高斯过程元模型建模方法及在火箭弹气动分析中应用

为解决复杂系统多学科优化中高精度仿真模型计算时间过长问题,提出高斯过程元模型建模方法。首先介绍了高斯过程元模型建模方法,提出高斯过程元模型建模步骤。算例分析证明,高斯过程元模型优于2种已有元模型。高斯过程元模型能够理论上统一常用的元模型建模方法,在元模型建模领域具有良好的应用前景。     

共聚聚丙烯、纳米二氧化钛(cPP/nano-TiO_2)复合材料的流变行为与结晶形态

用毛细管流变仪测定了cPP/nano-TiO2复合材料在通常剪切应力下的流变性能。用热重对复合材料的降解温度进行了测定,发现纳米二氧化钛的加入使复合材料的降解温度逐渐降低。     

纤维增强复合材料电子束固化工艺

纤维增强复合材料电子束固化工艺采用电子加速器给电子以足够的能量使树脂体系发生交联反应而固化。该工艺不需要热压罐,可在室温下固化。从而降低模具费用,节省能源,减小制品中的热应力,制品综合性能好,是纤维增强复合材料低成本生产的一种新颖方法。电子束固化的基本条件是要有可被电子束固化的树脂体系和电子加速器,该方法已被用来生产大型空间运载器的结构部件。     

推进剂用热塑性聚酯聚氨酯弹性体的结构与性能

针对推进剂粘合剂的需要,以聚己二酸乙二醇丙二醇酯(PEPA)为软段,异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和1,4 丁二醇为硬段合成了一类能为硝酸酯增塑的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPUE)。该弹性体采用熔融预聚法制备。利用GPC、FTIR、DSC、X Ray,力学性能测试和硝化甘油吸收实验等分析技术对聚合物的结构和性能进行了研究。结果表明,合成的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体具有较高的相对分子质量和聚氨酯的结构特征,具有较低的软段玻璃化转变温度和加工温度,具有较好的力学性能,以及与硝酸酯良好的相溶性,具有满足推进剂使用要求的力学性能。     

3D复合材料中非线性纤维搭桥下脱层的屈曲和初始后屈曲

建立了缝纫层合板和编织复合材料等3D复合材料中非线性纤维搭桥下脱层屈曲的计算模型,根据最小总势能原理分析了脱层屈曲和初始后屈曲问题,得出了非线性纤维搭桥下脱层屈曲的一些重要特征,预报了强化型非线性搭桥脱层初始后屈曲的稳定性和软化型搭桥初始后屈曲的不稳定性。     

表面组装技术的应用与发展（下）

本文主要对表面组装技术的特点、表面组装工艺和表面组装技术的现状及发展趋势进行了全面的介绍，并分析了贴片机、网板印刷机、回流焊、波峰焊对表面组装工艺的影响。     

固体火箭发动机衬层粘接技术综述

综述了固体火箭发动机衬层粘接技术。介绍了衬层材料选择原则,分析了刷涂、喷涂、抛涂、离心和拉涂等成型工艺,讨论了界面粘接及其影响因素与改善途径,给出了前人的研究方法,阐述了衬层关键技术的发展趋势。     

用于共注射RTM工艺的环氧树脂和酚醛树脂的工艺特性

研究了用于共注射RTM工艺制备承载/隔热/防热一体化复合材料的酚醛树脂和环氧树脂的工艺特性.以苯并噁嗪为防热层的酚醛树脂基体,研究得到了满足共注射工艺条件的环氧树脂体系并确定了共注射的工艺窗口.研究结果表明,以E-44为基体树脂、以GA327改性芳胺为固化剂所构成的环氧树脂体系可作为承载层的基体树脂和苯并噁嗪树脂进行共注射,其共注射的工艺窗口温度为85～90 ℃,在此温度范围内,环氧树脂体系和低粘度保持时间大于20 min,满足了共注射RTM成型一体化复合材料的基本工艺要求.     

Implementing international co-operation in space exploration

This article discusses the outcomes of an April 2005 workshop held at ISU in Strasbourg. Experts sought to tailor an international co-ordination mechanism that would achieve the classical benefits of international co-operation for the unique venture of space exploration. The mechanism they developed provides a permanent forum for those with vested interests in exploration (currently space agencies in key spacefaring nations) to exchange information about national plans and activities so as to build confidence in one another's programs and, to the extent they choose, to develop beneficial interdependencies. The product of this co-ordination effort would be a consolidated international exploration roadmap that would both inform and reflect national program decisions. The co-ordination mechanism would simultaneously involve, but in less central roles, other important interested parties (industry, the science community, other countries without current exploration programs), whose advice is important to the development of a consolidated roadmap. Recognizing that the stakeholders in exploration will almost certainly evolve over time, the mechanism also presents the flexibility to accommodate new players (e.g. companies and countries not yet with investments in exploration) in more central roles as they become stakeholders with vested interests in exploration.     

