Maritime border control multisensor system

This focuses on the classification task performed into a multi-sensor system for the coastal surveillance. The system is composed of two platforms of sensors: a land-based platform equipped with a land based radar, an Automatic Identification System (AIS) and an infrared camera (IR); an airborne platform carrying an airborne radar that can operate in a spotlight Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) mode, a video camera, and a second IR camera. The tasks performed by the system are the detection, tracking, identification, and classification of multiple targets, the evaluation of their threat level, and the selection of an intervention on them. The classification algorithm implemented inside the system exploits an analytical approach based on the confusion matrix (CM) of the imaging sensors that belong to the system. Some measures of effectiveness (MoE) of the system are evaluated, considering both cases where an ideal error-free classification process and a non-ideal classification process are performed.     

System Worth, System Effectiveness, Integrated Logistics Support, and Maintainability

The system worth or cost effectiveness concept covers the measure of a system in terms of total dollar value. System worth encompasses the elements of system effectiveness (a quantitative measure of a system's technical ability) as well as cost. One of the elements of system effectiveness is maintainability. Maintainability is an effective mechanism for the accomplishment of planned maintenance during the early design and development phases of a system. Planned maintenance is an element of integrated logistics support. The intent of this paper is to outline the basic elements associated with system worth, system effectiveness, and integrated logistics support, to outline the interrelation-ships of these concepts, and to cover the discipline of maintainability as an element of each concept.     

基于贡献度模型方法对空中交通管制中心系统的效能评估

 空中交通管制(ATC)中心系统的效能变化,直接影响到管制员的工作负荷和管制中心所辖空域的交通容量,是ATC系统的关键运行指标。基于系统行为表现的效能概念框架,采用系统效能分析的贡献度模型方法,对ATC中心系统的运行环境和工作过程进行了建模分析,构建了一个由9个外部环境变量和50个内部单元变量构成的ATC中心系统行为关系模型。通过采集系统专家和管制人员对外部信息贡献度和内部功能关键度的等级判断,计算生成了反映系统内外因素变化对系统效能影响的系统效能贡献度模型,并利用该模型对一个实际运行的ATC中心系统进行了效能分析评估,初步揭示了ATC中心系统效能变化的特点和规律。评估结果与运行专家对系统效能的经验判断具有较高的吻合度,验证了所创建的ATC中心系统效能贡献度模型及其分析方法的合理性。     

Decoupling and tracking control of induction motor drive

This work introduces an adaptive observation system and a robust control system for achieving the favorable decoupling control and high-precision speed tracking property of an induction motor (IM) drive system. First, an adaptive observation system with an inverse rotor time-constant observer is derived on the basis of model reference adaptive system (MRAS) theory to preserve the decoupling control characteristic of an indirect field-oriented IM drive. The adaptive observation system is implemented using a digital signal processor (DSP) with a high sampling rate to make it possible to achieve good dynamics. Moreover, a robust control system is developed based on the principle of computed torque control. In the robust control system, a grey uncertainty predictor is utilized to adapt the lumped uncertainty on line to relax the requirement of the lumped uncertainty in the design of a computed torque speed controller. In addition, the effectiveness of the proposed observation and control systems is verified by simulated and experimental results.     

Maritime border control computer simulation

This work describes a computer simulator for an integrated Command and Control (C2) multi-sensor system acting in a maritime border control scenario. The analyzed system is composed of two platforms of multiple sensors: a land-based platform, equipped with a Vessel Traffic System (VTS) radar, an Infrared camera (IR), and an Automatic Identification System (AIS); an airborne platform, carrying an Airborne Early Warning Radar (AEWR) and an III camera. The mission of the system is the detection, tracking, and identification of multiple naval targets inside a sea region, their threat level evaluation, and the selection of an intervention against possible threat targets, in order to inspect their nature. The Measures of Effectiveness (MoE) of the integrated system are evaluated, i.e., the system performance during the detection, the threat evaluation process, and the intervention.     

事故与熵—事故发生可能性计算的新方法

本文从熵增加的观点描述了事故的本质,剖析了人机系统的实质与特性,提出了风险熵与事故势的概念,给出了计算风险熵与故事势的方法.结果表明,系统具有二重性.在系统运行期间,系统具有封闭体系的特性;在休整期间.系统具有开放体系的特性.事故是运行系统的必然发展趋势,是一种自发过程,是运行系统的固有属性.由于在系统熵增的过程中信息与能量的交换,所以可以把事故定义为系统熵增加的结果.避免事故发生的原理是不断向系统输入信息或负熵以抵消系统内部的熵增加.     

