某些偏微分方程的插值函数微分解法

对某些偏微分方程进行数值解,在规则区域或通过坐标变换能变成规则的区域内,广泛使用有限差分法;在具有不规则边界的区域内,有限元法得到了迅速发展。这里以二维问题为例,用从插值函数导出函数近似微分的方法对方程进行数值解。这实际上是有限差分法的一种推广,又能象有限元法那样适应求解区域和边界的不规则性。     

逆风因子法在非正交曲线坐标系中解不可压N-S方程中的应用

所谓的逆风因子法就是分别用二阶精度公式计算出对流项和扩散项的贡献,然后按此两项贡献的比值来确定一个逆风因子,来保证对流扩散方程数值解的精度和稳定性。这种逆风因子法是作者在用有限元素法解不可压N-S方程中提出来的。本文将逆风因子法应用于在非正交曲线坐标系中用有限差分法解不可压N-S方程。      

计算板坯连铸结晶器速度场时计算方程的处理

对计算板坯连铸结晶器内三维速度场时常用的连续性方程的处理方法进行讨论，用有限差分法评述了处理此方程的新途径。     

二维激波斜壁问题的数值研究

1.前言 在数值模拟激波构造时,通常将流体看作理想流体,即对Euler方程用有限差分法求解。有限差分法的优点是通用性强,但将其用于计算激波问题时,会在不连续波面附近产生数值衰减、过冲或欠冲,难以进行精确计算。FCT(Flux-Corrected Transport Method)法是Boris等开发的一种新的计算方法,它能充分发挥有限差分法的长处,可有效地计算激渡问题。但是,能对二维复杂形状的绕流进行数值研究还是在Thompson等     

固体中脉冲超声波传播的有限差分模拟

脉冲超声波传播过程的模拟研究对实际超声检测的信号分析具有重要的借鉴意义。对弹性固体中的声场方程应用时域有限差分法,进行了二维声场特性研究。通过完全匹配层方法对截断边界的吸收处理,解决了无限自由空间的计算问题。模拟计算表明该方法可用于各向异性介质的分析。分析了液固耦合情况下的超声波传播特性,取得了与光弹法物理试验相一致的结果。通过与平底孔试块实际缺陷回波信号的对比,验证了脉冲超声波有限差分法模拟计算的有效性和正确性。     

二维粘性跨音叶栅流场计算中逆风因子法的应用

本文是二维亚音叶栅粘性流场计算的推广。在非正交贴体坐标中用有限差分法解非定常运动方程;用逆风因子法确保其数值稳定性。采用总温处处相等这个能量方程。时间步长由运动方程的离散方程的系数非负性确定。采用k-ε紊流模型。对DFVLR跨音叶型叶栅分别在进口马赫数为1.05和0.82的条件下作了数值试验。计算和实验的对比是满意的。     

一维微裂纹的统计演化

 <正> 1.引言 由于组成统计微元的单个微裂纹,既不是古典的牛顿粒子,也不是量子的微观粒子,所以它们既不遵从古典力学的哈密顿方程,又不遵从量子力学的薛定谔方程,它们的运动规律一般由实验或先验模型来给出。本文从简化的、但抓住了物理实质的模型入手,给出了两种成核率函数,应用统计方法,通过计算分析,得出了一维微裂纹统计演化行为的物理图像。     

旋转变厚度圆盘的样条积分方程法

一、前言 对于旋转变厚度圆盘的应力分析,一般可用有限元法或差分法,但相对于边界元来说精度较差,若要提高精度就必须将单元分细,随之而来的是方程阶数的增加和计算时间的增长。为了克服上述缺点,本文提出了一种新的样条积分方程法,直接利用弹性力学二维问题的环基本解建立积分方程并用样条函数进行求解。这样只需划分少量单元,就可获得精度很高的数值解,可大大节约计算机内存和计算时间。     

数值解纳维尔—斯托克斯方程的三维体拟合坐标系

本文叙述求解纳维尔-斯托克斯方程的有限差分法。该方法用来研究绕任意三维体的不可压缩粘性流问题。利用体拟合曲线坐标系来克服描述物体几何形状时出现的困难。已经编制了用隐式和半隐式差分格式求解转换后的方程的程序。把在低和中雷诺数下用本方法计算的绕一球体的流动的数值结果与现有的理论、数值和试验结果进行了比较。也检验了绕有限机翼的流动。     

基于离散等价方程的非结构网格有限差分法

激波装配法把解析关系式嵌入流场避免了间断引起的理论问题，使全场一致高精度的实现成为可能，有望解决超声速流动转捩研究中的感受性模拟难题。但装配复杂激波结构以后，被分割的流场空间常出现不规则的几何形状，这给常规的基于结构网格的有限差分法应用带来困难。基于离散等价方程理论，提出了一种新的基于非结构网格的有限差分法，在空间二维离散点附近仅用3条网格线就可以构造出一阶迎风格式。数值算例表明收敛过程对网格质量不敏感，解决了激波装配法模拟激波相交出现小夹角后使用结构网格进行计算存在的难题。根据这种方法的特点展望了未来的应用前景。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。