非工作状态下电液伺服机构运动分析

针对电液伺服机构安装到运载火箭后存在非工作状态下承受外力并产生被动运动的现状,分析伺服机构的受力情况并构建内部液体流动回路,研究非工作状态下伺服机构在外力作用时的运动特性。发现伺服阀零位特性以及伺服机构高压回路密封性能是影响伺服机构非工作状态下运动特性的主要因素。在外力作用下发生运动时油缸某一侧往往处于抽真空状态。使用零位特性良好的伺服阀以及高压回路泄漏小的伺服机构,在外力作用下将处于双向不动或单向可动的状况。利用典型产品开展了物理试验,验证了结论的有效性。     

卫星液体晃动气浮台仿真试验系统的运动分析

本文通过边界元数值法求解了部分充液自旋球腔内的液体晃动问题。以流体运动的基本方程和系统运动的Ｅｕｌｅｒ动力学方程为基础，考虑了贮箱偏置、涡旋、重力及Ｃｏｒｉｏｌｉｓ力等因素对流体晃动和系统运动状态的影响，求解出液体的速度场，并在此基础上估算液体的能量耗散率和系统的章动时间常数     

火工展开机构负载模拟试验系统特性分析

文章介绍了某型号火工展开机构负载模拟试验系统的结构形式及工作原理,通过摆杆滑块机构与气体加载气缸直接联动,实现了加载的快速响应。文章对此机构进行了运动学分析和动力学分析,应用Matlab运算平台求解出机构运动的相关曲线以及加载力曲线,并对加载力试验结果进行了对比分析和理论分析。通过比较,两条曲线在两端的数据平均误差较小(小于5%),而曲线中间的平均数据误差较大(约为10%左右),实际试验加载曲线位置略高于理论设计曲线。     

Variation of the Satellite Orbit Altitude by the Light Pressure Force

The possibility of the uncontrolled increase of the altitude of an almost circular satellite orbit by the force of the light pressure is investigated. The satellite is equipped with a damper and a system of mirrors (solar batteries can serve as such a system). The flight of the satellite takes place in the mode of a single-axis gravitational orientation, the axis of its minimum principal central moment of inertia makes a small angle with the local vertical and the motion of the satellite around this axis constitutes forced oscillations under the impact of the moment of force of the light pressure. The form of the oscillations and the initial orbit are chosen so that the transverse component of the force of the light pressure acting upon the satellite be positive and the semimajor axis of the orbit would continuously increase. As this takes place, the orbit remains almost circular. We investigate the evolution of the orbit over an extended time interval by the method which employs separate integration of the equations of the orbital and rotational motions of the satellite. The method includes outer and inner cycles. The outer cycle involves the numerical integration of the averaged equations of motion of the satellite center of mass. The inner cycle serves to calculate the right-hand sides of these equations. It amounts to constructing an asymptotically stable periodic motion of the satellite in the mode of a single-axis gravitational orientation for current values of the orbit elements and to averaging the equations of the orbital motion along it. It is demonstrated that the monotone increase of the semimajor axis takes place during the first 15 years of motion. In actuality, the semimajor axis oscillates with a period of about 60 years. The eccentricity and inclination of the orbit remain close to their initial values.     

失效卫星电磁消旋涉及的地磁扰动计算及磁场源优化设计方法

以失效卫星为代表的空间碎片受各种扰动因素影响,其旋转速度可达几到几十(°)/s。这种旋转运动给碎片清除带来困难,因此对旋转空间碎片进行消旋势在必行。电磁消旋因其非接触、无碰撞特性得到广泛关注,但在实际应用中须首先判别地磁场与磁场源相互作用产生的扰动力和力矩。文章在简要介绍基于旋转磁场的电磁消旋方法的基础上,建立电磁消旋过程中的电磁扰动力和力矩的分析模型,仿真分析计算地磁扰动力及力矩的分布,并给出减小地磁扰动的源磁场结构设计原则。通过设计组合式磁场源,优化磁场源各个磁体的磁化方向排布,可减小磁场源总磁矩以及地磁扰动。     

