海面低飞情况下机载航管二次雷达覆盖研究

二次雷达较之一次雷达有许多优点，使其在军用和民用领域得到广泛应用。但当装有航管二次雷达的飞机在海面低飞时，会出现常见的多径效应现象。文章详细分析了飞机机体和海面对航管二次雷达方向图的影响，并利用HFSS软件对飞机在海面低飞时航管二次雷达方向图进行仿真。结果表明，海面影响航管二次雷达的方向图并导致根据其分叉变形，根据平面对天线方向图的影响及其计算公式，对不同飞行高度的方向图进行了计算，得出了在海面低飞时的最佳飞行高度。     

STAR2000发射信号序列剖析

全固态S波段航管一次雷达STAR2000发射信号为一定的发射脉冲序列，这是航管一次雷达提高发现概率与距离分辨力、实现远近距离目标探测、解决盲速和距离模糊的基础，本文对STAR2000的发射脉冲序列进行技术剖析。     

雷达模拟机管制案例课件制作系统的开发与应用

在原有的航管雷达模拟机的基础上，我们试图引进实际的空中交通管制情况信息，形成飞行管制数据和模拟训练计划，利用客观的飞行活动来进行模拟管制，从纯雷达模拟培训过渡到实时雷达信号的互动式培训，进一步完善空中交通管制培训系统。由雷达实际的信号形成有用的飞行管制数据，是从航管雷达数据中读取相应的飞行数据，并自动生成培训计划。在引接实际信息信号中，有实时信号引接和历史数据引接两种方案，这两种方案各有优缺点。文章将两种信号引接方案作了一个比较。     

雷神二次雷达典型故障分析

航管监视雷达是空中交通管制员的“千里眼”，随着雷达管制的实施，航管监视雷达对监视空中飞行目标起着越来越重要的作用，实现管制区域内的多重雷达覆盖也是发展趋势。雷神二次雷达是从国外引进的一套先进的雷达设备，在全国很多机场得到了广泛应用。在维护雷达设备过程中，面对故障现象，如何准确地分析、判断故障点，采取一切必要措施快速恢复设备正常工作，对于确保空中交通管理安全有着重要的意义。笔者将维护雷神二次雷达中遇到的典型故障作了简要的分析总结，希望能对同行们的工作起到一定的借鉴作用。     

INDRA二次雷达顶空盲区边界假目标成因分析与解决

<正>本文针对贵州空管分局INDRA二次雷达顶空盲区边界连续出现假目标的情况,通过数据分析的方法判断出假目标的成因,并提出了解决措施。笔者运用现象分析—逻辑推理—提出假设—实验求证的方式进行了阐述,以期对于解决类似的假目标问题有所帮助。随着我国经济的高速发展,航班流量也与日俱增。在民航空管的各个管制区内,雷达管制的方式被普遍采用。稳定、可靠的雷达信号,对于管制工作显得越来越重要。然而航管二次雷达在实际的应用当中,难免会有各种各样的问题,假目标就是其中一个普遍发生的现象。假目标指的是在管     

雷达模拟训练中应注意的几个问题

从1994年开始,民航总局为各地区空管局陆续配置了航管雷达模拟机。到目前为止,已安装的航管雷达模拟机已经有20多台套。如何利用好这些模拟机,使之充分发挥效益是摆在找们面前的新课题。北京的航管雷达模拟机至今已运行了三年时间。在此,我想根据三年来的实践谈谈对雷达模拟训练的一些认识。一、雷达模拟训练应置于统一的培训计划之下航管雷达模拟机（以下简称模拟机）对已经装备雷达的生产部门是一种理想的训练工具。它使我们的训练水平能够达到接近实际工作环境、超过实际工作难度的要求。使用模拟机进行的雷达管制模拟训练（以下简称…     

