HRR Detector for Slow-Moving Targets in Sea Clutter

The radar detection of targets in the presence of sea clutter has historically relied upon the radial velocity of targets with respect to the radar platform either by exploiting the relative target Dopplers (for targets with sufficient radial velocity) or by discerning the paths targets traverse from scan to scan. For targets with little to no radial velocity component, though, it can become quite difficult to differentiate targets from the surrounding sea clutter. This paper addresses the detection of slow-moving targets in sea clutter using a high resolution radar (HRR) such that the target has perceptible extent in range. Under the assumption of completely random sea clutter spikes based on an epsiv-contaminated mixture model with the signal and clutter powers known, optimal detection performance results from using the likelihood ratio test (LRT). However, for realistic sea clutter, the clutter spikes tend to be a localized phenomenon. Based upon observations from real radar data measurements, a heuristic approach exploiting a salient aspect of the idealized LRT is developed which is shown to perform well when applied to real measured sea clutter.     

利用脉组间频率步进信号合成UWB距离像及类MUSIC法对速度的高分辨估计(英文)

提出一种称为类多信号分类(CMUSIC)的方法,其利用脉组间频率步进信号,在具有M个脉冲的脉冲串(子带,即窄带)中高分辨估计径向速度。利用此速度估计值补偿距离-多普勒耦合和多普勒色散后,对跨子带进行快速傅里叶变换则可获得合成超宽带高分辨距离像。和其他方法相比,CMUSIC在低信噪比时具有较好的速度估计性能。当M大于具有不同径向速度的目标个数Q时,该方法在小M值下依然有优越的速度估计性能。此外,经过径向速度解模糊后,该方法适应高径向速度运动的目标。随着国防技术的突飞猛进地发展以及高速先进飞行器的涌现,这具有重要的实际价值。仿真结果验证了该方法的可行及有效性。     

Track-While-Scan Algorithm in a Clutter Environment

A track-while scan (TWS) algorithm is developed for targets in a clutter environment. The problem has been studied using only the position measurements [1, 5-8], but the simulation results have not been satisfactory. Modern processing techniques (FFT processor) ) in air traffic control and surveillance radar receivers provide both position and radial velocity. The radial velocity measurement may be conveniently used in the target-track correlation process, which will reduce the association ambiguity in the clutter environment. t. In the clear environment the algorithm using the position and radial velocity measurements has been treated in [3, 4]. A TWS algorithm, using both position and radial velocity measurements for targets in a clutter environment, is presented here. The algorithm obtained is nonlinear and adaptive. In order to evaluate the improvement due to radial velocity measurement a simulation has been performed on a digital computer. The algorithm was run with and without radial velocity measurements to compare its performances. An improvement was noted especially when the target path included an accelerated portion.     

基于LDV技术的螺旋桨尾涡测试

对螺旋桨尾流场LDV（Laser Doppler Velocimeter）测试数据进行了详细的分析,比较了均匀来流下螺旋桨尾流中两个横断面上的流动信息,以及同一横断面上不同半径处轴向、径向速度沿周向的分布,试验数据不仅显示了尾流场宏观流动现象,而且也清晰的显示了诸如在周向仅有8°跨越的速度突变等微观流动信息,数据分析显示试验结果与理论分析比较吻合。试验所获得的定量信息可以为尾流场复杂流动现象的揭示、螺旋桨非定常性能的预报以及螺旋桨设计提供参考。     

Multiradar Tracking System Using Radial Velocity Measurements

Multiradar tracking using both position and radial velocity measurements is discussed. The measurement of two or more different radial velocity components allows the calculation of rectangular velocity components. The measurement noise of the velocity components is filtered using a Kalman filter in the same way as the Cartesian position components. Before the conversion of velocity components from radial to Cartesian coordinates, the radial velocities are aligned on a time scale to account for the time shift of the radar measurements. In order to compare multiradar tracking system performance with and without radial velocity, some simulation tests have been performed for typical paths. The simulation results show a significant improvement when radial velocity is used for tracking.     

