主控格栅反射器基体结构/压电作动器参数集成优化设计

为提高反射器形面控制能力和减小在轨热变形，本文以锆钛酸铅压电陶瓷(PZT)驱动的主控格栅反射器为研究对象，开展反射器基体结构和PZT压电作动器参数的集成优化设计研究。首先，建立主控格栅反射器有限元模型并通过实验验证了有限元模型的正确性。然后，以形面控制能力最大和热变形最小为目标函数，以设计变量上限、下限和结构基频为约束，采用遗传算法(GA)和非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA II)求解。最后，给出多个仿真算例的优化结果。仿真结果表明，控制能力最大的单目标优化，其热变形远大于控制能力，多目标的帕累托(Pareto)最优前沿可以给出更合理的设计方案。通过优化设计可以显著提高形面控制能力和减小热变形。     

基于在轨热环境的可展开天线反射面精度调整技术

随着宇航事业的发展,网状展开天线的尺寸越来越大,对形面精度要求越来越高(特别是高频段),在轨热环境与地面调整点的热环境差别大,必须采用基于在轨热环境的网面精度调整技术以满足反射面的精度要求。就在轨热环境下的辅助牵引面式网面精度调整技术的理论分析及调整方法进行了探讨,给出了计及在轨热环境的网面形状精度调整的基本理论公式及调整步骤,并对某样机进行了调整计算。计算结果表明,文中的分析、公式、方法是正确的,可行的。     

星载天线反射器形面主动控制研究现状与展望

星载天线是卫星系统的重要载荷,在远距离微波遥感、深空探测、军事侦查以及通信等领域起着决定性作用.随着天线频率和增益需求的不断提高,大口径、高精度成为星载天线主要发展方向.传统被动方法难以保证反射器在轨形面精度,而主动控制技术正成为解决这一问题的重要选择.介绍了天线反射器形面主动控制技术相关研究工作的进展,内容涉及形面主...     

真空低温太阳辐照环境下的天线热变形测量技术

航天器结构在轨受到空间外热流影响而产生巨大温度梯度,将导致结构热致变形,为了保证有关地面模拟考核验证的有效性,必须对在轨外热流进行尽可能真实的模拟,同时采用高精度的热变形测量手段获取航天器的结构变形数据。文章介绍了一种热变形测试试验方法,系国内首次将太阳模拟器外热流模拟法和非接触摄影测量法结合应用在某天线的地面模拟热变形测试试验中,在真实模拟天线在轨温度分布的同时精确获取了天线上大量的点云变形数据。经数据比较分析,天线变形实测数据与在轨仿真分析一致,在1.5 m口径范围内的变形测量精度优于15 μm,验证了该测试试验方法的有效性,为航天器结构的在轨热效应模拟和测试评估提供了新的试验手段。     

Structure design and mechanical measurement of inflatable antenna

This paper deals with the initial shape analysis, cutting-pattern analysis, surface accuracy measurement and modal testing of high-precision inflatable antennas reflectors that are intended for spaceflight applications. The initial shape analysis method, formulated on the basis of membrane theory and elastic mechanics, determines the required as-manufactured shape of the reflective surface of the antenna reflector. On the other hand, the cutting-pattern analysis method, with its formulation based on spring-mass representations, numerically calculates the required cutting pattern of the planar membrane gores that are to be assembled to form the 3-dimensional reflective surface. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed analysis methods, a 3.2-m antenna reflector model was designed, manufactured, and assembled for ground demonstration and testing. The reflective surface accuracy of this demonstration reflector model was measured by a photogrammetric measuring system. Shape adjustments of the reflective surface were performed by systematically adjusting the tension in the cables that were used to mount the reflector to its support structure. It was found that the reflective surface accuracy of the reflector model, as defined by its RMS error from a best-fit parabolic shape, was less than 1 mm. In addition, dynamic and RF tests were also performed on the demonstration reflector model. The test results indicated that the first-mode frequency of the reflector model agreed well with the corresponding analytical prediction, and its radiation pattern was also well focused.     

基于三维有限元的火箭模态振型斜率预示方法研究

振型斜率火箭是姿控系统设计的重要参数,对飞行任务的可靠性与安全性有着至关重要的作用。依据全箭动特性的测量原理及参数定义,结合三维有限元建模方法和模型修正技术,全面考虑了速率陀螺、惯组安装位置处的局部刚度对振型和振型斜率的影响,建立了基于局部细节精细化建模的全箭模态振型斜率预示方法,并总结了3种不同的振型斜率提取方法,提高了振型斜率的预示精度。同时提供了三维模型振型一维化的方法,解决了使用三维有限元模型计算弹性运动方程式系数的难题。     

星载天线反射面型面热变形影响因素分析

星载天线在轨运行时受到周期性的温度变化影响,天线反射面会发生热变形,影响天线增益.热膨胀系数是描述结构热变形的重要参数,并且会随温度变化;在进行结构热变形分析时若将热膨胀系数视为常数会给仿真分析带来误差.文章以抛物面天线反射面为研究对象,考虑热膨胀系数随温度的变化,针对ULE玻璃和M55层合板材料的反射面,仿真分析反射...     