PAN基高模量碳纤维微观结构研究

采用X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)和拉曼光谱(Raman光谱)研究了3种自制PAN基高模量碳纤维(1#,2#,3#)的微观结构,并与M40J,M46J,M55J碳纤维进行了对比。结果表明:3种自制PAN基高模量碳纤维微晶尺寸的大小顺序为3#2#1#;1#到3#碳纤维表面和截面Raman光谱所获得的R值(D峰和G峰的积分强度比)均减小,石墨化程度升高,结晶性变好;1#碳纤维的结晶性介于M40J碳纤维和M46J碳纤维之间,2#和3#介于M46J碳纤维和M55J碳纤维之间;三者的石墨化程度略高于M46J碳纤维。     

社会变迁之中大学生民族精神培育的改进

大学生民族精神的培育面临社会变迁的挑战，社会变迁对大学生的民族精神有不利影响。大学生民族精神培育体系的改进对策有：巩固民族精神培育的基本渠道和拓展民族精神培育的具体方法等。     

外币报表折算理论探讨

外币报表折算属于会计计量问题，折算方法的理论选择与合并报表的编制要求之间存在严重矛盾，其外因是公司管理当局追求收益平衡化，内因则是企业跨国经营拓展了会计计量的空间，非单一货币环境使传统的单一货币计量尺度假设受到冲击。解决矛盾的途径应从计量尺度人手，以货币组合(如：SDR)而不是单一货币作为会计计量尺度或许是一项有益的尝试。     

超低温环境下光纤布里渊频移特性研究

针对高温差和超低温广泛存在的空间环境,了解航天器材料及结构的热应变稳定性对于保障航天环境模拟地面试验的可靠性具有重要意义。布里渊光时域分析（BOTDA）技术能够同时检测温度和应变,且具有高精度、长传感距离、抗电磁干扰及低成本等优势,但作为传感元件的光纤能否适应空间冷黑环境还未可知。文章首先利用BOTDA解调仪获取了2种典型标准单模光纤在超低温下的布里渊增益谱（BGS）,然后通过实验数据分析光纤的超低温性能,最终标定了2种光纤的温度和应变系数。结果表明,受试光纤在超低温下仍能形成洛伦兹形状的BGS,且实际频移量与低温对应的理论频移量一致,满足超低温空间环境下BOTDA传感器的测温范围要求。     

具有星间链路的星座相位设计

通过分析星座空间构形的变化规律，综合考虑星座空间构形对地面覆盖特性、星间链路、空间测量精度以及工作性能的影响，利用改进的层次分析法对星座相位进行优化设计。通过对全球覆盖星座进行仿真，验证了方法的可行性。     

The Perception and Content of Cast Shadows: An Interdisciplinary Review

Abstract

Recently, psychologists have turned their attention to the study of cast shadows and demonstrated that the human perceptual system values information from shadows very highly in the perception of spatial qualities, sometimes to the detriment of other cues. However with some notable and recent exceptions, computer vision systems treat cast shadows not as signal but as noise. This paper provides a concise yet comprehensive review of the literature on cast shadow perception from across the cognitive sciences, including the theoretical information available, the perception of shadows in human and machine vision, and the ways in which shadows can be used.     

Decrease of contractile properties and transversal stiffness of single fibers in human soleus after 7-day “dry” immersion

The simulation model of “dry” immersion was used to evaluate the effects of plantar mechanical stimulation (PMS) and high frequency electromyostimulation (EMS) on the mechanical properties of human soleus fibers under the conditions of gravitational unloading. We examined contractile properties of single fibers by means of tensometry, transversal stiffness of sarcolemma and different areas of the contractile apparatus by means of atomic force microscopy. It was shown that there is a reduction of transversal stiffness in single muscle fibers under hypogravitational conditions. Application of different countermeasures could compensate this effect. Meanwhile pneumostimulation and electro stimulation act in quite different way. Therefore, pneumostimulation seems to be more effective. The data obtained can be considered as the evidence of the fact that such countermeasures as PMS and electromyostimulation influence on muscle fibers in quite different ways and PMS efficiency is likely to be higher. On the basis of our experimental data on transverse stiffness of mechanotransductional nodes and the contractile apparatus, we can assume that support stimulation allows prevention of destructive processes in muscle fibers. Electrostimulation seems to stimulate contractile activity only without suppression of impairment of the fiber mechanical properties.     

光纤嵌入法监测复合材料固化的研究

通过嵌入光纤对芳纶／五氧复合材料板及环氧树脂浇注体的固化进行初步研究，结果表明，光纤嵌入法能准确监测出浇注体及芳纶／环氧复合材料的瞬时固化情况。     

小推力发动机膜冷却工程算法研究

为满足工程上对推力室内部传热流动分析的要求,应用分层流动理论,结合半经验传热和化学反应平衡模型,建立了分析小型液体火箭发动机推力室膜冷却的传热模型。以气氧/煤油发动机为例,初步实现了对定常情况下膜冷却过程的模拟。计算表明,冷却剂的质量分数,燃气的流动状态,喷注器尺寸等因素对冷却效果和发动机总体性能有重要影响。研究结果可为新一代小型液体火箭发动机的研制提供参考。     

导电聚合物降低浇注高能AP/AI/CMDB推进剂感度研究

用撞击感度仪、摩擦感度仪和静电火花感度仪研究了几种导电聚合物及其复配对浇注高能AP/A1/CMDB推进剂感度的影响;初步探讨了导电聚合物降低推进刺感度的机理.结果表明,研究所涉及的导电聚合物均可降低推进刑的撞击感度、摩擦感度和静电火花感度,其中PER和BAZ的效果较好;同时表明,PER和BAZ的复配具有明显的协同效应,...     

谈合并会计报表抵销分录的编制

本文详细介绍了为何要编制合并会计报表,哪些应纳入合并会计报表范围,在公司连续编制情况下, 对以前年度已做抵销的事项在今后编制合并会计报表时为何还要进行抵销进行了论述。