度和季节、天基平台轨道高度和倾角对探测能力的影响得出：南北极科考站相比于国内站点可提高重点季节的探测时效性,98°倾角LEO平台对低轨目标成像时效性方面更具优势,等.在此基础上,提出了我国空间目标光电观测设备天地一体的布局构想.     

四元数在伴随卫星姿态控制中的应用

针对传统的欧拉角方法不适用于航天器大幅度姿态机动运动的数值仿真。研究了用四元 空间站伴随卫星的姿态控制问题。介绍了空间站伴随卫星的概念及任务;根据航天器动力学方程,利用李雅普诺夫直接法推导出用四元数表示的空间站伴随卫星姿态控制律,并对该控制律进行了仿真计算,仿真结果表明,所推导的控制律能对空间站伴随卫星进行准确、快速的姿态控制。     

Active Control Law Design for Flutter/LCO Suppression Based on Reduced Order Model Method

 Active stability augmentation system is an attractive and promising technology to suppress flutter and limit cycle oscillation (LCO). In order to design a good active control law, the control plant model with low order and high accuracy must be pro-vided, which is one of the most important key points. The traditional model is based on low fidelity aerodynamics model such as panel method, which is unsuitable for transonic flight regime. The physics-based high fidelity tools, reduced order model (ROM) and CFD/CSD coupled aeroservoelastic solver are used to design the active control law. The Volterra/ROM is applied to constructing the low order state space model for the nonlinear unsteady aerodynamics and static output feedback method is used to active control law design. The detail of the new method is demonstrated by the Goland+ wing/store system. The simu-lation results show that the effectiveness of the designed active augmentation system, which can suppress the flutter and LCO successfully.     

我国深空探测地面站发射机的发展及展望

随着深空探测任务的发展,对地面站发射机输出功率有了越来越高的要求.在讨论了测控系统地面站发射机的国内外发展现状和应用趋势的基础上,重点分析了未来我国发射机的主要发展方向和趋势,并对其中的关键技术进行了详细描述;提出了我国未来发展深空探测地面站发射机应该开展关键技术、关键元器件或零部件的研究工作,以及一些技术发展方向性的理论研究的建议,为我国深空探测技术的发展提供了参考.     

民用飞机气动布局发展演变及其技术影响因素

在民用飞机气动布局发展演变的历程中,技术因素是根本推动力。为了研究未来民机的发展方向、技术需求以及应对策略,在回顾民机气动布局发展历程的基础上,梳理了在现代民机气动布局形成与演变过程中有着重要影响的4大类技术因素:航空发动机、气动设计、结构设计、飞行控制,并且揭示了这些技术因素在民机发展及其气动布局演变中所发挥的作用。结合未来航空运输市场出现的新需求,分析了未来民机的主要发展方向,重点分析了未来非常规布局民机可能采用的翼身融合、双气泡机身、支撑翼以及联结翼等气动布局形式。最后探讨了新技术条件下民用飞机发展在技术方面的需求和挑战,以及未来民用飞机总体设计的技术策略,明确了多学科设计优化是满足未来民机总体设计需求的有效技术途径。     

布站方式对基于TDOA的干扰源定位影响分析

介绍了到达时间差(TDOA)算法的基本原理,并分析了定位存在模糊解区域和无解区域的原因.对二维不同布站条件下的模糊解区域进行仿真,得到了不同角度、不同基线长度布站方式下的模糊解区域分布,总结了布站方式对二维模糊解区域分布的影响.基于TDOA的几何精度因子(GDOP)方法分析了基线长度和布站形状对定位精度的影响,在四站三...     

导航辅助下基于LAS码的天基多目标测控

中继卫星的天基测控是解决中低轨道航天器大范围、长时间、多目标测控的有效途径,但用户星到中继卫星的时延误差、多普勒频移校正误差等参数会对多目标测控带来干扰。针对该问题,首先分析了定位误差引起的时延误差、多普勒频移校正误差等因素,设计了天基多目标前向链路遥控SMA(S-band Multiple Access,S频段多址)信号形式和反向遥测链路SMA信号形式,选择与时延校正误差相匹配的LAS(Large Area Synchronous,大区域同步)码作为反向遥测信息的扩频码,建立了导航辅助的终端时延和频率预校正方案模型,可以有效消除多用户干扰。仿真表明,当Eb/N0≥10.5dB时,前向遥控信息误码率pe≤1×10~(-6),反向遥测信息误码率pe≤1×10~(-6),使用LAS码比Gold序列约有2dB性能改善,为基于我国天链卫星的中低轨道卫星稳定运行、载人航天交会对接以及后续空间站建设等任务的测控提供重要参考。     

基于遗传算法的起落架布局设计技术

起落架布局是飞机概念设计阶段十分重要的一环。本文基于遗传算法原理进行起落架布局设计,利用设计中的限制条件和设计经验,确定起落架布局参数的设计空间,通过遗传算法的并行计算,依据目标函数快速高效地确定起落架布局设计的最优方案。     

星载平面可展天线支撑桁架的结构效率优化

针对折展结构性能存在多指标且这些指标之间又相互制约的特点,把结构效率引入到可展结构的优化设计中,应用多因素正交试验法对一种空间可展开平板天线支撑桁架的优化问题进行了研究。对其关键几何设计参数进行了分析,建立了桁架结构的优化数学模型,以结构效率最大化作为优化目标,对可展桁架进行了结构优化,得到了支撑桁架各杆件的设计参数。结果表明:结构效率综合考虑了质量和刚度的影响,使结构质量和刚度同时得到优化;长宽比(l/w)是影响可展桁架结构性能的主要因素,对不同优化目标产生影响的次要因素有所不同;截面积对结构效率影响不显著(置信度p=90%),在相同杆长参数配置下,等截面可展桁架的结构效率仅次于变截面方案,但工程经济性最佳。该研究方法有助于在概念设计阶段从系统设计的角度进行空间桁架结构的快速设计与优化。     

Cognitive Graphical Additions to the Interfaces of Command Measurement Systems for Aerospace Application

The methods of cognitive graphical information presentation are considered to support decision-making in earth stations of command measurement systems. The work is performed on transforming telemetric data, readings of the sensors of space module and earth station into visual images.