大气数据-惯性组合导航系统

大气数据-惯性组合导航系统的原理框图如图1所示。该系统包含低精度惯导系统、大气数据计算机、磁感应式航向传感器、卡尔曼滤波器及控制器等部分。系统有两种工作方式。第一种工作方式中,开关S_1和S_2均闭合。第二种工作方式中,仅S_1闭合,磁航向只用于惯导系统的方位粗对准,惯性平台航向用于分解真空速向量。本文研究系统在第二种工作方式中的性能。     

飞行器智能柔性工装无线控制系统

用于飞行器大型薄壁件加工的智能柔性工装系统由数十个甚至上百个定位/支撑单元构成,每一单元又是复杂的机、电、液、气一体化系统,需在运动中与外界实时通信获取上位机指令同时反馈内部状态信息。对于这种由众多运动子系统构成的复杂大系统的网络化控制需求,若采用传统的有线控制方案不仅成本高而且难以实现,而本文提出的无线通信与有线网络相结合的网络化分布式递阶控制系统却为解决这一难题提供了新的途径。重点介绍了该系统的总体结构和无线主控子系统、网络化协调控制子系统、分布式执行控制子系统等核心环节的硬件电路和软件实现技术,并给出了相关问题的解决方案。实验结果表明,该系统具有较高的稳定性、可靠性和鲁棒性,有效解决了大规模运动通信和分布式控制问题,可很好满足项目的总体要求。     

带FDI算法的无人机组合导航姿态确定控制系统设计

无人机导航系统的作用是提供导航数据给飞控计算机作为制导和控制用,因为飞控计算机的性能在很大程度上依赖于导航数据,导航系统的某一个错误可能会导致整个无人机的失败,因此,导航系统应具有故障检测和隔离(FDI)算法,介绍了一种用于无人机导航的FDI和低成本的组合导航系统,硬件包括低成本商业用MEMSIMU、GPS接收器、磁力计和导航计算机,软件包括带FDI算法的卡尔曼滤波。     

基于贝叶斯网络的多状态机载系统安全性评估方法

传统的安全性评估方法不适用于具有多状态属性的现代机载系统。根据系统与系统组成单元之间的状态关系,构建了基于贝叶斯网络的机载系统多状态安全性模型;运用通用生成函数给出了贝叶斯网络非根节点的条件概率表,基于变量消元法提出了系统失效状态发生概率计算方法,推导了系统组成单元重要度算法。结合某型飞机副翼控制系统给出了应用实例。结果表明,方法为解决多状态机载系统的安全性评估问题提供了一种简洁直观的方法,能够有效评估机载系统的安全性水平,确定各单元对系统安全性中的影响。     

载人航天器推进系统健康监测的组件技术研究

为了适应载人航天器推进系统多发动机的分布式结构,提高健康监测系统的可靠性,应用组件技术构造了分布式多智能组件集成的健康监测系统,给出了组件之间的协调修正和决策算法。原型系统仿真结果表明,该技术比传统的面向对象（ＯＯＰ）技术更适用于分布式系统,可应用于载人航天器推进系统的健康监测。     

Modeling of reliability and performance assessment of a dissimilar redundancy actuation system with failure monitoring

Actuation system is a vital system in an aircraft, providing the force necessary to move flight control surfaces. The system has a significant influence on the overall aircraft performance and its safety. In order to further increase already high reliability and safety, Airbus has imple-mented a dissimilar redundancy actuation system (DRAS) in its aircraft. The DRAS consists of a hydraulic actuation system (HAS) and an electro-hydrostatic actuation system (EHAS), in which the HAS utilizes a hydraulic source (HS) to move the control surface and the EHAS utilizes an elec-trical supply (ES) to provide the motion force. This paper focuses on the performance degradation processes and fault monitoring strategies of the DRAS, establishes its reliability model based on the generalized stochastic Petri nets (GSPN), and carries out a reliability assessment considering the fault monitoring coverage rate and the false alarm rate. The results indicate that the proposed reli-ability model of the DRAS, considering the fault monitoring, can express its fault logical relation and redundancy degradation process and identify potential safety hazards.     

基于AADL的航空电子系统安全性分析

AADL是一种描述嵌入式实时系统的软硬件结构、安全性、可靠性等关键性能特性的重要手段,目前已广泛应用于基于ARINC653的综合化航电系统。安全性作为综合化航电系统的关键性能之一,已成为需要解决的重要问题。详细阐述了基于AADL的航空电子系统安全性分析的原理,并给出了一种可行的航空电子系统安全性分析的设计和实现方案,为航空电子系统安全性的设计提供了一种验证方法。     

空间发动机羽流场的试验研究

为研究空间发动机羽流对卫星的影响,建立羽流污染预报系统,研制了一套羽流试验系统并进行了试验研究.试验台主要包括空间环境模拟系统,电热气体发动机,稳压气源,轴向和径向移动装置,测量系统和温控系统.系统可在满足10-3Pa量级的真空压力和93±5K的背景温度下稳定运行和精确测量.本文完成了表征羽流特征的关键参数-压力场的测量.同时采用CFD和DSMC相结合的方法进行羽流场的数值模拟计算.测量数据与数值计算结果以及相似试验条件下Boyd等人的测量结果进行了对比.     

