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1.
Aqueous long chain alcohol solutions have a surface tension which presents a minimum as a function of the temperature. At this particular temperature, the dimensionless Marangoni number is vanishing. It is thus expected that around the temperature of the minimum, Marangoni Convection would be slowered with a convective pattern deeply modified. An experiment to be performed in microgravity during the Texus 8 flight is described. 相似文献
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《Acta Astronautica》1986,13(4):197-208
This paper describes the hardware and the conditions of the experiments performed during the D1 mission of Spacelab in November 1985 in order to study the convective behaviour of nonisothermal liquid/gas interfaces under microgravity. The results of the measurements will be given in a forthcoming paper. 相似文献
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文章深入分析高超飞行器与临近空间大气相互作用的基本物理过程,激波加热及粒子碰撞产生等离子体的物理机制,并利用磁热屏蔽效应在高超飞行器模拟器与高速定向流间建立磁化等离子体鞘层,大幅降低中性激波气体向飞行器的能流传递,从而为高超飞行器提供有效的热防护作用。通过两次比对实验验证了磁热屏蔽效应的有效性及工程实施的可行性,为今后研制高韧性、超轻质、可重复使用热防护复合材料提供了实验数据,奠定了技术基础。实验中利用层流等离子体源作为高能流密度热源是热防护实验装备上的创新,层流等离子体源能流截面大、能流密度高,可以针对高超飞行器表面热效应进行全尺寸的模拟实验。 相似文献
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通过研究对接式和搭接式焊缝试板电子束流与焊缝熔深之间的关系、焊接顺序与角变形高度之间的关系,得出了表面张力贮箱前(后)舱推进剂管理装置上(下)组件电子束焊接工艺规范,即加速电压为60 kV,焊接速度为500 mm/min,工作距离为300 mm,电子束流为6 mA,聚焦电流为2.11 A,电子束偏移量为0.1 mm的焊接工艺规范.采用该工艺规范焊接的表面张力贮箱前(后)舱推进剂管理装置上(下)组件焊后和振动试验后的泡破点实测值满足设计要求.该表面张力贮箱已用于某型号上面级液体发动机.该发动机已通过了地面热试车考核. 相似文献
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J.C. Legros 《Acta Astronautica》1986,13(11-12)
Generally, the tension at a liquid/gas interface is decreasing with temperature. For aqueous solution of alcohol, alkylammonium chloride in water, some binary metallic alloys and nematic liquid crystals the surface tension presents an extremum as a function of temperature. The influence of this property on the hydrodynamic stability and on the surface tension induced flows is studied as well theoretically as experimentally. 相似文献
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R Tixador G Richoilley G Gasset H Planel N Moatti L Lapchine L Enjalbert J Raffin R Bost S N Zaloguev M P Bragina A F Moroz N G Antsiferova F M Kirilova 《Acta Astronautica》1985,12(2):131-134
Cytos 2 experiment, carried out during the French-Soviet manned flight (July 1982), has studied the antibiotics sensitivity of bacteria cultivated in vitro during the orbital flight. The results show an increase of the antibiotics resistance and a larger thickness of the cellular envelope for the inflight cells. The increase of antibiotics resistance can be related to a stimulating effect of space on the cell growth rate or to changes of the cellular envelope structure. 相似文献
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A simple parameterization has been developed for determining the actual surface temperature from the effective brightness temperature measured radiometrically in the 11 μm window region. This algorithm allows the computation of atmospheric correction without performing detailed radiative transfer calculations. Correction due to atmospheric water vapor is represented in terms of the integrated water vapor burden. Correction due to variation of surface emittance is represented in terms of its deviation from unity. Parameteric representation has also been developed for simultaneous variation of both parameters. The parameterization is based on model calculations performed with a line-by-line radiative transfer program. Sensitivity of the retrieved surface temperature to uncertainties of water vapor burden and surface emittance have also been examined. 相似文献
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L. F. Chernogor 《Cosmic Research》2011,49(4):292-307
Results of radiophysical and magnetometric observations of dynamical processes in the ionosphere and geomagnetic field that
followed launches of four rockets of different power and made from different launching sites are analyzed. It is found that
the rocket launches were accompanied by an intensification of wave activity in the ionosphere and geomagnetic field. The medium
reactions from various sources (various rockets) were overlapping, which made their identification more difficult. Both ionospheric
and geomagnetic disturbances have, most probably, two groups of propagation velocities: about 1.2–1.7 km s−1 and 440–760 m s−1. Slow MHD waves and internal gravity waves corresponded to these velocities. 相似文献
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The PRISMA in-orbit test bed will demonstrate guidance, navigation, and control strategies for spacecraft formation flying and rendezvous. The project is funded by the Swedish National Space Board and the prime contractor is the Swedish Space Corporation. The project is further supported by the German Aerospace Center, the Technical University of Denmark, and the French Space Agency. PRISMA was launched on June 15, 2010 and after three weeks of operations, all on-board systems and units have passed an initial commissioning phase. Separation of the two PRISMA satellites from each other is expected by mid-August 2010.PRISMA consists of two spacecraft: MAIN and TARGET. The MAIN spacecraft has full orbit control capability while TARGET is attitude controlled only.The Swedish Space Corporation is responsible for three groups of guidance, navigation, and control experiments. These experiments include GPS- and vision-based formation flying during which the spacecraft will fly in passive as well as forced motion. The three experiments are: autonomous formation flying, proximity operations with final approach/recede maneuvers, and autonomous rendezvous. This paper presents system test results from two of these experiments as obtained with the flight-ready system. The system tests consist of a series of simulations performed on the flight model spacecraft with a large amount of hardware in the loop. 相似文献
