热流限制下的最优气动力辅助变轨

以变轨能量消耗最小为优化目标，应用极大值原理研究了飞行过程受热流限制和升力系统约束下的气动力辅助共面变轨问题，飞行过程成分第一自由弧段，约束弧段，第二自由弧段三个部分，讨论了升力系数的最优表达式，分析了飞行过程中两种约束的相互作用，给出了约束弧起始位置的角点条件和终端的横截条件下，对不同的初值选取方法讨论了三种计算策略，并给出了数值算例。     

共面圆轨道最省燃料小推力多次变轨研究

本文研究两个共面圆轨道之间最节省燃料的多次变轨过程。通过分析，得到滑行段起点和终点之间的解析关系式，解决了变轨次数增加带来的计算问题。给出了从近地圆轨道到同面同步轨道的最优多次变轨的计算结果，并进行了分析和讨论     

Optimization of multi-mode rendezvous trajectories with constraints

Approximate numerical methods of optimization of spacecraft rendezvous trajectories are presented that make use of interior point algorithms for problems of linear programming of high dimensionality (tens to hundreds of thousands of variables). The basis of the methods is discretization of a trajectory into small segments in which maneuvers are allowed to be executed; for all segments sets of pseudo-impulses are introduced that determine the possible directions of the spacecraft thrust vector. The terminal conditions are presented in the form of a linear matrix equation. A matrix inequality for the sums of characteristic velocities of pseudo-impulses on each segment is used to make a transformation to the linear programming form. Spacecraft rendezvous trajectories are considered in the neighborhood of circular orbits with the use of multi-mode propulsion systems (including those with low thrust) and existence of boundary conditions at interior points and constraints on the time of operation of the propulsion system at separate segments of the trajectory.     

基于序列近似优化算法的固体运载火箭弹道设计

采用打靶法研究固体运载火箭弹道优化设计问题。针对打靶法中智能优化算法效率、优化问题中约束条件提法等方面的不足,引入序列近似优化算法,提出算法中径向基函数高斯核宽度的高效确定方法。数值仿真实验表明,提出的方法可在基本不带来计算量增加的前提下,显著提高代理模型精度,使序列近似优化算法得到改进,提高优化效率。设计固体运载火箭飞行程序。建立弹道优化设计问题数学模型,并将模型中相关等式约束合理转化为不等式约束,降低优化问题求解难度;基于改进后的序列近似优化算法完成某固体运载火箭弹道优化,原始计算模型调用308次之后便搜索到最优解,较传统智能优化算法显著提高了优化效率,优化方案末助推级液体推进剂消耗比原方案减少25.7%。     

航天器推力器配置的两项新性能指标

以完善推力器配置的性能分析为目的,从推力器配置对误差的鲁棒性以及燃耗这两个角度出发,提出了两项新的性能指标--配置阵的最小奇异值和平均燃耗.首先,由矩阵相关理论引入了配置阵的最小奇异值,并通过算例验证了它反映配置阵抗干扰能力的有效性;然后分析了控制指令的空间分布与配置推力矢量的空间分布之间的关系,通过仿真算例验证了它在反映不同配置的燃耗差异上的有效性.     

多模切换控制方法及其在分导飞行器姿态机动控制中的应用研究

研究一类离散切换系统的鲁棒保性能状态反馈控制器设计问题。利用切换Lyapunov函数和线性矩阵不等式方法,得到了鲁棒保性能控制器存在的一个充分条件,给出了控制器的参数化表示,并将次优保性能控制器的设计问题转化为基于线性矩阵不等式约束下的凸优化问题。最后将所提理论应用于某飞行器的控制方案设计中,说明了本文所提设计方法的有效性。     

一种多级全固体运载火箭上升段自主制导方法

针对多子级全固体运载火箭在终端多约束下的耗尽关机制导问题,设计了一种基于“助推-滑行-助推”飞行模式的真空段自主制导方法。根据轨道动量矩守恒定律,推导出一种同时具有速度和位置矢量约束的定点制导算法(PA)。在PA理论基础上,建立了满足能量匹配的滑行轨道非线性方程组并降阶至一维迭代求解,解决了多级固定总冲约束的两点边值问题。蒙特卡洛仿真结果表明：该算法对固体运载火箭模型的参数偏差和不确定性具有强鲁棒性,并对多终端轨道任务(不同轨道高度和不同载荷质量)具有较强的自适应能力,因此该算法具有重要的理论意义和工程应用价值。     