风电场雷达杂波动态重构抑制方法

随着风电场的大范围建设，风轮机杂波对雷达的干扰问题日益严重，常规杂波抑制方法难以有效解决风轮机杂波（WTC）干扰问题，因此提出了一种利用动态字典对风轮机杂波进行稀疏重构进而抑制的方法。首先，建立了WTC干扰下的雷达信号模型并分析了风轮机杂波的信号特征。其次，依据WTC的时频特征提出了一种微动参数粗估计方法，利用粗估计结果缩小了字典稀疏重构参数范围，在此基础上利用正交匹配追踪（OMP）算法对字典进行动态生成，并逐级更新字典原子。最后，通过动态字典对风轮机杂波信号进行稀疏重构，从而实现了对WTC的有效抑制。通过仿真实验，分析了风轮机杂波对目标检测的干扰影响，验证了基于动态稀疏重构的风电场杂波抑制方法在不同情况下的有效性。     

二次雷达接收机典型故障的分析与排除

本站所使用的是意大利Alenia公司的航管二次雷达。接收机在整个二次雷达系统中的作用是将由天线系统接收的目标应答脉冲（∑、Ω、△信号）经转换组件（CHANGEOVERASSY）选择送入主用通道和、差信号送入耦合组件中，强信号被限幅，耦合组件的输出经高频放大后进行混频，形成60MHz的中频信号。此中频信号送入相幅均衡组件，在相幅均衡组件中比较∑通道信号与△通道信号的相位和幅度，相幅均衡组件还受到自动增益控制信号的控制。     

雷神二次雷达的反射抑制分析

雷达的反射问题一直是雷达工作者最为困扰的问题，因为一旦发生反射将给管制人员的工作造成极大的不便，严重影响飞行安全。本文从反射的形成、抑制反射的原理出发，阐述了雷神二次雷达抑制反射所采取的步骤，以及在维护过程中如何来及时抑制新出现的反射。     

扫描模式航管监视雷达风电场杂波检测与抑制

近年来,全球风力发电装机容量呈指数增长。研究表明,风轮机对其附近的航管(ATC)监视雷达会产生严重影响。风轮机杂波的有效检测及抑制,对于保证空中交通安全具有重要意义。首先提出了基于回波谱宽特征的航管监视雷达的风轮机杂波检测方法。针对扫描模式下航管监视雷达频谱分辨率较低的问题,将基于自回归(AR)模型的超分辨率方法和质量中心的概念应用于雷达回波的快速谱宽和谱中心估计算法中,提高谱宽估计的精度。其次针对扫描模式下的风轮机回波数据不是一个完整周期数据的问题,基于缺省数据幅度和相位估计(GAPES)算法实现了扫描模式下风轮机雷达回波缺省数据的估计,而后利用风轮机杂波的周期性抑制风轮机杂波。该算法实现了风轮机杂波的有效检测和抑制,并且其不受限于风轮机与飞机目标在同一个距离单元的情况。仿真结果验证了所提方法的有效性。     

Wind Farm Clutter Mitigation in Air Surveillance Radar

Windmills provide a renewable energy resource that could become major components of the power infrastructure in the United States, Europe, and Asia within the next decade. However, collections of windmills, known as wind farms, cause interference in radars that are critical to air defense and air traffic systems. Therefore, to maintain and, perhaps, improve air surveillance, methods that mitigate the inevitable performance degradation seen in radar systems must be proven and implemented to deal with wind farms as they become more prevalent. Herein, the authors discuss recommended techniques for wind farm mitigation, which are based on a UK Royal Air Force-sponsored demonstration on a Watchman radar, conducted at Clatter, South Wales. Specifically, false alarm and false track reductions will be quantified.     

