空间光学结构用改性氰酸酯树脂及其复合材料性能

以空间光学结构应用为背景,对新研制改性氰酸酯树脂低温固化体系开展评价研究,包括树脂体系的固化特性、力学性能、耐湿热性以及工艺性能等;与HS40高模量碳纤维复合制备了复合材料,对其主要力学性能进行了研究。结果表明,改性氰酸酯树脂催化体系具有优异的固化反应特性,起始固化温度为101.2℃,较未催化的氰酸酯树脂降低了97.4℃;拉伸性能以及弯曲性能均有提高,同时其沸水饱和吸水率仅1.3%左右,明显低于双马（4%）和环氧树脂（5.8%）;树脂的工艺性良好,适合热熔法制备预浸料;应用热熔浸渍法制备的HS40碳纤维/氰酸酯树脂预浸料经层合固化后力学性能优异：纵向拉伸强度和模量分别为2 244.5 MPa和248.0 GPa。     

有机锡化合物催化氰酸树脂的性能

采用有机锡化合物作为氰酸酯树脂的固化反应催化剂,评价了催化剂对固化树脂的力学性能、耐热性、吸水率以及对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明加入有机锡催化剂后,氰酸酯固化树脂和复合材料具有优良的性能,其中固化树脂的弯曲强度为124MPa,冲击强度为12 6kJ/m²,玻璃化转变温度为258℃,复合材料的弯曲强度为742 6MPa,层间剪切强度为72 3MPa。这表明在有机锡化合物的催化作用下,氰酸酯充分表现出了高性能树脂基体的特性,同时也说明有机锡是氰酸酯固化反应的有效催化剂。     

氰酸酯／环氧树脂体系的研究

采用环氧树脂(E 51)与氰酸酯树脂共聚以改善氰酸酯树脂的韧性,研究了环氧树脂的加入量、后处理温度、湿热老化、紫外光老化等条件对改性后树脂体系的力学性能和介电性能的影响规律,采用扫描电子显微镜对断口形貌进行了分析。结果表明环氧树脂可以明显改善氰酸酯树脂的韧性,环氧树脂含量为30wt%的体系的冲击强度和弯曲强度分别比改性前提高了100%和50%。随环氧树脂用量的增加,改性树脂的冲击强度和弯曲强度增大,树脂表现为明显的韧性断裂;改性体系经200℃后处理2h的介电性能最佳,环氧树脂用量的增加、湿热老化和紫外光老化都使介电常数和介电损耗增加,但当环氧树脂用量低于30wt%时仍属于优异的介电材料。     

缠绕用低温快速固化氰酸酯树脂的改性

针对湿法缠绕工艺,在不影响固化温度条件下用TDE-85对氰酸酯树脂进行改性,对改性前后树脂性能进行对比研究。结果表明:环氧与催化剂混合物在40℃时黏度低于1 Pa·s,且能维持超过214 min,能够满足湿法缠绕的工艺需求;环氧含量低于10 wt%时,起始固化温度不超过77℃,在80℃的凝胶时间为30min左右,仍满足低温快速固化要求;当TDE-85含量为10 wt%时,树脂浇铸体力学性能最优,其拉伸强度、弯曲强度、冲击强度分别为46.2、83.4 MPa、10.8 kJ/m^2;但环氧的加入对氰酸酯的吸湿性和耐热性能均有一定负面的影响。     

氰酸酯/线性酚醛/环氧树脂三元体系的研究

 在氰酸酯树脂/ 环氧树脂体系中引入了线性酚醛树脂,得到氰酸酯树脂/ 环氧树脂/ 线性酚醛树脂三元共聚体系。采用差示扫描量热法(DSC) 研究了三元共聚体系的反应动力学,根据Kissinger 方程和Ozawa 方程得到体系的表观活化能( Ea) :62. 94kJ / mol,确定了体系的反应速率常数K。比较了纯氰酸酯树脂、氰酸酯/ 环氧树脂体系和三元树脂体系玻璃布层压板的力学性能、介电性能以及吸湿率。结果表明,线性酚醛树脂用量为15wt %的三元体系复合材料的弯曲强度和层间剪切强度分别比氰酸酯/ 环氧树脂体系复合材料提高了6 %和15 %,介电损耗和吸水率分别降低了33 %和8 %。     

