Millimeter wave safety warning system for in-vehicle signing

Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) has developed a millimeter wave safety warning system for in-vehicle signing for use in the nation's Intelligent Transportation System (ITS, formerly IVHS). The Safety Warning System TU (SWS) utilizes a homodyne radar that operates at 24.1 GHz as both a radar and a system to transmit highway safety messages. The warning message is received by a police radar detector or stand-alone safety warning receiver without radar detector capability. When the message is received, it is displayed to the driver via an alphanumeric light emitting diode (LED) display. The message can also be announced by a voice synthesizer internal to the receiver or by a flashing LED labeled “SWS.” The system is designed to inform the driver that he or she is being overtaken by a police car or emergency vehicle in motion. When the police car or emergency vehicle stops, the radar transmitter senses that the platform is no longer moving and the system automatically changes its message to warn approaching drivers of a stationary hazard ahead. A second safety warning transmitter deployment concept is to mount the unit near the highway at a fixed location. The fixed location SWS is designed to be programmable and transmit any one of 64 fixed text messages     

Extragalactic supernova remnants

Because the supernova remnants (SNRs) in other galaxies are at well-defined distances and because in many cases the reddening within extragalactic samples is more uniform than is the case for the Galactic SNR sample, extragalactic SNRs are fundamental to improving our understanding of SNR evolution. Here methods for identifying SNRs are reviewed and the current status of observational research is explored. The data do not unambiguously support the simple Sedov picture of SNR expansion, although it may be that the data can be reconciled with this picture if sufficient variation in initial conditions are allowed.     

An Adaptive Array Signal Processing Algorithm for Communications

An algorithm is described for initial synchronization in a communication system with a digital adaptive array. This algorithm can also be used for message extraction. A set of consecutive complex video samples of the array output is processed to obtain optimum adaptive array weights, based on a least mean square (LMS) error criterion. This computation is performed for each of the possible alternative signals which may be present during an observation interval. The correct synchronization time or message symbol is selected as the one which yields the minimum LMS error. Assuming orthogonality of the alternative codes, a probability distribution for the output of this processor has been derived.     

航天器LVDS电缆三维模型嵌入EMC软件接口研究

航天器有效载荷设备之间高速率数据信号通过LVDS电缆进行传输,LVDS（低压差分信号）电缆的EMC特性对系统产生直接影响。LVDS电缆采用Pro/e软件进行三维设计和建模,通过电缆三维模型嵌入EMC软件的接口研究,摸索一套模型导出、重建、剖分和创建等的行之有效地方法。接口研究开创了LVDS电缆三维模型与EMC 软件接口从无到有的先河,初步搭建了Pro/e三维设计软件与系统级电磁仿真软件的桥梁。通过对航天器LVDS电缆在整星上布局的优化和EMC特性的分析,有力保障了航天器载荷可传输优质的图像质量。     

Harmonic Radar Systems for Near-Ground In-Foliage Nonlinear Scatterers

The radar transmission equation for a harmonic radar operating over a planar, finite dielectric Earth through foliage is derived for an interesting class of nonlinear scatterers. The received power can typically depend on range to the (-14) power for small objects near the ground. The maximum detection range of a ground-based system is related to all major system parameters: it is most sensitive to polarization, transmit antenna height, and transmit wavelength; moderately sensitive to transmit power and transmit antenna area; and least sensitive to receive antenna area, harmonic scattering cross section, and mode of data processing. For example, there is seen to be a best apportionment of total available aperture area into disjoint transmit and receive apertures which can be well approximated by the equal gain condition. Also, there is seen to be a critical path distance through foliage; at distances less than this, small wavelengths are desirable and, conversely, the upper transmit frequency limit may be set by nonlinear scatterer response. Airborne synthetic aperture radar systems are discussed and quantification of harmonic noise and effects of scatterer fluctuation are made. A useful phenomenological model of a nonlinear scatterer is given that is consistent with some observations and predicts a frequency dependence. Nonlinear scatterer effects on range resolution are discussed.     