基于增广观测器的非线性系统执行器故障诊断

针对一类满足李普希茨条件的非线性系统,提出了一种新的执行器故障诊断方法。将执行器故障作为增广状态向量的一部分构造一个增广系统,然后利用线性矩阵不等式方法设计一个增广状态观测器,能够同时获得原系统的状态和执行器故障的渐近估计。利用李亚普诺夫理论分析了增广状态观测器的稳定性和收敛性。最后,将所提出的方法用于卫星姿态控制系统执行器的故障诊断,仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

吸气式超声速导弹爬升段多约束轨迹优化

针对吸气式超声速导弹飞行过程多约束及强耦合的特性,研究了超声速导弹爬升段的轨迹优化设计问题。考虑吸气式推进系统与气动力、飞行轨迹的耦合,对超声速导弹冲压发动机的性能进行分析,揭示了吸气式发动机推力、静压裕度以及余气系数随飞行状态的变化规律;在考虑过载、动压、终端弹道参数及发动机参数等约束的条件下,建立多约束条件下的轨迹优化模型,提出一种适用于此类飞行器飞行轨迹与推力规律的优化设计方法,并对最小油耗的爬升弹道进行优化设计分析。仿真结果表明,该方法能有效解决吸气式超声速导弹多约束轨迹优化问题,可为吸气式超声速导弹的弹道规划与制导律设计提供参考。     

金属基燃料与水反应研究现状及应用前景

金属基燃料与水反应具有能量密度高的特点,可用于水下高速推进,也可用于新一代燃料电池。文中介绍了国外关于金属基燃料与水燃烧反应的一些研究方法和成果,以及金属基燃料与水凝相反应用于燃料电池等方面的研究现状,同时对国内关于金属基燃料与水反应的研究现状做了简要介绍,并对金属基燃料与水反应的应用前景进行了展望。     

基于LMI的H-/H∞故障检测观测器设计

针对系统模型的不确定性、未知输入扰动,为提高对干扰鲁棒性、待检故障敏感性及降低设计的保守性,提出了一种H-/H∞故障检测观测器设计方法,通过无损procedure将非凸约束问题转化为线性矩阵不等式(LMI)约束,采用Schur补引理将H-/H∞故障检测观测器设计转化为凸优化问题的LMI表述;设计了自适应门限以减小故障检测过程中的误报、漏报率。故障检测观测器的设计是借助凸优化问题的数值计算,使设计过程便于实现。提出的算法使未知扰动的鲁棒性及待检故障的敏感性之间具有最优平衡。仿真验证表明,所提算法使残差具有快速的收敛性、较短的故障检测时间。     

面向在轨服务的相对位姿单目视觉确定的凸松弛优化方法

针对非合作目标之间基于特征点的相对位姿单目视觉确定问题,考虑利用自然特征导致误差增大等因素,提出一种基于凸松弛理论和LMI算法的相对位姿求解迭代方法。该方法在基于逆投影线构建的优化模型基础上,首先利用松弛理论将姿态矩阵的单位正交非凸等式约束松弛为不等式凸约束,并证明了松弛后的优化问题与原问题等价,即松弛后的凸问题取得最值时,姿态矩阵满足原等式约束。进一步将松弛后的姿态矩阵不等式凸约束表示成线性矩阵不等式形式,进而利用内点法进行求解,并利用全局收敛性定理证明了该算法的全局收敛性。以在轨服务为背景,仿真试验表明,利用该算法相对位姿可在7次迭代达到收敛,与传统SVD算法相比,在噪声较大的情况下,该算法计算精度提高近一倍,能够快速收敛并具有较强的鲁棒性。     

遗传算法在卫星发动机安装调整优化中的应用研究

常规的发动机安装参数仅考虑发动机推力矢量偏差的影响,文章给出了一种新的发动机安装调整方法,综合考虑了发动机推力矢量参数、卫星质心和发动机安装过程中的几何约束等多种因素,选择遗传算法进行问题的求解。通过仿真示例进行了验证,结果表明:在满足发动机安装几何约束的前提下,文章提出的优化方法对减小干扰力矩有显著作用,发动机按照优化后的参数进行安装,可以进一步减小干扰力矩,从而节省燃料,延长卫星在轨服务寿命。此研究结果可为工程中确定发动机安装参数提供参考。     

Conditions of the Maximum Principle in the Problem of Optimal Control over an Aggregate of Dynamic Systems and Their Application to Solution of the Problems of Optimal Control of Spacecraft Motion