POSS 催化剂改性氰酸酯复合材料的性能

通过POSS 催化剂改性氰酸酯树脂,并采用热熔法排布制备了碳纤维/ 中温固化氰酸酯预浸料, 验证了改性氰酸酯的工艺性。同时考察了氰酸酯树脂及其复合材料的性能。结果表明, POSS 催化剂的加入, 降低了氰酸酯的固化温度,同时其使用温度、室温及-18℃的储存性能和复合材料力学性能与改性前相当。     

聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮改性氰酸酯树脂耐湿热性能研究

对聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PVP)/氰酸酯树脂体系的耐湿热性能进行系统研究.选取湿热老化环境为100h/100℃沸水老化.结果表明,随着体系中PVP用量的增大,固化改性树脂的吸湿率逐渐增大.湿热老化使固化树脂的力学性能急剧下降,但PVP的加入能够有效改善下降趋势.当PVP用量为5wt%时,湿热老化后固化树脂的弯曲强度和冲击强度的强度保持率从原始氰酸酯的38.8%和35.5%提高到86.8%和66.1%.湿热老化对体系力学性能的损伤可从固化树脂老化前后断口形貌得到合理解释.湿热老化过程中,PVP的加入对体系的热性能、电性能及尺寸稳定性的不利影响较小.综合考虑体系的各项性能指标,以PVP用量为5%时体系耐湿热性能最佳.     

双酚A型环氧树脂紫外光固化工艺及其力学性能

为了推进紫外光固化技术在环氧树脂及其复合材料制备中的应用,以双酚A型环氧树脂E51为基体,采用自行研制的紫外光设备固化,利用红外光谱法测定固化后树脂的固化度,研究了树脂体系中光引发剂和稀释剂含量对树脂固化速率的影响以及环氧树脂的紫外光固化特性,获得的树脂体系的最优配方为：双酚A型环氧树脂E51:活性稀释剂660A:光引发剂1176=100:10:5（质量比）,并对紫外光固化树脂浇铸体的力学性能进行了测试,其拉伸强度和模量分别可达到32.34 MPa和1.80 GPa,弯曲强度和模量分别为60.64 MPa和1.73 GPa。结果表明,紫外光固化速率随树脂体系中光引发剂含量的增加而上升,随活性稀释剂含量的增加先上升后下降;与传统热固化相比,紫外光固化不仅可以大幅度缩短树脂体系的固化时间,同时,制得的树脂浇铸体具有良好的综合力学性能。研究结果对紫外光固化技术在实际生产中的应用具有重要意义。     

石墨纤维/改性氰酸酯复合材料的应用研究

采用环氧树脂对4,4-二氰酸酯基二苯基丙烷(BADCy)进行共聚改性,通过DSC分析,确定了固化工艺参数,并与石墨纤维(UHMCF)复合制成单向板,测试了不同后处理温度制得的单向板力学性能,并与现用UHMCF/树脂基复合材料单向板的力学性能进行了比较,测试了UHMCF/改性氰酸酯的空间环境性能;制备了UHMCF/改性氰酸酯结构件,测试其性能,并与现用UHMCF/树脂基复合材料同类结构件的性能进行了比较。结果表明:UHMCF/改性氰酸酯不论是单向板还是结构件的性能均优于现用UHMCF/树脂基复合材料的性能,且满足空间环境对航天器结构材料性能的要求。     

硼酸铝晶须增强氰酸酯树脂/玻璃布复合材料的研究

为了改善氰酸酯树脂基复合材料的层间性能,加入硼酸铝(AlBw)晶须制得晶须/氰酸酯树脂/玻璃布复合材料。研究了晶须对氰酸酯树脂的反应活性、工艺性的影响以及对复合材料力学性能的改善效果,并分析了复合材料断裂的SEM照片。凝胶时间和差示扫描量热(DSC)分析表明,晶须的加入对树脂体系反应性影响较小。晶须的加入增大了氰酸酯树脂的粘度,但增加幅度不大,当晶须加入质量为20%时树脂粘度仍小于8Pa·s,具有良好的工艺性。随晶须加入量的增加,复合材料的层间剪切强度(ILSS)和弯曲强度增大,晶须质量占10%时,4%硼酸酯处理的晶须使ILSS和弯曲强度分别提高45%和32%。晶须的加入使复合材料耐湿热性提高,水煮100h后,吸水率降为1.09%,力学强度保持率高于85%。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.