空间可展开天线结构研究进展

扼要综述了空间可展开天线结构的发展及目前的国际动态,叙述了空间可展开天线结构、设计及分析中的主要研究课题及其目前的进展。指出“把多体动力学与有限元法相结合的综合动力学建模法”、“辩识模型后,用预测控制和优化的思想进行展开过程控制”、“用多约束优化法调整网状天线反射面形状精度”等是适合我国目前状况的较好方法。     

星载大型空间天线的一种解耦控制方法

针对星载大型空间可展开天线与卫星平台之间的动力学耦合问题提出一种三自由度驱动与测量机构用于连接天线臂与卫星平台。该机构以驱动电机来控制天线臂转动,通过角度传感器对天线臂转角的测量来实现反馈控制,同时在卫星姿态控制系统中引入前馈控制进行反作用力矩补偿,实现卫星平台与天线之间的解耦控制、抑制天线的振动、提高卫星姿态控制系统的性能。通过姿态稳定状态下卫星-天线系统解耦动力学模型的建立、控制系统的设计、姿态控制的仿真分析,表明解耦机构能大幅增加天线振动的阻尼,有效提高卫星稳定性和天线指向精度。     

旋转受照状态下天线温度场仿真分析

在进行星表天线地面真空热环境试验过程中,传统的红外加热设备会造成测量光路遮挡、降温速率减慢等影响。为提高试验准确性,提出了基于天线旋转受照的真空热试验方法。利用虚拟热试验平台对旋转受照状态下天线温度场进行仿真分析,得到天线温度场的分布与变化,并与试验数据对比,验证了仿真建模的准确性和试验方法的可行性。     

网状天线的反射面形状精度调整

随着宇航事业的发展，网状展开天线的尺寸越来越大，对形面精度要求越来越高（特点是高频段），必须采用网面精度调整技术以满足反射面的精度要求。本文就辅助牵引面式网面精度调整技术的理论分析及调整方法进行了探讨，给出了网面形状精度调整的基本理论公式及调整步骤，并对某样机进行了调整计算。计算结果表明，文中的分析、公式、方法是正确的，可行的。     

Plastic Cubesat: An innovative and low-cost way to perform applied space research and hands-on education

This paper describes the design and the manufacturing of a Cubesat platform based on a plastic structure.The Cubesat structure has been realized in plastic material (ABS) using a “rapid prototyping” technique. The “rapid prototyping” technique has several advantages including fast implementation, accuracy in manufacturing small parts and low cost. Moreover, concerning the construction of a small satellite, this technique is very useful thanks to the accuracy achievable in details, which are sometimes difficult and expensive to realize with the use of tools machine. The structure must be able to withstand the launch loads. For this reason, several simulations using an FEM simulation and an intensive vibration test campaign have been performed in the system development and test phase. To demonstrate that this structure is suitable for hosting a complete satellite system, offering innovative integrated solutions, other subsystems have been developed and assembled.Despite its small size, this single unit (1U) Cubesat has a system for active attitude control, a redundant telecommunication system, a payload camera and a photovoltaic system based on high efficiency solar cells.The developed communication subsystem has small dimensions, low power consumption and low cost. An example of the innovations introduced is the antenna system, which has been manufactured inside the ABS structure. The communication protocol which has been implemented, the AX.25 protocol, is mainly used by radio amateurs. The communication system has the capability to transmit both telemetry and data from the payload, in this case a microcamera.The attitude control subsystem is based on an active magnetic system with magnetorquers for detumbling and momentum dumping and three reaction wheels for fine control. It has a total dimension of about 50×50×50 mm. A microcontroller implements the detumbling control law autonomously taking data from integrated magnetometers and executes pointing maneuvers on the basis of commands received in real time from ground.The subsystems developed for this Cubesat have also been designed to be scaled up for larger satellites such as 2U or 3U Cubesats. The additional volume can be used for more complex payloads. Thus the satellite can be used as a low cost platform for companies, institutions or universities to test components in space.     

某数字摄影测量系统精度量化评估方法

受到测量试验中被测目标尺寸及结构、控制场布局、测量网形等现场因素的影响,工业数字摄影测量系统的实际测试精度达不到理论精度。文章以V-STARS摄影测量系统为例,针对大型平面天线热变形测量需求,创新性地提出了线型测量精度和面型测量精度的指标,对摄影测量系统的实际测量精度进行了定量评估。测量结果表明,该测量系统的实际测量精度满足0.1 mm的测试精度要求。该精度标定方法可为各类型摄影测量系统的实际测量精度评价提供一种直观、可靠的手段。     

真空低温环境用高精度CCD摄影测量系统

文章介绍了一套高精度CCD摄影测量系统,该系统是专门为在真空低温环境下的摄影测量而研制的,主要应用于卫星天线在模拟真空低温环境下的冷热变形测量试验。在试验过程中当卫星天线处于不同温度时,采用此系统对卫星天线表面进行高精度实时拍摄,将拍摄得到的数字图像传输给专门的图像处理软件分析,就能够得到卫星天线表面的变形数据。该系统的设计思想还可以扩展到其他小型设备在真空低温环境或其他特殊环境下的应用中。     