The necessary first-order conditions of strong local optimality (conditions of maximum principle) are considered for the problems of optimal control over a set of dynamic systems. To derive them a method is suggested based on the Lagrange principle of removing constraints in the problems on a conditional extremum in a functional space. An algorithm of conversion from the problem of optimal control of an aggregate of dynamic systems to a multipoint boundary value problem is suggested for a set of systems of ordinary differential equations with the complete set of conditions necessary for its solution. An example of application of the methods and algorithm proposed is considered: the solution of the problem of constructing the trajectories of a spacecraft flight at a constant altitude above a preset area (or above a preset point) of a planet's surface in a vacuum (for a planet with atmosphere beyond the atmosphere). The spacecraft is launched from a certain circular orbit of a planet's satellite. This orbit is to be determined (optimized). Then the satellite is injected to the desired trajectory segment (or desired point) of a flyby above the planet's surface at a specified altitude. After the flyby the satellite is returned to the initial circular orbit. A method is proposed of correct accounting for constraints imposed on overload (mixed restrictions of inequality type) and on the distance from the planet center: extended (nonpointlike) intermediate (phase) restrictions of the equality type.     

Fuel optimum low-thrust elliptic transfer using numerical averaging

Low-thrust electric propulsion is increasingly being used for spacecraft missions primarily due to its high propellant efficiency. As a result, a simple and fast method for low-thrust trajectory optimization is of great value for preliminary mission planning. However, few low-thrust trajectory tools are appropriate for preliminary mission design studies. The method presented in this paper provides quick and accurate solutions for a wide range of transfers by using numerical orbital averaging to improve solution convergence and include orbital perturbations. Thus, preliminary trajectories can be obtained for transfers which involve many revolutions about the primary body. This method considers minimum fuel transfers using first-order averaging to obtain the fuel optimum rates of change of the equinoctial orbital elements in terms of each other and the Lagrange multipliers. Constraints on thrust and power, as well as minimum periapsis, are implemented and the equations are averaged numerically using a Gausian quadrature. The use of numerical averaging allows for more complex orbital perturbations to be added in the future without great difficulty. The effects of zonal gravity harmonics, solar radiation pressure, and thrust limitations due to shadowing are included in this study. The solution to a transfer which minimizes the square of the thrust magnitude is used as a preliminary guess for the minimum fuel problem, thus allowing for faster convergence to a wider range of problems. Results from this model are shown to provide a reduction in propellant mass required over previous minimum fuel solutions.     

基于模糊观测器的不确定非线性系统故障检测方法

给出了一种不确定非线性系统的基于模糊观测器的故障诊断方法。用T-S模型描述不确定非线性系统,从而得到一种新的模糊观测器,并给出了其稳定性约束条件LMI。将模糊观测器和实际系统的输出之差作为残差可对不确定非线性系统进行故障检测。最后给出了一个控制系统感应电机的故障诊断应用实例。     

Optimal sliding-mode guidance with terminal velocity constraint for fixed-interval propulsive maneuvers

An optimal strategy based on minimum control effort with terminal position and velocity constraints is developed for an exoatmospheric interceptor in order to generate effective intercept for fixed-interval propulsive maneuvers. It is then integrated with sliding-mode control theory to derive a robust optimal guidance law. In addition, this guidance law is generalized for intercepting an arbitrarily time-varying target maneuver. The new guidance method's robustness against disturbances and good miss distance performance are proved by the second method of Lyapunov and simulation results. The presented guidance law is simple to implement in practical applications and requires less acceleration command in comparison to optimal guidance law.     

载人机动装置救援轨迹优化设计

本文研究宇航员携带舱外机动装置（ＭＭＵ）进行舱外飞行，营救脱离空间站的目标，随后返回空间站的Ｈｉｌｌ制导方法。根据最小燃料指标，精度要求和时间约束，优化设计ＭＭＵ出舱营救脱离空间站的宇航员或其它装置的飞行轨迹。求出１７种典型情况下的最小燃料解，提出了救援轨迹设计准则。本文分析了ＭＭＵ交会目标过程中，导航和控制误差对Ｈｉｌｌ制导瞄准误差的影响，提出了用多脉冲Ｈｉｌｌ制导按标称最优轨迹飞行的设计方案，     

月球探测器动力下降段最优轨迹参数化方法

为保证月球探测器进入姿态调整段时具有充分的高度与速度余量,本文提出一种基于控制变量参数化的月球探测器动力下降段最优轨迹求解方法。在三维探测器软着陆动力学模型基础上,将月球探测器软着陆制导律设计等效为燃料最优约束下的探测器俯仰角控制问题,利用控制变量参数化(Control Variables Parameterization, CVP)方法将该控制问题中的控制变量与约束条件转化为非线性规划问题求解,并引入时间尺度变换,将着陆时间序列加入待规划参数,进而求得满足精度的最优数值解。蒙特卡罗仿真实验表明,与传统的显式制导律相比,本文提出的参数化制导方法在动力下降段燃料更省,动力下降段的起始高度在±20%范围内波动时,仍能以高精度速度和高度指标完成末制导。