Structure of the Large-Scale Vortex Motions in the Ionosphere E Region

It is shown that the dissipative-centrifugal instability (DCI) revealed earlier for large-scale two-dimension vortex motions of the neutral gas in a fast-rotating atmosphere is also possible for similar motions of a weakly ionized gas in the magnetic field when one takes into account electrodynamics forces (the induction deceleration and gyroscopic force caused by the Hall current) in the absence of dissipation. In the case of a conductive atmosphere, strictly anticyclone motion at a DCI of the neutral atmosphere could be impossible or (depending on the Hall conductivity value) it could even change to a cyclone motion. Experimental results that can be considered as a confirmation of the theoretical conclusions are presented.     

The use of a movable telescoping end mass system for the time-optimal control of spinning spacecraft

The time-optimal control of a spin-stabilized spacecraft with a movable telescoping appendage (boom), is considered analytically and numerically. The motion of a control mass at the end of the boom is determined such that the terminal time will be minimized for two-axis control of a symmetric spacecraft. The equations of rotational motion are linearized about the desired state of spin about the symmetry axis. The equations for the transverse angular velocity components have the form of a coupled two dimensional harmonic oscillator with boom motion as a control force. The control function which brings the system to the desired state is known to be a series of positive and negative pulses. If the initial state is such that the system can be driven to rest in a single switch, the responses, switching and final times, and required boom motion may be determined analytically. Some typical numerical results based on these solutions are discussed.     

Lift force acting on the cylinder in viscous liquid under vibration

The averaged lift force acting on a solid in viscous liquid in case of translational or rotary vibrations of a cavity is experimentally investigated. Experiments are performed with a heavy cylinder; different types of vibrations, translational and rotational, are investigated. It is found that the vibrations excite the mean lift force which could provide the suspension of solid even in gravity field. The repulsion lift force acts on the body near the walls of the vibrating cavity. It is caused by the viscous hydrodynamic interaction of oscillating body with the wall and is significant at a distance comparable with the thickness of Stokes layer. The intensification of vibration results in the excitation of tangential lift force, which is caused by the brake of the symmetry of the body's oscillations with respect to the cavity wall. In case of rotary vibrations the lift force of high intensity manifests itself in the bulk of the cavity due to the interaction of body with the oscillating shear flow. The mean dynamics of the solid body in a cavity under the rotary vibrations is determined by the combined action of two averaged vibrational effects—levitation of the body in the oscillating shear flow and hydrodynamic interaction of the body with the wall. In case of translational vibrations the dynamics of the solid is mainly determined by interaction with the walls. The experiments demonstrate that the vibrations have strong mean effect on the bodies in liquid; they could be used for efficient control of solid inclusions in microgravity and must be taken into account in space experiments and technologies.     

带移动负载海上浮筒系统运动响应特性初步研究

将某类海上自动作业系统简化为带移动负载的浮筒系统,其中负载简化为外径为180mm、约50kg重的柱型体,浮筒为外径533mm的圆筒;初步设计了浮筒系统的主参数。在此基础上,采用频域数值模拟计算,获得了浮筒自由状态下的固有周期和运动响应传递函数(RAO);再采用时域模拟方法,预报了3级海况下(JONSWAP谱)浮筒系统整体的运动响应特性,给出了运动响应幅值、最小干舷高度等特性参数,可为相关装备设计提供技术参考和借鉴。     

One Integrable Case of the Perturbed Two-Body Problem

The motion of a particle in a perturbed gravitational field of a point mass is considered. A constant force is taken as a perturbation. The L-matrix is selected in such a manner that in regular coordinates the separation of variables takes place. Integration of the equations of motion of the problem under consideration is carried out. The solutions are expressed in terms of elliptic functions. A qualitative investigation of the integrals of motion is made, and numerical examples are presented.     