ACARS报文参数的辨识

针对由于传输差错及人为因素引起的报文准确性和完整性问题,本文介绍了ACARS报文的种类及其基本结构；提出了参数辨识技术,它包括报文数据的预处理、译码和校验三部分。实验结果证明,该技术提高了ACARS报文的正确识别率,具有维护简单、扩充方便灵活的优点,对空地数据链技术在民航的有效应用起到积极作用。     

Positive identification of aircraft on airport movementarea-results of FAA trials

Current operational airport surface surveillance systems do not positively identify aircraft as unique targets. Air traffic controllers are instead presented with a primary radar picture showing all traffic on the airport movement area. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is evaluating different types of systems that will add the aircraft's call-sign or flight number to the radar image thereby allowing controllers to positively identify individual aircraft at all times. This paper describes the development, implementation, and testing of the airport surface target identification system (ATIDS), and presents results of initial trials conducted at Atlanta Hartsfield International Airport     

一种新的串行离散事件仿真建模策略——信息驱动法

根据离散事件仿真的特点,提出了一种新的仿真建模方法,即信息驱动法。首先对仿真系统内的信息进行了分类,并介绍了各类信息的性质,然后说明了信息的接收与识别,信息对仿真系统的驱动作用,并给出了信息驱动法的执行结构。最后,用单服务排队系统说明信息驱动法的具体执行过程。     

Navigation message designing with high accuracy for NAV

Navigation message designing with high accuracy guarantee is the key to efficient navigation message distribution in the global navigation satellite system（GNSS）. Developing high accuracy-aware navigation message designing algorithms is an important topic. This paper investigates the high-accuracy navigation message designing problem with the message structure unchanged.The contributions made in this paper include a heuristic that employs the concept of the estimated range deviation（ERD） to improve the existing well-known navigation message on L1 frequency（NAV） of global positioning system（GPS） for good accuracy service; a numerical analysis approximation method（NAAM） to evaluate the range error due to truncation（RET） of different navigation messages; and a basic positioning parameters designing algorithm in the limited space allocation. Based on the predicted ultra-rapid data from the ultra-rapid data from the international GPS service for geodynamic（IGU）, ERDs are generated in real time for error correction.Simulations show that the algorithms developed in this paper are general and flexible, and thus are applicable to NAV improvement and other navigation message designs.     

Virtools的消息控制机制及其应用

研究了基于Virtools的消息控制机制及其应用,介绍了Virtools用于基本消息控制的行为交互模块Keyboard Controller和用于高级消息控制的Keyboard Mapper、Unlimited Controller、Send Message和Wait Message等行为交互模块。最后通过一个真实案例介绍基于Virtools的消息控制机制在虚拟现实系统开发中的应用。     

Transmit Beamforming for MIMO Radar Systems using Signal Cross-Correlation

Proposed next-generation radar systems will have multiple transmit apertures with complete flexibility in the choice of the signals transmitted at each aperture. Here we propose the use of multiple signals with arbitrary cross-correlation matrix R, and show that R can be chosen to achieve or approximate a desired spatial transmit beampattern. Two specific problems are addressed. The first is the constrained optimization problem of finding the value of R which causes the true transmit beampattern to be close in some sense to a desired beampattern. This is approached using convex optimization techniques. The second is the problem of designing multiple constant-modulus waveforms with given cross-correlation R. The use of coded binary phase shift keyed (BPSK) waveforms is considered. A method for finding the code sequences based on random signaling with a structured correlation matrix is proposed. It is also shown that by restricting the class of admissible waveforms one reduces the set of possible signal correlation matrices.     

Future launcher perspectives at the European Space Agency-ESA

During recent years, a number of factors have totally changed the picture in which Europe had initiated the development of its own launch vehicle, ARIANE. This now requires us to ponder the steps which have to be taken in order to preserve the initial objectives of independent access to space and the commercial success in the new worldwide scenario, in coherence with European strategic, economic and political interests.     

基于热解过程的EPDM变热物性数值传热

针对三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)类绝热材料热载荷作用下的热解炭化过程,基于热解动力学和多孔介质传质传热理论,建立了芳纶/EPDM绝热材料热物性参数随温度和时间变化的变热物性模型,并通过与实验的对比,验证了模型的准确性与可靠性。随后对热载荷作用下的烧蚀热响应开展了数值计算,结果表明:热载荷作用初期,材料表面升温迅速,随着能量不断传递,温度推进速率明显降低,炭化层厚度增长减慢,部分材料仍为原始状态;温度对热解反应速率的影响呈指数级,距表面越近反应速率越快,反之则慢。所提出的变热物性模型对绝热材料的烧蚀研究具有一定的参考价值。      

消息队列中自定义数据格式的转换

消息中间件能将消息可靠的传送到目的地,并能够对消息进行同步/异步传输;而对于消息的格式,由于不同的消息有着不同的格式,这就将导致消息交互和系统更新的困难,增加了数据在网络中传送的困难性,也使得中间件的普及遇到了不少的阻碍;虽然消息中间件的厂家在原有的产品上增加了消息格式的转换功能,如在:MQ(Message Queue)前端加上一个可以转换数据格式的前置机,但内部消息存储的机制并没有改变;针对这种情况本文将在WebSphere MQ的基础上,在队列管理器中实现消息格式的转换.     

