微机电陀螺解调过程中的噪声传递机理研究

微机电陀螺的噪声性能是衡量陀螺综合性能的重要指标之一,不仅与陀螺本身机械结构有关,还与其测控电路有着密切联系。本文将通过理论推导计算出噪声经过乘法解调和开关解调时的传递机理,指出开关解调会使解调信号中的谐波成分和解调输入噪声向解调后的基带中进行混叠,相对于纯正弦解调会增大噪声,最后应用LabVIEW软件进行纯软件仿真和半实物仿真验证,并通过实际测试数据证明其正确性,为陀螺解调方案的选择提供依据。     

基于LabVIEW的皮卫星接收地面站解调器设计

针对皮卫星接收地面站测试系统解调器的应用场合,研究和开发了一种基于LabVIEW虚拟仪器开发平台的软件解调器,提出了一种简化的遥测信号解调算法。利用LabVIEW控制数据的采集和存储,通过VisualC 实现了解调算法,并在LabVIEW中调用该程序来实现地面站遥测信号的解调。给出了解调算法的原理、Costas环跟踪方差的MATLAB仿真和软件设计,通过误码率实验,测试结果证明了该设计的有效性。本解调系统具有应用灵活和便于改进的优点,已应用于皮卫星的测试实验。     

基于维特比算法解调GMSK信号分析

文中介绍了二进制GMSK信号带宽占用率、数据预编码方案和利用维特比算法相干解调二进制GMSK信号的调制解调方法,给出了不同BT乘积情况下解析功率谱密度和模拟误码率结果,定量分析了邻信道干扰结果。结果说明,利用维特比算法解调4GMSK信号可以在满足接收机性能的基础上简化设计。     

Demodulation of a Continuous PM Signal Contaminated with Incidental AM Discrete Phase-Lock

This paper analyzes the problem of communication from phase-modulated (PM) satellite transmitters which usually exhibit some degree of incidental amplitude modulation (AM). Hybrid analog-digital demodulator structures for this type of signal are presented using results of nonlinear estimation theory. It is shown that the structure of the optimal demodulator is nonlinear in nature. Hence, first- and second-order approximations are employed to yield physically realizable phase-lock loop structures. Such algorithms are applicable at sampling instants and linear predictory relationships between sampling instants are derived.     

ABPSK解调中估频校频原理及实现

在ABPSK接收采用差分解调时，不可避免地存在频差，严重影响了解调器的性能。论述了估频、校频的原理．提供了利用TMS320C25实现估频（粗估）的流程图，并以600bps的T信道为例详细分析了估频、校频的性能。     

Baseband Modeling and Distortion Equalization of the Feedback FM Demodulator by Functional Methods

Exact and approximate baseband models for the feedback FM demodulator are derived. Exact and approximate distortion equalizers that may be used to remove distortion in the output of the demodulator are also presented.     

光纤陀螺开环增益的实时估计与补偿

开环增益是影响闭环光纤陀螺控制稳定性及控制精度的重要参数。从光纤陀螺的数学模型出发推导了开环增益的计算公式。在数字闭环光纤陀螺相关检测的基础上提出了一种开环增益的估计方法,通过在积分控制环节前施加一个方波抖动信号,然后在信号处理器中进行相关解调,实现了开环增益的在线实时估计。同时利用数字逻辑中比例控制系数的可操作性,通过实时调整比例控制系数K来补偿硬件部分增益G的变化,从而实现陀螺开环增益的自补偿。最后通过实验证明了该方法的正确性。     

Noise Dynamics of the Phase-Locked Loop with Signal Clipping

Employing techniques similar to the averaging methods of Krylov and Bogoliubov, an approximate noise analysis of the phase-locked loop with signal clipping is presented. The validity of the method is demonstrated by comparing the stationary probability density function for the phase error, generated by a system simulation, with the derived theoretical results. The latter portion of the paper discusses the relation of the phase-locked loop to Kalman-Bucy filter theory and presents a demodulator design that illustrates the self-adaptive properties attainable in phase-locked loops with signal clipping.     