利用分数阶Fourier域滤波的机载SAR多运动目标检测

 强度相差较大的多运动目标检测是机载合成孔径雷达 ( SAR)技术的一个重点和难点,传统的频域滤波和现代的时频分布方法都无法解决这个问题。首先分析了机载 SAR运动目标回波本质上为线性调频信号,据此提出一种基于分数阶 Fourier域滤波的运动目标检测新方法,并且应用逐次消去的思想有效地解决了强度相差较大的多目标检测问题。仿真的结果验证了算法的有效性。     

Simultaneous ISAR imaging of group targets flying in formation

This paper proposes a novel inverse synthetic aperture radar(ISAR) imaging method based on second-order keystone transform(KT) and Sandglass transform for group targets flying in a formation with constant accelerated rectilinear motion in the same radar beam. First, range curvature and range walk of each sub-target among group targets are corrected by the second-order KT combined with the quadratic phase term compensation. After range alignment, the signals in each range frequency cell can be modelled as multiple chirp signals and then the Sandglass transform is utilized to cross-range imaging, which transforms the time–frequency distribution of the signals in each range frequency cell into beelines parallel to the slow time axis simultaneously. Finally, cross-range profiles of group targets in each range frequency cell are obtained via a projection of the perk of every scatterer in the two-dimensional accumulation plane onto the frequency axis. The advantage of the proposed method is that it can align range profiles of each sub-target simultaneously and image cross-range profiles directly without separating the returned signals, which simplifies the operation procedure. Simulation results are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

快速声散射方法在变截面管道中的应用

 快速声散射方法(FSM)是一种基于无流动Helmholtz方程边值问题的声散射预测工具,具有快速、灵活的特点.以航空发动机消声短舱的声学设计为背景,用该方法对变截面管道声传播特性进行数值模拟研究,用直接边界元方法(DBEM)进行数值求解,避免了求解管口反射系数,有效地提高了计算速度.数值研究了刚性壁面和不同位置壁面声衬组合对变截面圆环管道形状声传播的影响,并分析了管道厚度对散射声场的影响,数值结果与声类比方法结果进行了相互验证.最后,还对一种真实转子声源进行了管道声散射的数值研究,结果表明本方法在航空发动机声学设计中具有工程应用价值.     

Novel Approach for ISAR Image Cross-Range Scaling

Inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging systems produce electromagnetic images of targets in the range-Doppler domain. In order to rescale the image in a homogeneous range-cross range domain (meters by meters), the modulus of the target effective rotation vector must be known. Although in some cases it can be retrieved by means of ancillary data, in most cases the modulus of the target effective rotation vector must be estimated. A blind technique is proposed for estimating the modulus of the target effective rotation vector that exploits information carried by the chirp rate of scattering centres. A technique based on image segmentation, local polynomial Fourier transform (LPFT), and image contrast (IC) maximisation is used in order to extract the scattering centres and estimate their chirp rate. Simulated and real data analyses are provided to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

基于修正Rife算法的脉冲回波相参积累算法

针对目标径向运动导致回波在波门内出现距离走动的情况,提出了一种针对径向匀速运动目标回波信号长时间相参积累的方法。该方法根据傅里叶变换的时移性质——不同时刻回波频谱相关序列的频率包含了各回波到达的时间延迟,通过修正Rife算法估计此时间延迟,最终确定并补偿各个回波的距离走动分量。仿真结果表明:提出的方法可以有效补偿各回波间的距离走动;信噪比低至-6dB时,算法的性能即可达到最优;补偿后积累信号的信噪比可以达到理想积累情况下的93%。     

Natural Resonances of Radar Targets Via Prony's Method and Target Discrimination

The dominant complex natural resonances of radar targets are obtained via Prony's method applied to calculated and measured back-scattered ramp response waveforms. Subject targets are spheres, simple wire models of straight and swept wing aircraft, and realistic models of modern fighter aircraft. It is demonstrated that when the backscattered ramp response waveforms are obtained via Fourier synthesis of limited spectral range harmonic scattering data, some resonance locations at variance with those obtained from reaction integral equation search procedures are obtained. It is also shown, however, that the Prony deduced resonances can be used successfully in predictor-correlator target discrimination.     