Numerical simulation of a cabin ventilation subsystem in a space station oriented real-time system

An environment control and life support system(ECLSS) is an important system in a space station. The ECLSS is a typical complex system, and the real-time simulation technology can help to accelerate its research process by using distributed hardware in a loop simulation system. An implicit fixed time step numerical integration method is recommended for a real-time simulation system with time-varying parameters. However, its computational efficiency is too low to satisfy the real-time data interaction, especially for the complex ECLSS system running on a PC cluster. The instability problem of an explicit method strongly limits its application in the ECLSS real-time simulation although it has a high computational efficiency. This paper proposes an improved numerical simulation method to overcome the instability problem based on the explicit Euler method. A temperature and humidity control subsystem(THCS) is firstly established, and its numerical stability is analyzed by using the eigenvalue estimation theory. Furthermore, an adaptive operator is proposed to avoid the potential instability problem. The stability and accuracy of the proposed method are investigated carefully. Simulation results show that this proposed method can provide a good way for some complex time-variant systems to run their real-time simulation on a PC cluster.     

All terrain ground collision avoidance and maneuvering terrainfollowing for automated low level night attack

The development of an all-terrain ground collision avoidance system (GCAS) in conjunction with a maneuvering terrain-following (TF) system is discussed. Both systems use a digital terrain database. These systems are presented concurrently because of their complementary mission role. The unprecedented pilot interaction available with the automatic systems provides a means to improve combat survivability significantly. The pilot is able to execute high rate turns, evasive maneuvers, and inverted ridge crossings while following the terrain contour. Safety is maintained in day, night and weather by the GCAS. The combination of these systems with an automated attack system, automatic target handoff system, night vision system, and a route planner to provide a lethal night attack capability is examined. Piloted simulation and preliminary flight test results are presented     

战术飞行实时轨迹优化系统设计

介绍了在所开发的“战术飞行轨迹优化系统”中采用的轨迹优化方法－启发式搜索算法的改进方案。为了加快搜索速度，建立了专家系统，介绍了专家系统的规则。为了验证方法的有效性，建立了基于局域网的地面实时仿真系统，详细介绍了专家系统的设计。仿真计算结果表明，所开发的飞行轨迹优化系统是可行的。     

飞机下滑波束导引系统设计及仿真

下滑波束导引系统是飞机在自动着陆时所采用的一种重要无线电波束导引系统。首先,简要阐述了下滑波束导引系统的基本工作原理;然后,对导引系统的运动学环节及下滑耦合器进行分析,对飞机下滑波束导引系统结构进行设计;最后,在MATLAB平台下,对所设计的下滑波束导引系统进行大量仿真研究。仿真结果显示。所设计的下滑波束导引系统结构是合理的,其控制系统是稳定的,且其稳态性能也得到改善。     

High accuracy navigation and landing system using GPS/IMU systemintegration

In this paper, the accuracy, integrity and continuity of function requirements for automatic landing systems using satellite navigation systems are discussed. Such a landing system is the integrated navigation and landing system (INLS) developed by Deutsche Aerospace (DASA/Ulm, Germany). The system concepts of the INLS are presented. It is shown how an INLS, based on system integration of a satellite navigation system (e.g., GPS) in realtime differential mode with an inertial measurement unit (IMU) in the accuracy class of an attitude and heading reference system (AHRS), can meet the requirements: the results given are mainly devoted to the accuracy issues. Using Kalman filter techniques, an in-flight calibration of the IMU is performed. The advantage of system integration, especially in dynamic flight conditions and during phases of flight with satellite masking, is explained. The accuracy, integrity and continuity of function of the INLS were proven by means of flight tests in a commuter aircraft using a laser tracker as a reference. These flight tests have shown that the short-term accuracy (<60 seconds) of the AHRS used within the INLS has been improved from low cost sensor quality to the accuracy of a high quality laser inertial navigation system (LNIS). With the presented INLS, a landing at any airfield, not equipped with conventional Instrument Landing System (ILS) or Microwave Landing System (MLS), is possible by using a very cost effective system. The INLS is a high accuracy navigation and landing system designed to be used instead of conventional landing systems at small airfields and to fill operational gaps of conventional navigation and landing systems in cruise and approach on large airports     

Multi-parameter decoupling and slope tracking control strategy of a large-scale high altitude environment simulation test cabin

A large-scale high altitude environment simulation test cabin was developed to accurately control temperatures and pressures encountered at high altitudes. The system was developed to provide slope-tracking dynamic control of the temperature–pressure two-parameter and overcome the control difficulties inherent to a large inertia lag link with a complex control system which is composed of turbine refrigeration device, vacuum device and liquid nitrogen cooling device. The system includes multi-parameter decoupling of the cabin itself to avoid equipment damage of air refrigeration turbine caused by improper operation. Based on analysis of the dynamic characteristics and modeling for variations in temperature, pressure and rotation speed, an intelligent controller was implemented that includes decoupling and fuzzy arithmetic combined with an expert PID controller to control test parameters by decoupling and slope tracking control strategy. The control system employed centralized management in an open industrial ethernet architecture with an industrial computer at the core. The simulation and field debugging and running results show that this method can solve the problems of a poor anti-interference performance typical for a conventional PID and overshooting that can readily damage equipment. The steady-state characteristics meet the system requirements.