直升机着舰起落架动态响应

舰载直升机着舰过程复杂。与地面降落相比,舰面的不稳定气流使得直升机姿态难以保持,下降的速度更大,且由于直升机通常都是单轮着舰,导致起落架载荷很大。为了研究直升机在不同条件下着舰时起落架的动态响应,建立了机体/起落架/舰船耦合模型,将着舰过程中直升机的运动和舰船的运动联系起来,通过仿真计算得出起落架的动态响应。仿真计算结果表明:直升机着舰质量越大,起落架压缩量和载荷越大;直升机低头着舰会导致前起落架载荷显著增大;直升机着舰下沉速度过大会导致着舰载荷急剧增大,可能会对结构造成破坏。     

基于仿生的适于特殊地形的直升机起落架设计

现阶段直升机起落架主要采用轮式起落架和滑撬式起落架,由于机动性和灵活性较差,导致直升机起降时对地面的平整度及坡角要求较高,在遇到某些特殊地形如乱石滩、斜坡坡度较大地带可能面临无法正常起降这一困难。本文受某些仿生无人机起落架设计启发,提出了一种新型直升机起落架的设计方法,此种起落架采用三立柱支撑结构,主体是三个位于机身底部的液压伸缩支撑杆,在直升机降落时杆端的传感器与主控配合来动态控制支撑杆的伸缩长度。此种起落架通过控制每根液压杆伸缩不同的长度来适应不同环境下的崎岖地形,使直升机在乱石滩及大坡度地面起降成为可能。经过设计举例及受力分析,得出本设计方法在工程上是可以实现的,并且在直升机抗震性能的提升方面也有一定作用。     

直升机腿式起落架机构动力学研究

多用途、智能化和强地形适应性是未来直升机发展的重要趋势。起落架是保障直升机起降安全的关键部件,由于传统起落架地形适应能力较差,针对直升机在复杂地形环境下如何实现平稳着陆的难题,利用仿生学设计理念设计一种腿式起落架系统。首先从腿式起落架设计需求出发,对起落架构型进行分析并完成腿部结构设计;然后基于设计的腿部机构,完成其运动学分析和动力学分析,建立相应模型,以此作为腿式起落架运动控制的基础。最后在实验室完成腿式起落架的运动测试,证明了结构设计的合理性和控制算法的准确性。     

直升机起落架着陆载荷及参数影响分析

建立了直升机起落架着陆时的动力学分析模型,对起落架冲击载荷进行了动态仿真。计算分析了着陆下沉速度、旋翼拉力系数、轮胎压力及缓冲支柱通油孔面积等参数对起落架冲击载荷的影响。结果表明,直升机下沉速度提高时,起落架参数应作相应调整以降低冲击载荷。     

一种分析轮式起落架直升机“舰面共振”的方法

 针对轮式起落架直升机，提供了一种“舰面共振”动力稳定性分析方法。首先，针对直升机在舰面上随舰船一起摇晃时左右起落架受载不对称的状况，近似采用受对称载荷产生对称变形、受非对称载荷产生非对称变形的方法计算了直升机的平衡状态；其次，根据轮式起落架轮胎和缓冲支柱刚度和阻尼共同作用的特点，结合轮式起落架的几何关系，采用复刚度的方法得出起落架作用于机体的刚度与阻尼；最后，用桨叶振动模态法对轮式起落架的直升机进行了不同旋翼升力卸载以及鱼叉系留与否的“舰面共振”动力稳定性计算分析，并通过算例得到验证。     

跪式起落架直升机地面平衡特性分析

针对跪式起落架特殊的结构形式及其在地面载荷下呈现"下跪"姿态的运动特点,考虑缓冲支柱及轮胎的非线性特性及跪式起落架的非线性运动,对跪式起落架直升机地面平衡状态进行建模分析。首先,对跪式起落架进行力学分析,建立跪式起落架及全机纵向平衡方程;然后,通过调用Matlab中的Fsolve命令对建立的非线性方程组进行求解,得到了不同载重和不同拉力系数下,受重心运动、机体绕重心转动及桨盘倾斜角变化等多种非线性因素耦合影响的跪式起落架运动规律。跪式起落架直升机地面平衡特性的计算,对进一步计算跪式起落架直升机机体模态特性和"地面共振"分析具有十分重要的意义。     

舰载直升机起落架收放系统事故树的定性分析

起落架装置是舰载直升机受力较大的部件,在直升机着陆和滑行中要承受很大的载荷.起落装置中的起落架收放系统是很容易发生故障的部分,起落架收放系统的可靠性对舰载直升机的着陆性能与安全有重要影响,因此对起落架收放系统事故树进行定性分析有着重要意义.本文选择"主起落架放不下"作为顶事件,建立了起落架收放系统事故树,利用最小割集的相关理论对事故树进行定性分析,找出了顶事件发生的各种原因组合,这对于掌握事故的发生规律,调查事故发生的原因提供了很大的帮助.     

直升机起落架转向与对中机构耐久性试验装置的研制及应用

针对新设计的直升机起落架转向与对中机构的可靠性及稳定性难于准确确定的难题,研制一套能够模拟起落架转向与对中机构工作环境的试验装置进行耐久性试验验证是唯一的方法和手段.介绍了直升机起落架转向与对中机构耐久性试验装置的设计依据、结构原理、系统组成及其在直升机型号研制中的应用情况.     