Changes in the vestibular function during space flight

An analysis of observations and investigations carried out in space flight has shown that some cosmonauts and astronauts have experienced vestibular disorders during the transition to weightlessness. Vestibular-sensory disorders include: Spatial illusions (the feelings of falling down, being in an upside-down position, the sensations of rotation of the craft or the body) and vertigo occurring during the onset of the orbital flight and head movements; Feelings, similar to those experienced in response to Coriolis accelerations on the Earth, which occasionally develop in weightlessness during the spacecraft rotation upon abrupt head and body movements and restrained feet; Feelings "of the load on the vestibular analyser which is unlike any Earth-bound effects" upon abrupt head movements during the first hours of an orbital flight and "a prolonged movement" during the switch-off of thrusters in weightlessness. Vestibular-vegetative disorders comprise a complex of symptoms similar to those of motion sickness: loss of appetite, stomach awareness (12%), hypersalination, nausea (9.6%) and vomiting (4.8%). Soviet studies suggest that the vestibular tolerance to the flight effects depends on the natural stability and training to the cumulative effect of adequate vestibular stimuli. This has been used in the development of the system of vestibular selection. Changes in the vestibular function seem to play the major role in the development of motion sickness in weightlessness, extra-labyrinthine factors being contributory. The current hypotheses have not yet been adequately confirmed in experiments. A detailed physiological analysis allows the conclusion that the decisive factor in the development of motion sickness may be the disturbance of the function of analysers responsible for spatial orientation which take the form of sensory conflicts as well as an altered reactivity of the organism due to the hemodynamic rearrangement.     

Analysis of the dynamics of the deployed aerodynamic space tether system

An analysis of the motion of a deployed space system that consists of two end bodies connected by a tether has been considered. One of the bodies has a relatively large ballistic coefficient that ensures aerodynamic braking or the stabilization of the motion of the entire system in relatively low near-Earth orbits. The deployment of this system mainly occurs due to the action of aerodynamic forces. Several ways of deploying the system have been analyzed, including (1) the uncontrolled release of the tether with hardly any braking; (2) deployment with constant braking force; (3) the dynamic control law without feedback, when the resistance force varies according to a set program; (4) a kinematic control law with feedback when programs are set for varying the velocity and length of the tether release. To analyze the dynamics of the system, a mathematical model of motion has been constructed in which the motion of the end bodies relative to their centers of mass is taken into account.     

一种新型微谐振陀螺及其灵敏度改进型(英文)

设计的新型微机械陀螺采用了谐振敏感原理,其具有直接准数字式频率输出、高灵敏度、结构设计灵活、自解耦等优点。由于灵敏度是谐振式陀螺的一个重要指标且对其他指标有重要影响,本文重点对其进行优化设计。从仿真结果可以看出,在保证其他性能的前提下,起始结构方案、改进结构方案1、改进结构方案2和最终方案的灵敏度值分别为0.080、0.210、0.341和0.5447Hz/(°/s)。通过对比可得,每次改进过程,灵敏度都有较大提高。经分析,驱动方向上DETF的振幅减到外质量块振幅的1.16×10-4。测量范围为±300°/s,在测量范围内,线性度为6.41×10-7。     

Evolution of motion of two viscoelastic planets in the field of forces of their mutual attraction

Translational-rotational motion of two viscoelastic planets in a gravitational force field is studied. The planets are modeled by homogeneous isotropic viscoelastic bodies. In their natural undeformed state each of the planets represents a sphere. We investigate a specific case when the planet’s centers of mass move in a fixed plane, the axis of rotation for each planet being directed along the normal to this plane. An equation describing the evolution of a slow angular variable (perihelion longitude) is derived. The observed displacement of the perihelion of Mercury is compared with the results obtained in the considered model problem about motion of two viscoelastic planets. Quite important is the fact that the planet of smaller mass (Mercury) moves not in a central Newtonian field of forces, but rather in the gravitational field of a rotating viscoelastic planet (Sun).     