Maximum likelihood azimuth estimation applied to SSR/IFF systems

A conventional (nonmonopulse) secondary surveillance radar (SSR) is significantly cheaper than a monopulse SSR but exhibits much greater azimuthal error, especially when some of the replies are missing. Estimation techniques and their performance are discussed with special reference to SSR applications, and a novel estimator for conventional SSR is described. The proposed technique is a close approximation of the maximum-likelihood estimator (MLE), taking into account the receiver characteristics as well as the missed replies. Estimator performance obtained by analysis and computer simulation is compared with that of conventional estimators that are based on the leading and trailing edges of binary sequences and shows significantly improved accuracy     

Polish radar technology

Polish radar research and development since 1953 is reviewed, covering the development and production of surveillance radars, height finders, tracking radars, air traffic control (ATC) radars and systems, and marine and Doppler radars. Some current work, including an L-band ATC radar for enroute control, a weather channel for primary surveillance radar, signal detection in non-Gaussian clutter, adaptive MTI filters and postdetection filtering, and a basic approach to radar polarimetry, is examined.<>     

天波超视距雷达的发展

 天波超视距雷达 (OTHR)是一种利用电离层对高频信号的反射作用自上而下进行目标探测的雷达体制。由于该雷达具有大范围的监视能力、防低空突袭、抗隐身以及早期预警等突出优点 ,受到了许多国家的重视。首先介绍了OTHR的性能特点及发展历史 ,接着就雷达的总体结构、干扰的抑制、由电离层引起的信号失真的校正 ,以及信号检测进行了全面的综述 ,最后指出这一领域今后的发展方向。     

机载气象雷达回波信号仿真系统

设计了一个机载气象雷达回波信号仿真系统,可用于高保真雷达回波信号的生成与演示。基于高保真风场建模数据,依照真实机载气象雷达的扫描方式初始化仿真参数,对风场数据进行机载气象雷达回波仿真,得到了可靠的仿真数据,并对可靠性进行验证。该系统采用C#与Matlab联合编程的方法进行实现,可实现的功能包括各种气象目标在不同模式下的雷达回波仿真,雷达回波数据正确性的验证及展示。得到的信号可为机载气象雷达信号处理和数据处理算法的开发提供数据支持。     

Effectiveness of MMW aerosols in defeating a battlefieldsurveillance radar: field demonstration preliminary results

The US Army ERDEC is developing advanced aerosol systems to combat threat surveillance, fire control, and seeker systems operating in the visible, infrared, and millimeter wave portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. One such system is the M56 multispectral smoke generator, which presently operates in the visible and infrared portions of the spectrum; a millimeter wave (MMW) Module is in development to extend the M56 spectral range. This paper documents preliminary results of a field demonstration test of the M56 MMW Module. An MMW instrumentation radar was modified to simulate the scan pattern and radar parameters of a tactical battlefield surveillance radar system. A test grid was populated with both stationary and moving tactical targets, and the radar scanned the grid to simulate a surveillance radar in operation. Once a realistic tactical engagement scenario was developed, MMW aerosols were deployed to demonstrate the impact such aerosols could have on radar detection and classification performance     

Beam Shape Loss and Surveillance Optimization for Pencil Beam Arrays

A radar in its surveillance mode requires the programming of the radar beam in fixed angular increments throughout the surveillance volume. Though radar coverage of the volume is complete, returns from possible targets differing only in angular position generally have unequal signal strengths. This is due to both beam shape and multiple beam coverage. The resulting nonuniformity in signal strength results in a loss factor termed beam shape loss (BSL). This correspondence contains the results of a valid computational procedure for determining this loss factor for the case of an electronically steerable array in a search mode. Results consist of curves showing BSL for a wide range of system parameters and for various target types. In addition, it is shown how optimum search beam locations can be determined from the BSL computations.     

Monopulse radar based on spatiotemporal correlation of stochastic signals

The theory and technique of angle-of-arrival (AOA) estimation using random-noise or other stochastic transmit waveforms is addressed. The additional uncertainties induced by signal itself and the statistical complexity of the received signals result in major challenges. The statistical properties of the random-noise interferometer and monopulse radar system are studied and compared theoretically using an approximation method. Furthermore, a random-noise coherent correlation receiver (CCR) architecture is proposed. The concept of mean monopulse characteristic curve (MMCC) is introduced. Experimental results using an X-band random-noise monopulse radar system validate the theoretical predictions of random-noise monopulse characteristics and suggest potential applications such as surveillance, imaging, and maneuvering target tracking.