STDMA数据链系统的动态时隙分配研究

针对典型的STDMA时隙分配方案进行了改进,地面主控站实现了根据用户的紧急或优先级高低的预约请求进行实时分配,并支持用户占用时隙块发送较长报文的需求。仿真表明,该方案改善了延时性能,适合突发应急报文的传输需要。     

Comparison of Two Major Classes of Coherent Pulsed Radar Systems

Two classes of coherent radar types are analyzed to ascertain whether any significant advantages exist for a given system. The classes compared are those coherent radars which transmit a phasecoherent pulse-to-pulse RF carrier as opposed to those which transmit randomly phased RF carriers but store the coherent information at the radar for Doppler extraction. Rigorous new analytical development is avoided in favor of examination of the considerable existing literature, examination of practical limitations, and synthesis of generic solutions from key concepts. Examination is made of coherent radar classes from the viewpoints of reconnaissance ance and intelligence measurement, new radar design and devlopment, and electronic countermeasures vulnerability. The conclusion that the classes of coherent radars examined have a priori and a posteriori equivalent performance has significant implications not published in any reference source.     

PAR2000的通讯机制与消息管理策略

系统阐述了PAR2 0 0 0并行计算机系统的通讯机制和消息管理策略 ,给出了节点机的运算处理模块和通讯处理模块的通讯处理设计思想 ,定义了消息传递协议。这种消息处理方式解决了消息堵塞问题 ,能够有效地实现节点机与HOST机、节点机与节点机之间的消息传递。     

Optimal Decision Fusion in Multiple Sensor Systems

The problem of optimal data fusion in the sense of the Neyman-pearson (N-P) test in a centralized fusion center is considered. The fusion center receives data from various distributed sensors. Each sensor implements a N-P test individually and independently of the other sensors. Due to limitations in channel capacity, the sensors transmit their decision instead of raw data. In addition to their decisions, the sensors may transmit one or more bits of quality information. The optimal, in the N-P sense, decision scheme at the fusion center is derived and it is seen that an improvement in the performance of the system beyond that of the most reliable sensor is feasible, even without quality information, for a system of three or more sensors. If quality information bits are also available at the fusion center, the performance of the distributed decision scheme is comparable to that of the centralized N-P test. Several examples are provided and an algorithm for adjusting the threshold level at the fusion center is provided.     

Spiky sea clutter at high range resolutions and very low grazingangles

X-band (9.5-10.0 GHz) backscatter at near grazing incidence (0.2 deg) from the sea off the coast of Kauai, Hawaii, was measured with a radar characterized by a high spatial resolution in range (0.3 m) and a high temporal resolution (2000 Hz pulse repetition frequency (PRF)). Extensive amounts (over 20 min per measurement) of vertically and horizontally polarized sea clutter data were taken with upwind (UP) and crosswind (CR) transmit geometries during the collection campaign. Specific but representative examples of the clutter were statistically and phenomenologically analyzed over time scales varying from long (200 s), to intermediate (5 s), to short (50 ms), and over range swaths varying from full (160 m), to partial (30 m), to a single range cell (0.3 m). All analyses and results presented here are noncoherent, involving only the clutter amplitudes. Each type of clutter exhibited the characteristic spiky behavior which has come to be expected from microwave sea backscatter observed at low grazing angles and high range resolutions, while showing, between themselves, marked transmit geometry and polarization dependent contrasts, with the horizontally polarized clutter, measured with an UP transmit geometry, being especially notable for its frequently occurring, significant high frequency spectral content. Within the same clutter type, differences were observed in the probability distributions of radar cross sections (RCS) of spatially and temporally extended spiking events     

MIMO雷达DOD和DOA联合估计算法: RTR-ESPRIT

 针对双基地多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达多目标波离角(DOD)和波达角(DOA)的联合估计问题,提出一种接收-发射-接收(RTR)-ESPRIT算法。该算法首先利用一维接收ESPRIT(R-ESPRIT)预估计目标DOA,随后分别利用一维发射ESPRIT(T-ESPRIT)和一维接收ESPRIT得到目标的高精度DOD和DOA估计,在每两次ESPRIT算法之间分别构造正交投影算子对接收信号进行接收波束形成和发射波束形成。与传统ESPRIT算法相比,该算法大大降低了数据协方差矩阵维数和计算复杂度,无需额外的配对算法,且理论证明了该方法还可以用于相干目标和单快拍情况下DOD和DOA的联合估计。仿真结果表明了该算法的正确性及良好的估计性能。