轨控喷流干扰气动-运动一体化非定常数值模拟

针对运动条件对反作用控制喷流控制气动干扰的影响,基于雷诺平均N-S方程,建立非定常气动--运动一体化方法,通过计算流体力学(CFD)/刚体动力学(RBD)耦合求解,对一种采用轨控喷流直接力控制的锥柱裙外形进行了数值模拟,研究了干扰流场结构、力和力矩与飞行器状态随时间变化特性,分析了运动非定常计算和定常计算的对比结果以及外流参数(马赫数,攻角等)变化对气动运动特性的影响。研究结果表明：轨控喷流使飞行器运动时存在强烈的非定常特性,定常计算的法向力放大系数和干扰俯仰力矩大于运动非定常计算结果。     

复杂结构充液航天器晃动动力学与姿态稳定性

复杂充液航天器的晃动及其对控制系统的影响是当前空间高技术的重要问题。 本文首先由力学变分原理导出充液复杂系统的方程式,其中包括流体力学方程和相应的边界条件,以及弹性连续介质力学方程;特别是,考虑了强毛细作用力的影响。其次,考查了微重条件下带有隔板的贮箱内的液体晃动、带有网孔隔板腔体内的液体晃动和粘弹性隔板对抑制晃动的作用。另外,本文将分析带有多腔充液自旋卫星的姿态稳定性,以及晃动、液体涡旋、贮箱偏置,能量耗散和哥氏加速度对卫星运动的影响。最后,讨论了多体系统充液挠性空间飞行器的稳定性问题。 同时,本文给出了数值计算结果和某些试验结果,并与理论分析作了对比。     

柔索驱动式航天员虚拟微重力训练系统控制与实验

针对现有的航天员地面微重力训练设备存在成本高、单次训练时间短、模拟精度低等问题,提出了一种柔索驱动的航天员虚拟微重力训练系统。通过采样航天员对作业对象的操作力,控制柔索驱动虚拟物体(末端执行器)运动,使虚拟物体符合在微重力环境中的运动规律。建立了柔索驱动训练系统的动力学模型,分析了系统的特性。针对传统力伺服系统多余力对控制力精度影响较大且难以克服的问题,提出了一种使用弹簧产生柔索张力的并联柔索全位置型控制方法,并引入力/速局部反馈的控制策略。实验结果表明,系统克服多余力效果明显,可以获得较高的驱动力控制精度;虚拟质量在操作力作用下的运动符合在微重力环境中的运动规律,且有较高的模拟精度;系统稳定性良好,可以实现微重力环境中移动不同质量物体的虚拟作业训练。     

On the planar inertial motion of a system of three coupled bodies

Numerous papers are devoted to studying the motion of a system (coupling) of two bodies in the Earth’s satellite orbit ([1–4] and others). The problem on the planar inertial motion of three bodies, coupled by a non-extensible weightless string having the form of an unfastened chain, is considered in the paper. Such a configuration can be represented, for example, by a system of two coupled spacecraft rotating around their common center of mass (in order to simulate the gravity force) in long-term space missions, when the third body (the lift) is located on a connecting cable. The bodies are considered to be the material points (particles).     

Convection of liquid with internal heat release in a rotating container

The convection of heat-generating fluid in a rotating horizontal cylinder is experimentally investigated. The threshold of convection excitation, the structure of convective flows and the heat transfer in the cylinder depending on the heat release capacity, liquid viscosity and aspect ratio of the cavity are studied. It is found that the average convection is excited by the thermovibrational mechanism —the gravity force, rotating in the cavity frame, produces the oscillations of non-isothermal fluid relative to the wall, which in turn result in excitation of mean convective flows. It is shown that the structure of convective flows depends on the dimensionless velocity of rotation. At relatively low rotation velocity the convection develops in the form of a periodic system of vortices regularly distributed along the cylinder axis. The threshold of excitation (critical value of vibration parameter) of three-dimensional vortex structures grows with rotation velocity. Above some definite rotation velocity the convection develops as two-dimensional rolls parallel to the axis of rotation. The threshold of two-dimensional structures excitation does not depend on the rotation velocity. Besides the structure of thermal convective flows the analysis of the relatively weak currents generated by the inertial waves below the threshold of convection is performed.