A chirp scaling approach for processing squint mode SAR data

Image formation from squint mode synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is limited by image degradations caused by neglecting the range-variant filtering required by secondary range compression (SRC). Introduced here is a nonlinear FM chirp scaling, an extension of the chirp scaling algorithm, as an efficient and accurate approach to range variant SRC. Two methods of implementing the approach are described. The nonlinear FM filtering method is more accurate but adds a filtering step to the chirp scaling algorithm, although the extra computation is less than that of a time domain residual compression filter. The nonlinear FM pulse method consists of changing the phase modulation of the transmitted pulse, thus avoiding an increase in computation. Simulations show both methods significantly improve resolution width and sidelobe level, compared with existing SAR processors for squint angles above 10 deg for L-band and 20 deg for C-band     

基于Chebyshev正交分解的曲线运动轨迹SAR的Chirp Scaling算法

针对具有三维速度和加速度的曲线运动轨迹合成孔径雷达（SAR），传统的斜距模型无法精确描述其运动特性，曲线历程增加了距离走动现象和方位向时间的高次项，使二维耦合现象更为复杂。本文提出了一种考虑载体平台三维速度和加速度的Chirp Scaling算法以解决曲线运动轨迹SAR成像问题。首先根据运动方程建立斜距表达式，然后对其进行Chebyshev近似，并构造其等效双曲方程形式的斜距模型，推导了具有空变性的距离徙动函数，Chirp Scaling因子以及适用于曲线轨迹的Chirp Scaling成像算法。仿真结果证实了此扩展的等效斜距模型和Chirp Scaling算法在大合成孔径时间下的有效性，并给出了三维加速度的边界值。     

Hardware-in-the-loop simulation technology of wide-band radar targets based on scattering center model

Hardware-in-the-loop(HWIL) simulation technology can verify and evaluate the radar by simulating the radio frequency environment in an anechoic chamber. The HWIL simulation technology of wide-band radar targets can accurately generate wide-band radar target echo which stands for the radar target scattering characteristics and pulse modulation of radar transmitting signal. This paper analyzes the wide-band radar target scattering properties first. Since the responses of target are composed of many separate scattering centers, the target scattering characteristic is restructured by scattering centers model. Based on the scattering centers model of wide-band radar target, the wide-band radar target echo modeling and the simulation method are discussed. The wide-band radar target echo is reconstructed in real-time by convoluting the transmitting signal to the target scattering parameters. Using the digital radio frequency memory(DRFM) system,the HWIL simulation of wide-band radar target echo with high accuracy can be actualized. A typical wide-band radar target simulation is taken to demonstrate the preferable simulation effect of the reconstruction method of wide-band radar target echo. Finally, the radar target time-domain echo and high-resolution range profile(HRRP) are given. The results show that the HWIL simulation gives a high-resolution range distribution of wide-band radar target scattering centers.     

Detecting moving targets in SAR imagery by focusing

A new method for detecting moving targets in a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image is presented. It involves segmenting a complex-valued SAR image into patches, focusing each patch separately, and measuring the sharpness increase in the focused patch. The algorithm is sensitive to azimuth velocities and is exquisitely sensitive to radial accelerations of the target, allowing it to detect motion in any direction. It is complementary to conventional Doppler-sensing moving target indicators, which can sense only the radial velocity of rapidly moving targets.     