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Kranz AR Gartenbach KE Shevchenko VV Schopper E Baican B Schott JU Seltz R Heilmann C Dudkin D Nefedov N Potapov Y 《Acta Astronautica》1994,32(11):761-766
Comparison of experimental data obtained from short (SDEF) and long duration exposure flights (LDEF) have recently led to results which will be significant for longer and/or repeated sojourn of man in space. Under orbital conditions biological stress and damage are induced in test subjects by cosmic radiation, especially the high energetic, densely ionizing component of heavy ions. Plant seeds were successful model systems for a biotest in studying the physiological damages and mutagenic effect caused by ionizing cosmic radiation in particular stem cells. Dosimetrically, the subdivision into charge- and Let-groups reveals the contribution of the intermediate group (LET = 350-1000 MeV/cm) due to the medium heavy ions (Z = 6-10). Their relative contribution increases with the lower inclination of the orbit of LDEF-1; on the other hand, the total fluence becomes higher with longer duration of the flight. The observed endpoints of the biological radiation damage hint at a correlation with particle dose rate rather than with the dose; additionally, data on shielding effects inside and outside the space craft and its exposure were gained from the different SDEF- and LDEF-missions. 相似文献
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On board the orbital complex “Salyut-6-Soyuz” during long-term near 0-gravity space flight the technological experiments on synthesis of the superconducting MoGa5, MO3Ga and Nb3Sn intermetallic compounds by means of liquid-phase diffusion and on bulk crystallization of the hypoeutectic superconducting Pb-Sn alloy and magnetically ordered Gd3Co and (Gd0.2Tb0.8)3Co compounds have been performed. During the process of the liquid-phase diffusion considerable changes of the formation of the reaction layers (mechanisms, phase composition, thickness, etc.) in the superconducting Mo-Ga and Nb-Sn systems were observed. MoGa5, Nb6Sn5 and NbSn2 phases were found in the ground-based samples while in the flight samples the formation of MoGa5, Mo3Ga, Nb3Sn and Nb6Sn5 phases was observed. As a result of the changes of the phase composition of the diffusion layers in the flight samples two superconducting transitions at 18.3 and 5.7 K were established (only one transition at 6.9K was measured for the ground-based sample) (Savitsky et al., Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Metals5, 224–232, 1982; Zemskov et al., Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Physics49, 673–680, 1985). Considerable increasing of the critical current measured for the Pb-Sn flight sample has been observed (Savitsky et al., Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR257, 102–104, 1981; Zemskov et al., 1985). Better homogeneity and crystal structure perfection of the flight Gd3Co and (Gd0.2Tb0.8)3Co samples have been established by means of the micro-zonde and low-temperature X-ray technique (Savitsky et al., Acta Astronautica11, 691–696, 1984; Zemskov et al., 1985). Different behaviour of the ground-based and flight samples in the process of magnetization and the displacements of the temperatures of the magnetic phase transitions have been observed. 相似文献
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Selected results from experiments investigating the potentially specific radiobiological importance of the cosmic HZE (= high Z, energetic) particles are discussed. Results from the Biostack space flight experiments, which were designed to meet the experimental requirements imposed by the microdosimetric nature of this radiation field, clearly indicate the existence of radiation mechanisms which become effective only at higher values of LET (linear energy transfer). Accelerator irradiation studies are reviewed which conform with this conjecture. The recently discovered production of "micro-lesions" in mammalian tissues by single HZE particles is possibly the most direct evidence. Open questions concerning the establishment of radiation standards for manned spaceflight, such as late effects, interaction with flight dynamic parameters, and weightlessness, are indicated. 相似文献
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目前在高可靠性应用领域里已开始有限地选用工业级表贴塑封器件。为提高整机的可靠性,需要对表贴塑封器件进行可靠性筛选,而老炼是其中至关重要的环节。相比比较成熟的直插器件的老炼方法而言,表贴塑封器件老炼尚有一些问题需要进一步研究与探讨。文章对表贴塑封器件与直插器件老炼过程中的结温控制方法进行了比较与分析,指出了两者结温控制的主要区别。基于此,提出基于等效热阻估算及结合器件壳温控制结温的表贴塑封器件老炼试验方法,对包括SC-75、UCSP等封装的元器件进行了老炼试验和测试。筛选后的元器件已应用于工程实践,并通过了一系列的试验考核。 相似文献
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This paper presents the results of medical investigations performed in the Salyut-7 8-month mission in which a professional physician took part. The paper contains anthropometric measurements, results of investigating the vestibular function, cardiovascular function at rest and in response to multi-step tests (with emphasis on echocardiographic measurements), metabolic parameters and hormonal status. It also discusses medical aspects of the extravehicular activity. The medical investigations, although some new methods were applied, provided the continuity of methodical approaches and data accumulated in previous missions. 相似文献