宽带卫星通信信号的多维星座图解调方法

高速卫星数据传输需要利用较高调制维度和较多星座点数来实现,一方面导致接收端具有较大实现复杂度,另一方面系统可靠性极易受信道非线性影响。针对以上问题,通过对多维星座图信号的解调性能进行理论分析,得到极大后验概率（MAP）解调误符号率（SER）的理论公式,在保证系统SER性能的基础上,提出了基于星座图相关的检测方法。该方法利用脉冲正交性得到接收星座点,对其进行向量相关运算得到解调数据,有效降低了解调判决过程的复杂度。针对信号经过高功率放大器（HPA）后的非线性失真问题,建立了HPA信道估计模型,利用最小二乘（LS）信道估计方法对原解调星座图进行修正,提出了基于修正星座图的解调方法。仿真结果表明,该方法在降低实现复杂度的同时,有效提高了系统抗HPA信道非线性失真的能力,可实现对宽带高速卫星通信信号的高效准确解调。     

基于Turbo方法的乘积码脉冲位置迭代调制解调译码

脉冲位置调制（PPM）无线光通信系统易受到大气湍流影响，针对于此，将Turbo技术引入到PPM的解调和乘积码译码中。基于极大似然准则导出了PPM软检测解调方法，结合分组码的SISO译码，构建了检测解调和译码联合迭代的Turbo结构，推导了其迭代原理算法。仿真分析结果表明，误码性能可随迭代次数增加改善，其中，在大气闪烁指数0.1和误码率10-6条件下，迭代3~5次相比非迭代系统获得了0.8 dB以上的增益。     

无人机测控传输中SCCPM优化设计

针对无人机测控传输系统频率资源日趋紧张、电磁环境日渐复杂的现状,为提高无线传输频带效率和功率效率,在卷积码和CPM（Continuous Phase Modulation,连续相位调制）的基础上,提出一种基于SCCPM（Serially Concatenated CPM,串行级联CPM）的无人机遥控、遥测数据传输体制.通过引入Turbo（涡轮）码迭代原理设计CPM解调与卷积译码反馈校正结构,并对CPM解调算法进行优化以减小复杂度,得到相位连续、频谱紧凑、编码增益高、收敛特性好的无人机测控通信系统.仿真结果表明：所设计方案采用级联外迭代方式可获取更高的信噪比增益、更低的错误平层——与典型应用的RS（Reed-Solomon,里德-所罗门）码级联卷积码相比,该方案能够多获取1.6 dB的信噪比增益,表明SCCPM更适用于无人机测控数据传输.     

A Digital Incremental Oscillator: Generation of Sinusoidal Waveform in DPCM

Based on the concept of incremental computations, a digital oscillator structure is proposed which consists of two incremental integrators and one incremental multiplier. Models for these elements are developed and detailed analyses are made showing that the errors of the proposed structure are extremely low compared with the direct-form one. The proposed oscillator structure can be implemented without a hardware multiplier and can generate sinusoidal waveforms in the differential pulse code modulation representation.     

光纤光栅传感器动态解调方式的误差分析

主要介绍了扫描PZT器件法等四种典型动态解调方法的适用性,分析了其误差主要来源,并推导了其计算公式;分析了光强波动对几种解调方法解调精度的影响,评价了其影响程度,并得出了根据被测对象频率来选择解调方式的结论.     

Bandpass Signal Sampling and Coherent Detection

Coherent detectors in radar and communications receivers are generally implemented in the form of two parallel baseband channels which form in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) components of a received RF/IF signal. Phase errors of several degrees due to imperfect matching of these separate channels limit the performance achievable from signal processors such as moving target indicators (MTI), coherent integrators, Doppler filters, antenna array processors, and coherent sidelobe cancellers. Thus methods in which a single analog to digital (A/D) converter samples and digitizes the IF signal directly, eliminating the need for IF to baseband conversion, have been of recent interest and are the subject of this paper. To obtain accurate coherent detection from IF samples taken near the Nyquist rate requires interpolation based upon a number of stored samples. An algorithm derived from sampling theory is defined and used to demonstrate accurate reconstruction of the original IF signal from digitized samples. In-phase and quadrature components of the signal are shown to be available from processed samples with demonstrated phase errors less than 0.2°.     