直升机起落架机轮轴载荷分析及有限元仿真

本文通过探讨研究起落架机轮轴的载荷及强度,达到对某新型起落架机轮轴的强度校核的目的,同时采用有限元仿真数字化分析方法来进一步验证起落架机轮轴在实际工况下的安全性,建立了新型起落架机轮轴零件有限元模型,通过考察直升机在垂直降落和前飞着陆时两种典型方式下机轮轴的应力应变,得出了各自工况下反应出来规律结论,基于此,提出了针对实际工况下的合理化建议,给出了合理驾驶直升机方法的建议以及地勤机务维护人员的维护方法。直升机起落架机轮轴是着陆系统的关键部位,对保证直升机的降落安全以及延长其机轮轴的使用寿命有着极其重要的意义。     

跪式起落架在武装直升机坠毁过程中能量吸收能力研究(Ⅰ)——数值仿真计算

 在简述直升机抗坠毁原理的基础上,模拟直升机机体的等效质量与跪式起落架构成的组合系统在 6m/ s硬着陆垂直撞击地面时的塑性动力响应和能量吸收过程。所用的模型为 :1基于真实几何构型和材料特性的起落架 FEM动力学计算模型;2简化的弹簧 -刚性杆系统模型。通过 Lagrange方程解出了直升机以6 m/ s的速度垂直撞击地面这一过程的动态响应,近似给出了起落架吸收的能量 (塑性功 )占初始动能的百分比;机体的动能变化曲线以及主缓冲器的载荷谱曲线。两者结果进行了比较,为直升机抗坠毁设计提供理论指导。     

Safety Analysis of Helicopter Autorotation Landing Execution on Conditions of Providing Skid Landing Gear Static Strength

The requirements for skid landing gear static strength ensuring are examined based on the comparative analysis of the Airworthiness Standards requirements. Probabilistic principle of determining the safety factor of the skid landing gear is presented. The analysis of the experimental data on bench and flight tests is performed for calculating the actual value of this factor.     

To an issue of rating the external loads on a helicopter with skid landing gear for landing loading condition

The existing technique of rating the external loads on a helicopter with skid type landing gear according to Airworthiness Standards [1] is analyzed and the results of comparing with design and experimental studies are presented. The main existing problems both in design simulation and the system of requirements to the conditions of rating the loads on the skid landing gear helicopter are identified. Also proposed are the techniques to increase safety of the helicopter emergency landing by refining the rating conditions of external loads at the design stage.     

Contemporary approach to the design-systematic and experimental provision of autorotation landing safety for a helicopter with skid type landing gear

A new approach to the design-systematic provision of autorotation landing safety for a helicopter with skid type landing gear is proposed. We analyzed the existing simulation techniques and experimental studies regarding this problem. The main existing problems both in design simulation and the system of systematic requirements to the conditions of rating the loads on the skid landing gear are identified. Also proposed are the most optimal solutions to overcome the existing systematic contradictions and increase safety of helicopter piloting at autorotation landing.     

刹车与起落架抖动的相互影响

就刹车与起落架抖动的相互影响,分析了现象的实质,建立起了起落架支柱的刚度、机轮转速、滚动半径、振动周期和防滑刹车系统设定的打滑量与刹车力矩之间的定量关系,以期从整体上解决起落架－机轮刹车装置－防滑刹车系统组成的一个全系统的匹配问题,达到刹车无抖动的目的。     

A Method for Designing the Helicopter Skid Landing Gear by a Criterion of Landing Impact Energy Absorption

This paper presents the results of calculating the energy criterion being proposed by an example of two types of skid landing gear for a multipurpose helicopter of transport category.     

Verification of a mathematical model of dynamic loading in the quasistatic statement for a helicopter tubular skid landing gear by the results of drop tests

We present the results of verifying a mathematical model of dynamic loading of the helicopter skid landing gear with regard for two successive landing impacts. Also presented are the results of analyzing the interaction of springs in the course of drop tests.     

Modeling of landing of a helicopter with skid undercarriage with regard for the second landing impact

A technique is suggested for calculating the helicopter spatial motion and the stress-strain state of a skid landing gear in the course of landing with regard for the second landing impact; geometric, material and design nonlinearity of undercarriage springs deformation is taken into account. The comparison between the analysis results and experimental data is presented.     

Analysis of static loading of a helicopter tubular skid landing gear

A three-dimensional design model of a helicopter tubular skid landing gear based on the application of the large beam displacement theory is presented. The design model takes into account special features of constructive, physical and geometrical deformation nonlinearity. The analysis of a real helicopter structure is given that confirms sufficient validity of calculation results obtained using the model developed by comparing with the results of the finite element analysis.     

Analysis of static loading for a helicopter tubular skid landing gear

We compare the results of analyzing the stress strain state for the tubular skid landing gear with regard for the physically and geometrically nonlinear scheme of deformation; the analysis is carried out by the finite element method and with the aid of a special beam-type design model. The analysis has been performed for a real helicopter design. The peculiarities of deforming the aircraft structures of the type under study are shown based on the comparison results.