基于多普勒变化率的机载单站短基线测距方法

已有的分析表明,通过对多普勒频移变化率方程的近似处理即能实现仅基于多普勒频移测量的机载单站测距。在此基础上,本文进一步研究了在机载单站探测平台上,利用一个短基线二单元阵列实现实时测算载机与目标间径向距离的方法,其中所需解决的最主要问题是对时差值的测算。研究表明,只需将路程差看成是基线长度的投影,并等效成是在径向方向上载机以径向速度移动所产生的,即能获得可使测距结果和理论值相吻合的时差值。     

变截面风扇管道快速声散射计算

针对航空发动机消声短舱声学设计的需要,发展了一种结合快速声散射和直接边界元计算发动机远场声散射的方法,用于计算包含了壁面声阻抗影响的复杂截面管道声散射问题.应用该方法针对某风扇实验台进行了管道消声的数值模拟,得到了远场声散射结果,进行了声衬声阻抗影响的计算,并通过与文献结果的对比表明该方法具有工程应用价值.      

Clutter Suppression by Complex Weighting of Coherent Pulse Trains

Uniform coherent pulse trains offer a practical solution to the problem of designing a radar signal possessing both high range and range-rate resolution. The Doppler sensitivity provides some rejection of off-Doppler (clutter) returns in the matched filter receiver. This paper considers the use of a processor in which members of the received pulse train are selectively weighted in amplitude and phase to improve clutter suppression. The techniques described are particularly suitable for rejecting interference entering the processor through ambiguous responses (range sidelobes) of the signal. The complex weights which are derived are optimum in the sense that they produce the maximum clutter suppression for a given detection efficiency. In determining these weights, it is assumed that the distribution of clutter in range and range rate relative to targets of interest is known. Thus, clutter suppression is achieved by reducing the sidelobe levels in specified regions of the receiver response. These techniques are directly applicable to array antennas; the analogous antenna problem would be to reduce sidelobe levels in a particular sector while preserving gain. Complex weighting is most successful when the clutter is limited in both range and velocity.     

Monopulse DOA estimation of two unresolved Rayleigh targets

This paper provides for new approaches to the processing of unresolved measurements as two direction-of-arrival (DOA) measurements for tracking closely spaced targets rather than the conventional single DOA measurement of the centroid. The measurements of the two-closely spaced targets are merged when the target echoes are not resolved in angle, range, or radial velocity (i.e., Doppler processing). The conditional Cramer Rao lower bound (CRLB) is developed for the DOA estimation of two unresolved Rayleigh targets using a standard monopulse radar. Then the modified CRLB is used to give insight into the boresight pointing for monopulse DOA estimation of two unresolved targets. Monopulse processing is considered for DOA estimation of two unresolved Rayleigh targets with known or estimated relative radar cross section (RCS). The performance of the DOA estimator is studied via Monte Carlo simulations and compared with the modified CRLB     

出口宽高比对S形二元收敛喷管雷达散射截面的影响

在S形二元收敛喷管进出口面积、偏心距、面积变化规律及中心线变化规律不变的条件下,采用自适应超椭圆方法设计不同出口宽高比的S形二元收敛喷管.基于迭代物理光学法与等效边缘电磁流法自主开发计算腔体部件雷达散射截面（RCS）的程序;然后通过文献中的实验数据验证了计算程序的准确性和可靠性.通过计算程序分别分析了水平、垂直两种极化方式下不同S形二元收敛喷管的边缘绕射场与总散射场的电磁散射特性.结果表明:在水平、垂直两种极化方式下,喷管出口宽高比的变化对S形二元收敛喷管边缘绕射场的RCS影响较小,不同出口宽高比的S形二元收敛喷管边缘绕射场的RCS相差不超过4dB.喷管出口宽高比的变化对总散射场的RCS影响较大;正探测角时,宽高比为1.5时,在大部分探测角范围内总散射场有较低的RCS;负探测角时,宽高比为3.5时有较低的RCS.