Performance Degradation of MTI Circuits Due to Amplitude Limiting

The loss in output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) due to amplitude limiting is obtained for a radar circuit consisting of a bandpass limiter, coherent demodulator, matched filter, and moving-target-indicator (MTI) filter. The circuit is used in scanning MTI radars. The tandem connection of the limiter and coherent demodulator is a model for the saturation of the intermediate-frequency (IF) demodulator of an MTI radar. Results on special functions are used to obtain simple formulas for the loss in output SNR relative to a linear IF demodulator when the input SNR is less than -15 dB and the number of hits per 3-dB beamwidth exceeds 15.     

Phase-Locked-Loop Detection of Binary PSK Signals Utilizing Decision Feedback

A modified quadrature channel phase-locked-loop demodulator for binary phase-shift-keyed signals is presented. The modification, called decision feedback, is a practical implementation of decisiondirected channel measurement. Noise analyses are carried out for both additive and phase noise. An optimum loop filter is derived and the analyses include determination of probability of error for the system. The results of an analog simulation of the decision feedback technique are also included.     

基于自适应滤波的PCM／FSK软件解调方法

提出了一种新的PCM／FSK数字信号解调方法。通过采用最小均方误差自适应滤波算法，跟踪信号的单一频率，分析输出信号的包络，实现PCM／FSK信号的解调。详细介绍了此种解调方法的基本原理及实现过程，分析了影响解调性能的因素。计算机仿真结果表明，此方法比差分解调性能优越，抗干扰能力强，便于软件编程及DSP器件实现，具有一定的应用价值。     

数模转换器毛刺对光纤陀螺相关检测的影响分析

数模转换器(DAC)是全数字闭环光纤陀螺反馈通道的重要部件,DAC的毛刺特性会对光纤陀螺的调制解调结果产生影响.基于DAC中值毛刺特性建立了光纤陀螺反馈回路的非理想调制方波模型,分析了调制频率与本征频率不同时DAC毛刺在干涉信号中产生的各类周期干扰信号.利用周期干扰信号的Fourier级数推导出了DAC毛刺造成调制解调误差的数学模型,仿真分析了数模转换器毛刺的宽度、高度,光纤陀螺调制频率、本征频率及放大电路的增益带宽对陀螺解调误差的影响.最后,通过开环实验验证了DAC毛刺对光纤陀螺调制解调的影响.     

A Lower Bound to Rcomp for the Gaussian Channel with a Uniform Quantizing Demodulator

Consideration is given to a channel using orthogonal modulation, soft decision-uniform quantizing demodulation, and perturbed by additive white Gaussian noise. A lower bound is derived to the Rcomp of this channel. The bound explicity exhibits the dependence upon the degree of quantization and is easily computable. It also indicates that the uniform quantizing demodulation scheme is close to optimum for sufficiently fine quantization.     

基于FPGA的FIR滤波器设计与实现

本文根据激光陀螺仪信号的解调原理,提出了一种利用数字信号处理技术并采用FPGA实现的解调方法。分析了FIR滤波器的工作原理,根据激光陀螺仪对滤波器的要求,给出了由FPGA设计实现FIR滤波器的基本原理,并利用IP核实现了FIR滤波器,满足了激光陀螺仪的需求。通过在国产激光陀螺仪上的应用,验证了方案的正确性。通过对激光陀螺仪脉冲计数的高速采样并利用数字滤波器处理,可以有效的消除抖动引起的信号噪声,得到所需要的惯性信息。采用FPGA设计实现,可以提高运算速度,并且可以缩短数据采样的延时。