The Use of Quaternions in the Optimal Control Problems of Motion of the Center of Mass of a Spacecraft in a Newtonian Gravitational Field: I

The problem of optimal control is considered for the motion of the center of mass of a spacecraft in a central Newtonian gravitational field. For solving the problem, two variants of the equations of motion for the spacecraft center of mass are used, written in rotating coordinate systems. Both the variants have a quaternion variable among the phase variables. In the first variant this variable characterizes the orientation of an instantaneous orbit of the spacecraft and (simultaneously) the spacecraft location in this orbit, while in the second variant only the instantaneous orbit orientation is specified by it. The suggested equations are convenient in the respect that they allow the general three-dimensional problem of optimal control by the motion of the spacecraft center of mass to be considered as a composition of two interrelated problems. In the first variant these problems are (1) the problem of control of the shape and size of the spacecraft orbit and (2) the problem of control of the orientation of a spacecraft orbit and the spacecraft location in this orbit. The second variant treats (1) the problem of control of the shape and size of the spacecraft orbit and the orbit location of the spacecraft and (2) the problem of control of the orientation of the spacecraft orbit. The use of quaternion variables makes this consideration most efficient. The problem of optimal control is solved on the basis of the maximum principle. Several first integrals of the systems of equations of the boundary value problems of the maximum principle are found. Transformations are suggested that reduce the dimensions of the systems of differential equations of boundary value problems (without complicating them). Geometrical interpretations are given to the transformations and first integrals. The relation of the vectorial first integral of one of the derived systems of equations (which is an analog of the well-known vectorial first integral of the studied problem of optimal control) with the found quaternion first integral is considered. In this paper, which is the first part of the work, we consider the models of motion of the spacecraft center of mass that employ quaternion variables. The problem of optimal control by the motion of the spacecraft center of mass is investigated on the basis of the first variant of equations of motion. An example of a numerical solution of the problem is given.     

星载大型反射面天线主动振动抑制建模分析方法

为研究抑制星载大型反射面天线的在轨振动,文章给出一种基于压电材料的天线臂主动振动抑制建模分析方法。该方法基于整星刚柔耦合动力学模型,通过将压电材料的应力等价为内力矩,应变等价为位移差分,获得卫星动力学、振动抑制与姿态控制的解析式耦合计算模型,进而预测振动抑制后的天线振动传递特性和响应。以某带大型反射面天线的卫星为例,分别从压电材料布局和计算边界条件角度给出主动振动抑制的时域、频域分析结果,并进行对比。分析结果表明:文章所提出的方法能够实现压电材料在天线臂上的布局优化以及获知天线臂主动振动抑制效果。     

用户星天线指向控制设计初探

在数据中继卫星系统中，为保证用户星和中继星间的通信，用户星天线要精确指向中继星。由于天线指向系统和姿态控制系统间存在动态耦合，天线桅杆又有拉伸和扭转变形，所以仅靠卫星的姿态控制不能达到要求的指向精度，必须采用独立的指向控制系统。本文针对这一情况，首先分析了用户星天线指向跟踪信号，并设计单轴天线控制器。仿真结果表明，用典型跟踪信号作为输入，可得到满意的跟踪精度。     

Passive Magnetic Attitude Control System for the Munin Nanosatellite

The instrumental and applied problems related to the design of a passive magnetic attitude control system for the Munin nanosatellite are considered. The system is constructed from a strong permanent magnet and a set of hysteresis rods. These rods are made of magnetically soft material using a special technology, and they allow us to support the satellite orientation with respect to the local magnetic field vector with a given accuracy and time response. By using asymptotic and numerical methods, we investigate the satellite dynamics for different models of hysteresis. The issues concerning the arrangement of the rods and their interaction with the fields of permanent magnets mounted onboard the satellite are discussed.     

基于智能机械臂的任意扫描曲面天线测试系统

传统的天线测试技术已趋成熟,这些系统主要由扫描架与转台构成,体量大且造价相对高昂.而随着人工智能技术和制造水平的巨幅提升,机械臂产业已得到广泛应用,利用高精度机械臂代替扫描架与伺服控制,加之数据后处理算法,开创了天线测试领域的新纪元.研究的基于智能机械臂的任意曲面天线测试系统为国内天线测试领域的首例实践,可实现任意扫描...     

Advanced high capacity domestic satellite communications system

This paper describes a concept of multibeam high capacity transmission possible with a 30/20 GHz and 50/40 GHz domestic satellite communication system. The relationship between satellite antenna pointing accuracy and multi-beam antenna interference, as well as the relationship between satellite antenna pointing accuracy and multi-satellite interference are looked at.The ultra high capacity domestic satellite communication system will have multi-beam antennas with a 76.0 dB at both 20 GHz and 40 GHz. These antennas will provide 4950 beams that approximately correspond to the number of end office of the Japanese telephone network, and have a pointing accuracy of 0.005 degrees. This system will be equipped with 9900 30/20 GHz and 50/40 GHz transponder channels with bit rates of 800 Mbps. Its capacity will be 119 Tbps through use of 15 large communication satellite platforms.